Current understanding of placental fatty acid transport

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 265-272

  Gil Sánchez, Alfonso ^a   Koletzko, Berthold ^b   Larqué, Elvira ^c  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO VIRGEN DE LA ARRIXACA   (Spain)

^b LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Docosahexaenoic acid; Fatty acids; Lipid droplets; Lipolysis; Placenta

Indexed keywords

CARRIER PROTEIN; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ENDOTHELIAL LIPASE; FATTY ACID; FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN; LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE; PLACENTA ENZYME; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

COGNITION; FATTY ACID TRANSPORT; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; MATERNAL PLASMA; OBESITY; PLACENTA; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY DIABETES MELLITUS; REVIEW;

BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; DIABETES, GESTATIONAL; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; FATTY ACID-BINDING PROTEINS; FATTY ACIDS, NONESTERIFIED; FEMALE; FETUS; HUMANS; MATERNAL-FETAL EXCHANGE; OBESITY; PLACENTA; PREGNANCY;

EID: 84863634433     PISSN: 13631950     EISSN: 14736519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283523b6e     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Innis SM. Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and the developing brain. Brain Res 2008;1237:35-43.
2. Al MD, van Houwelingen AC, Kester AD, et al. Maternal essential fatty acid patterns during normal pregnancy and their relationship to the neonatal essential fatty acid status. Br J Nutr 1995;74:55-68.
3. Larqué E, Gil-Sánchez A, Prieto-Sánchez MT, Koletzko B. Omega 3 fatty acids, gestation and pregnancy outcomes. Br J Nutr 2012; (in press).
4. Otto SJ, Houwelingen AC, Antal M, Manninen A, et al. Maternal and neonatal essential fatty acid status in phospholipids: an international comparative study. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51:232-242.
5. Gil-Sanchez A, Larque E, Demmelmair H, Acien MI, et al. Maternal-fetal in vivo transfer of [13C]docosahexaenoic and other fatty acids across the human placenta 12 h after maternal oral intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:115-122. A demonstration in humans of the biomagnification of LC-PUFAs with labeled fatty acids and preferential placental uptake.
6. Desforges M, Sibley CP. Placental nutrient supply and fetal growth. Int J Dev Biol 2010;54:377-390.
7. Larqué E, Demmelmair H, Gil-Sánchez A, Prieto- Sánchez MT, et al. Placental transfer of fatty acids and fetal implications. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1908S-1913S.
8. Duttaroy AK. Transport of fatty acids across the human placenta: a review. Prog Lipid Res 2009;48:52-61.
9. Rebholz SL, Burke KT, Yang Q, Tso P, et al. Dietary fat impacts fetal growth and metabolism: uptake of chylomicron remnant core lipids by the placenta. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011;301:E416-E425.
10. Magnusson-Olsson AL, Lager S, Jacobsson B, Jansson T, et al. Effect of maternal triglycerides and free fatty acids on placental LPL in cultured primary trophoblast cells and in a case of maternal LPL deficiency 2. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007;293:E24-E30.
11. Lagarde M, Bernoud N, Brossard N, Lemaitre-Delaunay D, et al. Lysophosphatidylcholine as a preferred carrier form of docosahexaenoic acid to the brain. J Mol Neurosci 2001;16:201-204.
12. Gauster M, Hiden U, Blaschitz A, Frank S, et al. Dysregulation of placental endothelial lipase and lipoprotein lipase in intrauterine growth-restricted pregnancies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:2256-2263.
13. Lindegaard ML, Olivecrona G, Christoffersen C, Kratky D, et al. Endothelial and lipoprotein lipases in human and mouse placenta. J Lipid Res 2005;46:2339-2346.
14. Woollett LA. Review: transport of maternal cholesterol to the fetal circulation. Placenta 2011;32(Suppl. 2):S218-S221. A review on the mechanisms of cholesterol fatty acid uptake that includes the endocytosis of lipoproteins which could also provide fatty acids to the placenta.
15. Rice GE, Wong MH, Farrugia W, Scott KF. Contribution of type II phospholipase A2 to in vitro phospholipase A2 enzymatic activity in human term placenta. J Endocrinol 1998;157:25-31.
16. Tobin KA, Johnsen GM, Staff AC, Duttaroy AK. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid transport across human placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells. Placenta 2009;30:41-47.
17. Larque E, Krauss-Etschmann S, Campoy C, Hartl D, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid supply in pregnancy affects placental expression of fatty acid transport proteins. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:853-861.
18. Cunningham P, McDermott L. Long chain PUFA transport in human term placenta. J Nutr 2009;139:636-639.
19. Storch J, Corsico B. The emerging functions and mechanisms of mammalian fatty acid-binding proteins. Annu Rev Nutr 2008;28:73-95.
20. Mishima T, Miner JH, Morizane M, et al. The expression and function of fatty acid transport protein-2 and -4 in the murine placenta. PLoS One 2011;6:e25865; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025865.
21. Biron-Shental T, Schaiff WT, Ratajczak CK, Bildirici I, et al. Hypoxia regulates the expression of fatty acid-binding proteins in primary term human trophoblasts. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:516-1516.
22. Lindegaard ML, Damm P, Mathiesen ER, Nielsen LB. Placental triglyceride accumulation in maternal type 1 diabetes is associated with increased lipase gene expression. J Lipid Res 2006;47:2581-2588.
23. Heitritter SM, Solomon CG, Mitchell GF, Skali-Ounis N, et al. Subclinical inflammation and vascular dysfunction in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:3983-3988.
24. Bickel PE, Tansey JT, Welte MA. PAT proteins, an ancient family of lipid droplet proteins that regulate cellular lipid stores. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009;1791:419-440.
25. Bildirici I, Roh CR, Schaiff WT, Lewkowski BM, et al. The lipid droplet-associated protein adipophilin is expressed in human trophoblasts and is regulated by peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma/retinoid X receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:6056-6062.
26. Zimmermann R, Lass A, Haemmerle G, Zechner R. Fate of fat: the role of adipose triglyceride lipase in lipolysis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009;1791:494-500. An interesting review on lipolysis in adipocytes.
27. Johnsen GM, Weedon-Fekjaer MS, Tobin KA, Staff AC, et al. Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulate cellular fatty acid uptake in human placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells. Placenta 2009;30:1037-1044.
28. Tobin KA, Harsem NK, Dalen KT, Staff AC, et al. Regulation of ADRP expression by long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in BeWo cells, a human placental choriocarcinoma cell line. J Lipid Res 2006;47:815-823.
29. Madsen EM, Lindegaard ML, Andersen CB, Damm P, et al. Human placenta secretes apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins. J Biol Chem - 2004;279:55271-55276.
30. Thomas B, Ghebremeskel K, Lowy C, Min Y, et al. Plasma AA and DHA levels are not compromised in newly diagnosed gestational diabetic women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58:1492-1497.
31. Min Y, Ghebremeskel K, Lowy C, Thomas B, et al. Adverse effect of obesity on red cell membrane arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in gestational diabetes. Diabetologia 2004;47:75-81.
32. Wijendran V, Bendel RB, Couch SC, Philipson EH, et al. Fetal erythrocyte phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids are altered in pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Lipids 2000;35:927-931.
33. Herrera E, Ortega-Senovilla H. Disturbances in lipid metabolism in diabetic pregnancy - are these the cause of the problem? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;24:515-525.
34. Jarvie E, Hauguel-de-Mouzon S, Nelson SM, Sattar N, et al. Lipotoxicity in obese pregnancy and its potential role in adverse pregnancy outcome and obesity in the offspring. Clin Sci (Lond) 2010;119:123-129. A review on potential mechanisms altered in the fatty acid placental transfer in obese pregnant women.
35. Schaefer-Graf UM, Meitzner K, Ortega-Senovilla H, Graf K, et al. Differences in the implications of maternal lipids on fetal metabolism and growth between gestational diabetes mellitus and control pregnancies. Diabet Med 2011;28:1053-1059.
36. Shafrir E, Khassis S. Maternal-fetal fat transport versus new fat synthesis in the pregnant diabetic rat. Diabetologia 1982;22:111-117.
37. Magnusson AL, Waterman IJ, Wennergren M, Jansson T, et al. Triglyceride hydrolase activities and expression of fatty acid binding proteins in the human placenta in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction and diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:4607-4614.
38. Gauster M, Hiden U, van Poppel M, Frank S, et al. Dysregulation of placental endothelial lipase in obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 2011;60:2457-2464.
39. Radaelli T, Lepercq J, Varastehpour A, Basu S, et al. Differential regulation of genes for fetoplacental lipid pathways in pregnancy with gestational and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;201:209-1209.
40. Pathmaperuma AN, Maña P, Cheung SN, Kugathas K, et al. Fatty acids alter glycerolipid metabolism and induce lipid droplet formation, syncytialisation and cytokine production in human trophoblasts with minimal glucose effect or interaction. Placenta 2010;31:230-239. An in-vitro study on the effects of high concentrations of NEFA and glucose in trophoblast cells.
41. Lager S, Jansson N, Olsson AL, Wennergren M, et al. Effect of IL-6 and TNFalpha on fatty acid uptake in cultured human primary trophoblast cells. Placenta 2011;32:121-127. An in-vitro study of influence of cytokines in the fatty acid uptake process of trophoblasts.
42. Zhu MJ, Du M, Nathanielsz PW, Ford SP. Maternal obesity up-regulates inflammatory signaling pathways and enhances cytokine expression in the mid-gestation sheep placenta. Placenta 2010;31:387-391.
43. Zhu MJ, Ma Y, Long NM, et al. Maternal obesity markedly increases placental fatty acid transporter expression and fetal blood triglycerides at midgestation in the ewe. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010;299:R1224-R1231.
44. Scifres CM, Chen B, Nelson DM, Sadovsky Y. Fatty acid binding protein 4 regulates intracellular lipid accumulation in human trophoblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:E1083-E1091. A study of lipid accretion in placental biopsies in pregnant women with obesity and GDM.