Promoting physical activity with goal-oriented mental imagery: A randomized controlled trial

Journal of Behavioral Medicine

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 347-363

  Chan, Carina K Y ^a   Cameron, Linda D ^b  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Self regulation theory Randomized controlled trial Mental imagery Physical activity intervention Approach orientation

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; MOTIVATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOTHERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GOALS; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; IMAGERY (PSYCHOTHERAPY); MALE; MIDDLE AGED; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84863781538     PISSN: 01607715     EISSN: 15733521     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10865-011-9360-6     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Abraham, C., Norman, P., & Conner, M. (2000). Towards a psychology of health-related behaviour change. In P. Norman, C. Abraham, & M. Conner (Eds.), Understanding and changing health behaviour: From health beliefs to self-regulation (pp. 343-369). Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.
2. Achterberg, J., Dossey, B., & Kolkmeier, L. (2002). Imagery scripts for changing lifestyle patterns. In A. A. Sheikh (Ed.), Handbook of therapeutic imagery techniques. New York: Baywood Publishing Company Inc.
3. Ajzen, I. (2002). Constructing a TpB questionnaire: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Retrieved 10th March, 2004, from http://www.people.umass.edu/aizen/pdf/tpb.measurement. pdf
4. Austin, J. T., & Vancouver, J. B. (1996). Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process and content. Psychological Bulletin, 120(3), 338-375.
5. Bagozzi, R. P. (1992). The self-regulation of attitudes, intentions, and behavior. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55(2), 178-204.
6. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
7. Bay, D., & Daniel, H. (2003). The theory of trying and goal-directed behavior: The effect of moving up the hierarchy of goals. Psychology and Marketing, 20(8), 669-684.
8. Beauchamp, M. R., Bray, S. R., & Albinson, J. G. (2002). Precompetition imagery, self-efficacy and performance in collegiate golfers. Journal of Spors Sciences, 20, 697-705.
9. Boekaerts, M., Pintrich, P. R., & Zeidner, M. (2000). Handbook of self-regulation. San Deigo, CA: Academic press.
10. Borland, R., Marks, R., Gibbs, A., & Hill, D. (1995). Effects of type of information in health education brochures upon performance on an experimental melanoma detection task. Health Education Research, 10(2), 191-198.
11. Brownlee, S., Leventhal, H., & Leventhal, E. A. (2000). Regulation, self-regulation, and construction of the self in the maintenance of physical health. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 369-416). USA: Academic Press.
12. Buchner, A., Erdfelder, E., & Faul, F. (1997). How to Use G Power. from http://www.psycho.uni-duesseldorf.de/aap/projects/gpower/ how-to-use-gpower.html.
13. Cameron, L. D., & Chan, C. K. Y. (2008). Designing health communications: Harnessing the power of affect, imagery, and self-regulation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(1), 262-282.
14. Cameron, L. D., & Leventhal, H. (2003). The self-regulation of health and illness behaviour. New York: Routledge.
15. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Principles of self-regulation: Action and emotion. In E. T. Higgins & R. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 645-672). New York: Guilford Press.
16. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
17. Chan, C. K. Y., & Cameron, L. D. (2010). Assessing approach and avoidance health goal orientations: The health goal orientation measure. Manuscript under review.
18. Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, A. E., et al. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(8), 1381-1395. (Pubitemid 36936159)
19. Detweiler, J. B., Bedell, B. T., Salovey, P., Pronin, E., & Rothman, A. J. (1999). Message framing and sunscreen use: Gain-framed messages motivate beach-goers. Health Psychology, 18(2), 189-196. (Pubitemid 29152608)
20. Elliot, A. J. (1999). Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals. Educational Psychologist, 34(3), 169-189.
21. Elliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A. (2001). A 2 9 2 achievement goal framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(3), 501-519.
22. Elliott, E. S., & Dweck, C. S. (1988). Goals: An approach to motivation and achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(1), 5-12.
23. Epstein, S. (1994). Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious. American Psychologist, 49(8), 709-724. (Pubitemid 24976708)
24. Epstein, G. (2002). Imagery exercises for health. In A. A. Sheikh (Ed.), Handbook of therapeutic imagery techniques. Amityville, New York: Baywood Publishing Company Inc.
25. Gammage, K. L., Hall, C. R., & Rodgers, W. M. (2000). More about exercise imagery. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 348-359.
26. Godin, G., & Shephard, R. J. (1985). A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Canadian journal of applied sport sciences, 10, 141-146.
27. Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999). Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans. American Psychologist, 54(7), 493-503.
28. Hall, C. (1995). The motivational function of mental imagery for participation in sport and exercise. In J. Annett, B. Cripps, & H. Steinberg (Eds.), Exercise addiction: Motivation for participation in sport and exercise (pp. 15-21). Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society.
29. Hausenblas, H. A., Hall, C. R., Rodgers, W. M., & Munroe, K. J. (1999). Exercise imagery: Its nature and measurement. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 171-180.
30. Heckhausen, H., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (1987). Thought contents and cognitive functioning in motivational versus volitional states of mind. Motivation and Emotion, 11(2), 101-120.
31. Janz, K. F. (2002). Use of heart rate monitors to assess physical activity. In G. J. Welk (Ed.), Physical activity assessments for health-realted research. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
32. Kelley, K., & Abraham, C. (2004). RCT of a theory-based intervention promoting healthy eating and physical activity amongst outpatients older than 65 years. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 787-797. (Pubitemid 38737121)
33. Latham, G. P. (2003). Goal setting: A five-step approach to behavior change. Organizational Dynamics, 32(3), 309-318. (Pubitemid 36977304)
34. Latimer, A. E., Ginis, K. A., & Arbour, K. P. (2006). The efficacy of an implementation intention intervention for promoting physical activity among individuals with spinal cord injury: A randomized controlled trial. Rehabilitation Psychology, 51(4), 273-280. (Pubitemid 44789952)
35. Leventhal, H., Brissette, I., & Leventhal, E. A. (2003). The commonsense model of self-regulation of health and illness. In L. D. Cameron & H. Leventhal (Eds.), The self-regulation of health and illness behaviour (pp. 42-65). New York: Routledge.
36. Luszczynska, A. (2006). An implementation intentions intervention, the use of a planning strategy, and physical activity after myocardial infarction. Social Science and Medicine, 62(4), 900-908. (Pubitemid 43087365)
37. Luszczynska, A., & Schwarzer, R. (2003). Planning and self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of breast self-examination: A longitudinal study on self-regulation cognitions. Psychology and Health, 18(1), 93-108. (Pubitemid 36260207)
38. Marcus, B. H., Rossi, J. S., Selby, V. C., Niaura, R. S., & Abrams, D. B. (1992). The stages and processes of exercise adoption and maintenance in aworksite sample.Health Psychology, 11. 386-395.
39. Martin, K. A., Moritz, S. E., & Hall, C. R. (1999). Imagery use in sport: A literature review and applied model. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 245-268.
40. Ministry of Health. (2006). Physical activity: Definitions. Retrieved 1st March, 2006, from http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/238fd 5fb4fd051844c256669006aed57/6b01f5fda1afcb96cc256ee4000 ce657?OpenDocument.
41. Munroe, K. J., Giacobbi, P. R., Jr., Hall, C., & Weinberg, R. (2000). The four Ws of imagery use: Where, when, why and what. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 119-137.
42. Norman, P., & Conner, M. (2005). The theory of planned behavior and exercise: Evidence for the mediating and moderating roles of planning on intention-behavior relationships. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 27, 488-504. (Pubitemid 41739127)
43. Oettingen, G., Pak, H. J., & Schnetter, K. (2001). Self-regulation of goal-setting: Turning free fantasies about the future into binding goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(5), 736-753. (Pubitemid 33594889)
44. Paivio, A. (1985). Cognitive and motivational functions of imagery in human performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science, 10, 22-28.
45. Pervin, L. A. (1982). The stasis and flow of a behavior: Toward a theory of goals. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 29, 1-53.
46. Pervin, L. A. (1989). Goal concepts in personality and social psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
47. Pham, L. B., & Taylor, S. E. (1999). From thought to action: Effects of process-versus outcome-based mental simulations on performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(2), 250-260.
48. Prestwich, A., Lawton, R., & Conner, M. (2003). The use of implementation intentions and the decision balance sheet in promoting exercise behaviour. Psychology and Health, 18(6), 707-721. (Pubitemid 37469991)
49. Rook, K. S. (1987). Effects of case history versus abstract information on health attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17(6), 533-553.
50. Rothman, A. J. (2000). Toward a theory-based analysis of behavioral maintenance. Health Psychology, 19(Suppl. 1), 64-69.
51. Rothman, A. J., Baldwin, A. S., & Hertel, A. W. (2004). Selfregulation and behavior change: Disentangling behavioral initiation and behavioral maintenance. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulations: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 130-148).NewYork: Guilford Press.
52. Rothman, A. J., Kelly, K. M., Hertel, A. W., & Salovey, P. (2003). Message frames and illness representations: Implications for interventions to promote and sustain healthy behavior. In L. D. Cameron & H. Leventhal (Eds.), The self-regulation of health and illness behaviour (pp. 278-296).NewYork: Routledge.
53. Rothman, A. J., Salovey, P., Antone, C., Keough, K., & Martin, C. D. (1993). The influence of message framing on intentions to perform health behaviors. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 408-433.
54. Sanna, L. J. (2000). Mental simulation, affect, and personality: A conceptual framework. Current Direction in Psychological Science, 9(5), 168-173.
55. Schwarzer, R. (1999). Self-regulatory processes on the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors: The role of optimism, goals, and threats. Journal of Health Psychology, 4(2), 115-127. (Pubitemid 29201955)
56. Sheeran, P., Milne, S., Webb, T. L., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2005). Implementation intentions and health behaviors. In M. Conner & P. Norman (Eds.), Predicting health behaviour; Research and practice with social cognition models (2nd ed., pp. 276-323). Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
57. Shilts, M. K., Horowitz, M., & Townsend, M. S. (2004). An innovative approach to goal setting for adolescents: Guided goal setting. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 36(3), 155-156. (Pubitemid 38843910)
58. Short, S. E., Hall, C. R., Engel, S. R., & Nigg, C. R. (2004). Exercise imagery and the stages of change. Journal of Mental Imagery, 28(1 & 2), 61-78.
59. Sims, J., Smith, F., Duffy, A., & Hilton, S. (1999). The vagaries of self-reports of physical activity: A problem revisited and addressed in a study of exercise promotion in the over 65 s in general practice. Family Practice, 16(2), 152-157. (Pubitemid 29255560)
60. Taylor, S. E., & Pham, L. B. (1996). Mental simulation, motivation, and action. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 219-235). New York: The Guilford Press.
61. Taylor, S. E., & Pham, L. B. (1999). The effect of mental simulation on goal-directed performance. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 18(4), 253-268.
62. Taylor, S. E., Pham, L. B., Rivkin, I. D., & Armor, D. A. (1998). Harnessing the imagination: Mental simulation, self-regulation, and coping. American Psychologist, 53(4), 429-439. (Pubitemid 128458588)
63. Wilmore, J. H., Stanforth, P. R., Gagnon, J., Leon, A. S., Rao, D. C., Skinner, J. S., et al. (1996). Endurance exercise training has a minimal effect on resting heart rate: The HERITAGE study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28, 829-835. (Pubitemid 26255905)
64. Worth, K., Sullivan, H. W., Hertel, A. W., Jeffery, R. W., & Rothman, A. J. (2005). Avoidance goals can be beneficial: A look at smoking cessation. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 27(2), 107-116. (Pubitemid 40855129)
65. Ying, J. (2001). The effects of persuasive message strategies on melanoma detection information. Unpublished thesis, The University of Auckland, Auckland.