Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O171:H25 strain isolated from a patient with haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica

Volumn 59, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 215-224

  Lepšanović, Zorica ^a   Opačić, Dolores ^a   Lazić, Srcrossed D Signan ^a   Herpay, Mária ^b   Tóth, Szilárd ^b   Kostić, Mirjana ^c   Kucsera, István ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DEFENCE   (Serbia)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Hungary)

^c University Children's Hospital   (Serbia)

Author keywords

Escherichia coli non O157 serogroup; haemolytic uraemic syndrome; Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli; virulence factors

Indexed keywords

VEROTOXIN 2; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; BOVIDS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; EAEA GENE; EPIDEMIC; ESCHERICHIA COLI O157; FEMALE; HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; HLYA GENE; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; SEROTYPE; SHIGA TOXIN PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI; STX1 GENE; STX2 GENE;

ESCHERICHIA COLI;

EID: 84863631286     PISSN: 12178950     EISSN: 15882640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1556/AMicr.59.2012.2.6     Document Type: Article

References (187)

1. WHO. Zoonotic non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)Report of a WHOscientific working group meeting, Berlin, G.ermany, 22-23 June, 1998. World Health Organisation, G.eneva, Switzerland, 1999, pp. 1-30.
2. Karmali, M. A. : Infection by verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2, 15-38 (1989 (Pubitemid 19031864)
3. Blanco, M., Blanco, J. E., Blanco, J., G.onzález, E. A., Mora, A., Prado, C., Fernández, L., Rio, M., Ramos, J., Alonso, M. P. : Prevalence and characteristics of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and other verotoxin-producing E. coli in healthy cattle. Epidemiol. Infect. 117, 251-257 (1996 (Pubitemid 26345234)
4. Hussein, H. S. : Prevalence and pathogenicity of Shiga toxin/producing Escherichia coli in beef cattle and their products. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (E. Suppl. ), E63-E72 (2007
5. Griffin, P. M., Tauxe, R. V. : The epidemiology of infections caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, other enterohemorrhagic E. coli, and the associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Epidemiol. Rev. 13, 60-98 (1991
6. G.rant, J., Wendelboe, A. M., Wendel, A., Jepson, B., Torres, P., Smelser, C., Rolfs, R. T. : Spinach-associated Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak, Utah and New Mexico, 2006. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 14, 1633-1636 (2008
7. Carter, A. O., Borezyk, A. A., Carlson, J. A., Harvey, B., Hockin, J. C., Karmali, M. A., Krishnan, C., Korn, D. A., Lior, H. : A severe outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7-associated hemorrhagic colitis in a nursing home. N. Eng. J. Med. 317, 1496-1500 (1987 (Pubitemid 17160544)
8. Paton, J. C., Paton, A. W. : Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11, 450-479 (1998 (Pubitemid 28379095)
9. Siegler, R. L., Obrigm, T. G., Pysher, T. J., Tesh, V. L., Denkers, N. D., Taylor, F. B. : Response to Shiga toxins 1 and 2 in a baboon model of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Pediatr. Nephro. 118, 92-96 (2003 (Pubitemid 41490292)
10. McDaniel, T. K., Jarvis, K. G., Donnenberg, M. S., Kaper, J. B. : A genetic locus of enterocyte effacement conserved among diverse enterobacterial pathogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 1664-1668 (1995
11. Käppeli, U., Hächler, H., G.iezendanner, N., Beutin, L., Stephan, R. : Human infections with non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Switzerland, 2000-2009. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17, 180-185 (2011
12. Nataro, J. P., Kaper, J. B. : Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11, 142-201 (1998 (Pubitemid 28046019)
13. Karmali, M. A., Petric, M., Lim, C., Fleming, P. C., Arbus, G. S., Lior, H. : The association between hemolytic uremic syndrome and infection by Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. J. Infect. Dis. 151, 775-782 (1985 (Pubitemid 15094592)
14. Karmali, M. A., Mascarenhas, M., Shen, S., Ziebell, K., Johnson, S., Reid-Smith, R., Isaac-Renton, J., Clark, C., Rahn, K., Kaper, J. B. : Association of genomic O island 122 of Escherichia coli EDL 933 with Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli seropathotypes that are linked to epidemic and/or serious disease. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41, 4930-4940 (2003 (Pubitemid 37429898)
15. Beutin, L., Zimmermann, S., G.leier, K. : Human infections with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli other than serogroup O157 in G.ermany. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 4, 635-639 (1998 (Pubitemid 28553689)
16. Caprioli, A., Luzzi, I., Rosmini, F., Resti, C., Edefonti, A., Perfumo, F., Farina, C., G.oglio, A., G.ianviti, A., Rizzone, G. : Communitywide outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with non-O157 Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. J. Infect. Dis. 169, 208-211 (1994
17. Paton, A. W., Woodrow, M. C., Doyle, R. M., Lanser, J. A., Paton, J. C. : Molecular characterization of a Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli O113:H21 strain lacking eae responsible for a cluster of cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 3357-3361 (1999 (Pubitemid 29455234)
18. Struelens, M. J., Palm, D., Takkinen, J. : Enteroaggregative, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak: New microbiological findings boost coordinated investigations by European public health laboratories. Euro Surveill. 16, pii=19890 (2011)Available online: http://www. eurosurveillance. org/ViewArticle. aspx?Articleid=19890
19. Blanco, J., Blanco, M., Blanco, J. E., Mora, A., G.onzález, E. A., Bernárdez, M. I., Alonso, M. P., Coira, A., Rodriguez, A., Rey, J., Alonso, J. M., Usera, M. A. : Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in Spain: Prevalence, serotypes, and virulence genes of O157:H7 and non-O157:H7 in ruminants, raw beef products, and humans. Exp. Biol. Med. 228, 345-351 (2003 (Pubitemid 37203640)
20. Blanco, J. E., Blanco, M., Alonso, M. P., Mora, A., Dahbi, G., Coira, M. A., Blanco, J. : Serotypes, virulence genes, and intimin types of Shiga toxin (Verotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from human patients: Prevalence in Lugo, Spain, from 1992 through 1999. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 311-319 (2004 (Pubitemid 38082738)
21. Blanco, M., Blanco, J. E., Mora, A., Dahbi, G., Alonso, M. P., G.onzález, E. A., Bernárdez, M. I., Blanco, J. : Serotypes, virulence genes, and intimin types of Shiga toxin (Verotoxin)- producing Escherichia coli isolates from cattle in Spain and identification of a new intimin variant gene (eae-x)J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 645-651 (2004 (Pubitemid 38222642)
22. Cobeljih, M., Dimih, B., Opacih, D., Lepšanovih, Z., Stojanovih, V., Lazih, S. : The prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in domestic animals and food in Serbia. Epidemiol. Infect. 133, 359-366 (2005
23. Orskov, L., Orskov, F. : Serotyping of Escherichia coli. In: Bergan, T., Norris, J. R. (eds. ), Methods in Microbiology. Academic Press, New York, 1984, pp. 43-112.
24. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests, 20th Supplement. CLSI document M100-S20 Wayne, PA, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2010.
25. Pollard, D. R., Johnson, W. M., Lior, H., Tyler, S. D., Rozee, K. R. : Differentiation of Shiga toxin and Vero cytotoxin type 1 genes by polymerase chain reaction. J. Infect. Dis. 162, 1195-1198 (1990 (Pubitemid 20353607)
26. Tyler, S. D., Johnson, W. M., Lior, H., Wang, G., Rozee, K. R. : Identification of Verotoxin type 2 variant B subunit genes in Escherichia coli by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29, 1339-1343 (1991
27. Paton, A. W., Paton, J. C. : Detection and characterization of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli by using multiplex PCR assays for stx1, stx2, eaeA, enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA, rfbO111, and rfbO157. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 598-602 (1998 (Pubitemid 28060342)
28. Cobeljih, M., Lepšanovih, Z., Velimirovih, S. : Infrequent finding of Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in diarrheal stools in Belgrade, Serbia. Scan. J. Infect. Dis. 27, 427-428 (1995
29. Cobeljih, M., Bojih, I., Opacih, D., Lepšanovih, Z., Lazih, S. : The first documented case of enterocolitis in Yugoslavia caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157. Vojnosanit. Pregl. 60, 493-496 (2003
30. G.irardeau, J. P., Dalmasso, A., Bertin, Y., Ducrot, C., Bord, S., Livrelli, V., Vernozy-Rozand, C., Martin, C. : Association of virulence genotype with phylogenetic background in comparison to different seropathotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 6098-6107 (2005 (Pubitemid 43100666)
31. Shen, S., Mascarenhas, M., Rahn, K., Kaper, J. B., Karmali, M. A. : Evidence for a hybrid genomic island in verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli CL3 (serotype O113:H21) containing segments of EDL933 (serotype O157:H7) O islands 122 and 48. Infect. Immun. v 72, 1496-1503 (2004 (Pubitemid 38263772)
32. Dean-Nystrom, E. A., Melton-Celsa, A. R., Pohlenz, J. F., Moon, H. W., O'Brien, A. D. : Comparative pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O157 and intimin-negative non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains in neonatal pigs. Infect. Immun. 71, 6526-6533 (2003 (Pubitemid 37337712)
33. Wickham, M. E., Lupp, C., Mascarenhas, M., Vázquez, A., Coombes, B. K., Brown, N. F., Coburn, B. A., Deng, W., Puente, J. L., Karmali, M. A., Finlay, B. B. : Bacterial genetic determinants of non-O157 STEC outbreaks and hemolytic-uremic syndrome after infection. J. Infect. Dis. 194, 819-827 (2006 (Pubitemid 44344131)
34. Paton, A. W., Srimanote, P., Talbot, U. M., Wang, H., Paton, J. C. : A new family of potent AB(5) cytotoxins produced by Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli. J. Exp. Med. 200, 35-46 (2004 (Pubitemid 38924726)
35. Karmali, M. A. : Host and pathogen determinants of verocytotoxin- producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Kidney Int. 75, S4-S7 (2009
36. Campbell, W. C. : Historical introduction. In: Campbell, W. C. (ed), Trichinella and Trichinosis. Plenum Press, New York, 1983, pp. 1-30.
37. Nöckler, K., Pozio, E., Voigt, W. P., Heidrich, J. : Detection of trichinella in food animals. Veterinary Parasitology 93, 335-350 (2000
38. Blancou, J. : History of trichinellosis surveillance. Parasite 8, 16-19 (2001
39. Nemeséri, L. : The importance of trichinellosis in Hungary. Wiadomopci Parazytologiczne 16, 80-83 (1970
40. G.latz, K., Danka, J., Kucsera, I., Pozio, E. : Human trichinellosis in Hungary from 1965 to 2009. Parasite 17, 173-268 (2010
41. Roth, H. : The in vitro action of Trichinella larva in immune serum - A new precipitin test in trichinosis. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 18, 160 (1941
42. Gómez-Morales, M. A., Ludovisi, A., Amati, M., Cherchi, S., Pezzotti, P., Pozio, E. : Validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of human trichinellosis. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 15, 1723-1729 (2008
43. European Community: Regulation (EC) No. 2075/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 December 2005 laying down specific rules on official controls for Trichinella in meat. Official Journal of the European Union L 338, 60-82 (2005
44. Pozio, E., La Rosa, G. : PCR-Derived methods for the identification of Trichinella parasites from animal and human samples. In: Sachse, K., Frey, J. (eds): PCR Detection of Microbial Pathogens (Methods in Molecular Biology 216)Humana Press Inc., New Jersey, 2003, pp. 299-309.
45. Dupouy-Camet, J., Murrell, K. D. (eds): FAO/WHO/OIE G.uidelines for the surveillance, management, prevention and control of trichinellosis. FAO/WHO/OIE, Paris, France, 2007.
46. Széll, Z., Marucci, G., Bajmóczy, E., Cséplõ, A., Pozio, E., Sréter, T. : Spatial distribution of Trichinella britovi, T. pseudospiralis and T. spiralis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Hungary. Veterinary Parasitology 156, 210-215 (2008
47. Al-Zu'bi, E., Bdour, S., Shehabi, A. A. : Antibiotic resistance patterns of mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical specimens and nasal carriage. Microb. Drug. Resist. 10, 321-324 (2004 (Pubitemid 40096568)
48. Borg, M. A., de Kraker, M., Scicluna, E., van de Sande-Bruinsma, N., Tiemersma, E., Monen, J. et al., ARMed Project Members and Collaborators: Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in invasive isolates from southern and eastern Mediterranean countries. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 60, 310-315 (2007
49. Daghistani, H. I., Issa, A. A., Shehabi, A. A. : Frequency of nasal and wound isolates of Staphylococcus aureus associated with TSST-1 production in Jordanian population. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbio. 27, 95-98 (2000 (Pubitemid 30047085)
50. Lee, A. S., Huttner, B., Harbarth, S. : Control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 25, 155-179 (2011
51. Cunha, B. A., Thekkel, V., Schoch, P., Cosgrove, L. : Clinical and cost ineffectiveness of preoperative screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and intranasal mupirocin in preventing methicillin-resistant S aureus infections in cardiothoracic surgery. Am. J. Infect. Control. 39, 243-246 (2011
52. Oommen, S. K., Appalaraju, B., Jinsha, K. : Mupirocin resistance in clinical isolates of staphylococci in a tertiary care centre in south India. Indian J. Med. Microbiol. 28, 372-375 (2010
53. Mongkolrattanothai, K., Pumfrey, L., Mankin, P., G.ray, B. M. : Acquisition of high-level mupirocin resistance and its fitness cost among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains with low-level mupirocin resistance. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47, 4158-4160 (2009
54. Kresken, M., Hafner, D., Schmitz, F. J., Wichelhaus, T. A., Paul-Ehrlich-Society for Chemotherapy: Prevalence of mupirocin resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epiDermidis: Results of the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Study of the Paul-Ehrlich-Society for Chemotherapy 2001. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 23, 577-581 (2004 (Pubitemid 38759673)
55. Schmitz, F. J., Lindenlauf, E., Hofmann, B., Fluit, A. C., Verhoef, J., Heinz, H. P. et al. : The prevalence of low- and high-level mupirocin resistance in staphylococci from 19 European hospitals. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 42, 489-495 (1998 (Pubitemid 28473009)
56. Henkel, T., Finlay, J. : Emergence of resistance during mupirocin treatment: is it a problem in clinical practice? J. Chemother. 11, 331-337 (1999 (Pubitemid 29519205)
57. Harbarth, S., Dharan, S., Liassine, N., Herrault, P., Auckenthaler, R., Pittet, D. : Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy of mupirocin for eradicating carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 1412-1416 (1999 (Pubitemid 29259335)
58. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Seventeenth informational supplement. M100-S17. CLSI, Wayne, PA, 2007.
59. De Oliveira, N. E., Cardozo, A. P., Marques Ede, A., dos Santos, K. R., G.iambiagi-deMarval, M. : Interpretive criteria to differentiate low- and high-level mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Med. Microbiol. 56, 937-939 (2007 (Pubitemid 47047487)
60. Finlay, J. E., Miller, L. A, Poupard, J. A. : Interpretive criteria for testing susceptibility of staphylococci to mupirocin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41, 1137-1139 (1997 (Pubitemid 27194199)
61. Legakis, N. J., Tzouvelekis, L. S., Maniatis, N., Aqel, A. : Mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from G.reek hospitals. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 18, 407-408 (2001 (Pubitemid 33016359)
62. Skov, R., Frimodt-Møller, N., Espersen, F. : Correlation of MIC methods and tentative interpretive criteria for disk diffusion susceptibility testing using NCCLS methodology for fusidic acid. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 40, 111-116 (2001 (Pubitemid 32735548)
63. G.ilbart, J., Perry, C. R., Slocombe, B. : High-level mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: Evidence for two distinct isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37, 32-38 (1993 (Pubitemid 23019165)
64. Leski, T. A., G.niadkowski, M., Skoczymska, A., Stefaniuk, E., Trzcimski, K., Hryniewicz, W. : Outbreak of mupirocin-resistant staphylococci in a hospital in Warsaw, Poland, due to plasmid transmission and clonal spread of several strains. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 2781-2788 (1999 (Pubitemid 29391887)
65. Petinaki, E., Miriagou, V., Tzouvelekis, L. S., Pournaras, S., Hatzi, F., Kontos, F. et al., Bacterial Resistance Study G.roup of Thessaly: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the hospitals of central G.reece. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 18, 61-65 (2001 (Pubitemid 32703868)
66. Udo, E. E., Jacob, L. E., Mathew, B. : G.enetic analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus expressing high- and low-level mupirocin resistance. J. Med. Microbiol. 50, 909-915 (2001 (Pubitemid 32905220)
67. Versalovic, J., Koeuth, T., Lupski, J. R. : Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in eubacteria and application to fingerprinting of bacterial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 19, 6823-6831 (1991 (Pubitemid 21913121)
68. Cadilla, A., David, M. Z., Daum, R. S., Boyle-Vavra, S. : Association of high-level mupirocin resistance and multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at an academic center in the midwestern United States. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49, 95-100 (2011
69. Lim, K. T., Hanifah, Y. A., Mohd, M. Y., Thong, K. L. : Prevalence of mupirocin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from a Malaysian hospital. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 63, 286-289 (2010
70. Leibowitz, M. P., Zilberg, D. : Tetrahymena sp. infection in guppies, Poecilia reticulata Peters: characterization and pathology of infected fish. J. Fish Dis. 32, 845-855 (2009
71. Noga, E. J. : Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment. Iowa State Univ Press, 2000.
72. Csaba, G., Lantos, T. : Effect of hormones on Protozoa. Studies on the phagocytotic effect of histamine 5-hydroxytryptamine and indoleacetic acid in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Cytobiologie 7, 361-365 (1973
73. Csaba, G., Lantos, T. : Effect of insulin on the glucose uptake of Protozoa. Experientia 31, 1097-1098 (1975
74. Csaba, G. : Phylogeny and ontogeny of hormone receptors: The selection theory of receptor formation and hormonal imprinting. Biol. Rev. 55, 47-63 (1980
75. Csaba, G. : The unicellular Tetrahymena as a model cell for receptor research. Intl. Rev. Cytol. 95, 327-377 (1985 (Pubitemid 16237912)
76. LeRoith, D., Shiloach, J., Roth, J., Lesniak, M. A. : Evolutionary origins of vertebrate hormones: Substances similar to mammalian insulin are native to unicellular eukaryotes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 6184-6188 (1981 (Pubitemid 11206367)
77. LeRoith, D., Liotta, A. S., Roth, J., Shiloach, J., Levis, M. E., Pert, C. B. : ACTH and beta endorphin-like materials are native to unicellular organisms. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 2086-2090 (1982 (Pubitemid 12120802)
78. LeRoith, D., Shiloach, J., Berelowitz, M., Frohman, L. A., Krieger, D. T., Roth, J. : Are messenger molecules in microbes the ancestors of the vertebrate hormones and tissue factors? Fed. Proc. 42, 2602-2607 (1983 (Pubitemid 13040975)
79. Kovács, P., Csaba, G. : Involvement of the phosphoinositol (PI) system in the mechanism of hormonal imprinting. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Com. 170, 119-126 (1990 (Pubitemid 20249393)
80. Christensen, S. T. : Insulin rescues the unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena from dying in a complete, synthetic nutrient medium. Cell Biol. Int. 17, 833-837 (1993 (Pubitemid 23297448)
81. Lin Der, J. U., Schultz, J. E. : Guanylyl cyclases in unicellular organisms. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 230, 149-158 (2002
82. Christopher, G. K., SunDermann, C. H. : Isolation and partial characterisation of the insulin binding site of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Com. 212, 515-523 (1995
83. Zipser, B., Ruff, M. R., O'Neill, J. B., Smith, C. C., Higgins, W. J., Pert, C, B. : The opiate receptor: a single 110 kDa recognition molecule appears to be conserved in Tetrahymena, leech and rat. Brain Res. 1463, 296-304 (1988
84. Leick, V., Bog-Hansen, T. C., Juhl, H. A. : Insulin/FGF-binding ciliary membrane glycoprotein from Tetrahymena. J. Membr. Biol. 181, 47-55 (2001
85. Christensen, S. T., G.uerra, C. F., Awan, A., Wheatley, D. N., Satir, P. : Insulin receptor-like proteins in Tetrahymena thermophila ciliary membranes. Curr. Biol. 13, R50-52 (2003 (Pubitemid 36154326)
86. Avides Mdo, C., Moradas-Ferreira, P., Rodrigues-Pousada, C. : Properties and partial characterization of the heat-shock factor from Tetrahymena pyriformis. Eur. J. Biochem. 194, 331-336 (1990
87. Amaral, M. D., G.alego, L., Rodrigues-Pousada, C. : Stress response of Tetrahymena pyriformis to arsenite and heat shock: Differences and similarities. Eur. J. Biochem. 171, 463-470 (1988
88. G.alego, L., Barahona, I., Rodrigues-Pousada, C. : Response of Tetrahymena pyriformis induced by starvation. Eur. J. Biochem. 139, 163-171 (1984
89. Galego, L., Rodrigues-Pousada, C. : Regulation of gene expression in Tetrahymena pyriformis under heat-shock and during recovery. Eur. J. Biochem. 149, 571-578 (1985 (Pubitemid 15068159)
90. Guttman, S. D., G.lover, C. V., Allis, C. D., G.orovsky, M. A. : Heat-shock, deciliation and release from anoxia induce the synthesis of the same set of polypeptides in starved T pyriformis. Cell 22, 299-307 (1980 (Pubitemid 11226451)
91. Glover, C. V., Vavra, K. J., G.uttman, S. D., G.orovsky, M. A. : Heat shock and deciliation induce phosphorylation of histone H1 in T. pyriformis. Cell 23, 73-76 (1981
92. Csaba, G., Kovács, P., Pállinger É. : Increased hormone levels in Tetrahymena after long-lasting starvation. Cell Biol. Int. 31, 924-928 (2007 (Pubitemid 46819063)
93. Csaba, G., Pállinger É. : A general response to stressors by the unicellular Tetrahymena: Effect of stress on the hormone levels. Cell Biochem. Funct. 26, 797-800 (2008
94. Csaba, G., Pállinger É. : Effect of stress and stress hormones on the hormone (insulin) binding of Tetrahymena. Cell Biochem. Funct. 27, 448-451 (2009
95. Csaba, G., Pállinger É. : How applicable is the general adaptation syndrome to the unicellular Tetrahymena? Cell Biochem. Funct. 27, 12-15 (2009
96. Csaba, G., Kovács, P., Pállinger É. : Comparison of the insulin binding, uptake and endogeneous insulin content in long- and short-term starvation in Tetrahymena. Cell Biochem. Funct. 26, 64-69 (2008 (Pubitemid 351155269)
97. Csaba, G. : Hormonal imprinting: Its role during the evolution and development of hormones and receptors. Cell iol. Int. 24, 407-414 (2000
98. Csaba, G. : Hormonal imprinting: Phylogeny, ontogeny, diseases and possible role in present-day human evolution. Cell Biochem. Funct. 26, 1-10 (2007 (Pubitemid 351155262)
99. Christensen, S. T., Quie, H., Kemp, K., Rasmussen, L. : Insulin produces a biphasic response in Tetrahymena thermophila by stimulating cell survival and activating proliferation in two separate concentration intervals. Cell Biol. Int. 20, 437-444 (1996 (Pubitemid 26341196)
100. Usenko, E. V., Bozkhov, A. I., Kallman, P. A. : The effect of copper and insulin on nucleic acid and protein synthesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis cells unDer different functional conditions. Nauch. Dok. Viss. Shk. Biol. Nauki 12, 34-42 (1991
101. Hellung-Larsen, P., Lyhne, I. : Certain fatty acids and steroids protect Tetrahymena from cell division stress caused by shaking. Microbios 75, 241-247 (1993
102. Nakashima, S., Nozawa, Y. : Stress-responsive gene expression in Tetrahymena. Acta Biol. Hung. 50, 413-424 (1999 (Pubitemid 30146807)
103. Prescott, D. M. : Variations in the individual generation times of Tetrahymena G.elei HS. Exp. Cell Res. 16, 279-284 (1959
104. Scherbaum, O. : Studies on the mechanism of synchronous cell division in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Expl. Cell Res. 13, 11-23 (1957
105. Selye, H. : A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature 138, 32 (1936
106. Berczi, I. : The stress concept and neuroimmunoregulation in moDern biology. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 30, 3-12 (1998 (Pubitemid 28370356)
107. Lacey, N., Kabanagh, K., Tseng, S. C. G. : UnDer the lash: Demodex mites in human diseases. Biochem. (Lond) 31, 2-6 (2009
108. Karincaoglu, Y., Bayram, N., Aycan, O., Esrefoglu, M. : The clinical importance of Demodex folliculorum presenting with nonspecific facial signs and symptoms. J. Dermatol. 31, 618-626 (2004 (Pubitemid 39243784)
109. Ruftli, T., Mumcuoglu, Y. : The hair follicle mites Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis: biology and medical importance. A review. Dermatologica 162, 1-11 (1981 (Pubitemid 11154578)
110. Baima, B., Sticherling, M. : Demodicidosis revisited. Acta Derm. Venereol. 82, 3-6 (2002
111. Pena, G. P., Andrade Filho, J. S. : Is Demodex really non-pathogenic? Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo 42, 171-173 (2000
112. G.autier, C., Botterel, F., Bourée, P. : Le Demodex: Commensal ou pathogène. Rev. Franc. Lab. 23-25 (2001
113. Hay, R. : Demodex and skin infection: Fact or fiction. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 23, 103-105 (2010
114. Lacey, N., Ní Raghallaigh, S., Powell, F. C. : Demodex mites - Commensals, parasites of mutualistic organisms? Dermatology 222, 128-130 (2011
115. Liu, J., Sheha, H., Tseng, S. C. G. : Pathogenic role of Demodex mites in blepharitis. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 10, 505-510 (2010
116. Czepita, D., Kuzna-Grygiel, W., Kosik-Bogacha, D. : Demodex as an etiological factor in chronic blepharitis (in Polish with English abstract)Klin. Oczna. 107, 722-724 (2005 (Pubitemid 44850276)
117. Czepita, D., Kuzna-Grygiel, W., Czepita, M., G.robelny, A. : Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis as a cause of chronic marginal blepharitis. Ann. Acad. Med. Stetin 53, 63-67 (2007
118. Lee, S. H., Chun, Y. S., Kim, J. H., Kim, E. S., Kim, J. C. : The relationship between Demodex and ocular discomphort. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51, 2906-2911 (2010
119. Zhao, Y. E., Wu L. P., Peng, Y., Cheng, H. : Retrospective analysis of the association between Demodex infestation and rosacea. Arch. Dermatol. 146, 896-902 (2010
120. Elston, D. M. : Demodex mites: Facts and controversies. Clin. Dermatol. 28, 502-504 (2010
121. Apkin, U., Sec̃kin, D. : Comparison of the two techniques for measurement of the density of Demodex folliculorum: standardized skin surface biopsy and direct microscopic examination. Br. J. Dermatol. 162, 1124-1126 (2010
122. Segal, R., Mimouni, D., Feuerman, H., Pagovitz, O., David, M. : Dermoscopy as a diagnostic tool in demodicidosis. Int. J. Dermatol. 49, 1018-1023 (2010
123. Kojima, T., Ishida, R., Sato, E. A., Kawakita, T., Ibrahim, O. M., Matsumoto, Y., Kaido, M., Dogru, M., Tsubota, K. : In vivo evaluation of ocular demodicosis using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52, 565-569 (2011
124. Ravera, I., Altet, L., Francino, O., Bardagí, M., Sánchez, A., Ferrer, L. : Development of a real-time PCR to detect Demodex canis DNA in different tissue samples. Parasitol. Res. 108, 305-308 (2011
125. G.odínez Hana, A. L., Medina de la G.arza, C. E., Velázquez Arenas, L., G.arcía G.uerrero, C. J., G.onzález G.onzález, S. E. : Prevalencia de los ácaros Demodex folliculorum y Demodex brevis en una población mexicana. Med. Universitaria 6, 96-100 (2004
126. Horváth, A., Neubrandt, D. M., G.hidán, A., Nagy, K. : Risk factors and prevalence of Demodex mites in young adults. Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hung. 58, 145-155 (2011
127. Aycan, O. M., Otlu, G. H., Karaman, U., Daldal, N., Atambay, M. : Frequency of the appearance of Demodex sp. in various patient and age groups. Turkiye Parazitol. Derg. 31, 115-118 (2007
128. Marrakchi, S., Maibach, H. I. : Biophysical parameters of skin: Map of human face, regional, and age-related differences. Contact Dermatitis 57, 28-34 (2007 (Pubitemid 46944437)
129. Zhao, Y. E., G.uo, N., Wu, L. P. : The effect of temperature on the viability of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. Parasitol. Res. 105, 1623-1628 (2009
130. Koch, S., Hufnagel, M., Theilacker, Ch., Huebner, J. : Enterococcal infections: Host response, therapeutic, and prophylactic possibilities. Vaccine 22, 822-830 (2004 (Pubitemid 38177382)
131. Garth, A. J., Swogger, E., Wolcott, R., deLancey Pulcini, E., Secor, P., Sestrich, J., Costerton, J. W., Stewart, P. S. : Biofilms in chronic wounds. Wound Rep. Reg. 16, 37-44 (2008)
132. Owens, C. D., Stoessel, K. : Surgical site infections: Epidemiology, microbiology and prevention. J. Hosp. Infect. 70, 3-10 (2008
133. Mongram, A. J., Horan, T. C., Pearson, M. L., Silver, L. C., Jarvis, W. R. : G.uideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Am. J. Infect. Control. 27, 97-132 (1999
134. Roumbelaki, M., Evangelos, R. N., Kritsotakis, I., Tsioutis, C., Tzilepi, P., G.ikas, A. : Surveillance of surgical site infections at a tertiary care hospital in G.reece: Incidence, risk factors, microbiology and impact. AJIC 36, 732-738 (2008)
135. Jodra, V. M., Diaz-Agero Perez, C., Sainz de Los Terreros Soler, L., Saa Requejo, C. M., Dacosta Ballesteros D and Quality Control Indicator Working G.roup: Results of the Span-ish national nosocomial infections surveillance network (VICONOS) for surgery patients from January 1997 through December 2003. Am. J. Infect. Control 34, 134-141 (2006
136. Yerushalmy, A., Reches, A., Lessing, J. B., Schechner, V., Carmeli, Y., G.risaru, D. : Characteristics of microorganisms cultured from infected wounds post hysterectomy. Eur. J. Obstet. G.ynecol. Rep. Biol. 141, 169-172 (2008
137. Fabretti, F., Huebner, J. : Implant infections due to enterococci: Role of capsular polysaccharides and biofilm. Int. J. Artificial Organs 28, 1079-1090 (2005 (Pubitemid 43085401)
138. Toledo-Arana, A., Valle, J., Solano, C., Arrizubieta, M. J., Cucarella, C., Lamata, M. et al. : The enterococcal surface protein, Esp, is involved in Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 67, 4538-4545 (2001 (Pubitemid 33646082)
139. Dworniczek, E., Kuzko, K., Mróz, E., Wojciech, L., Adamski, R., Sobieszczamska, B., Seniuk, A. : Virulence factors and in vitro adherence of Enterococcus strains to urinary catheters. Folia Microbiol. 48, 671-678 (2003 (Pubitemid 38038833)
140. Dworniczek, E., Wojciech L, Sobieszczamska, B., Seniuk, A. : Virulence of Enterococcus isolates collected in Lower Silesia (Poland)Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 37, 630-636 (2005 (Pubitemid 41358569)
141. Eaton, T. J., G.ason, M. J. : Molecular screening of Enterococcus virulence determinants and potential for genetic exchange between food and medical isolates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67, 1628-1635 (2001 (Pubitemid 33644933)
142. CLSI: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; sixteen informational supplement, M100-S16. CLSI, Wayne, PA, 2006.
143. Kristich, Ch. J., Li, Y. H., Cvitkovitch, D. G., Dunny, G. M. : Esp-independent biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis. J. Bacteriol. 186, 154-163 (2004 (Pubitemid 38020297)
144. Mohamed, J. A., Huang, D. B. : Biofilm formation by enterococci. J. Med. Microbial. 56, 1581-1588 (2007 (Pubitemid 350276505)
145. Mohamed, J. A., Murray, B. E. : Lack of correlation of gelatinase production and biofilm formation in a large collection of Enterococcus faecalis isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 5405-5407 (2005 (Pubitemid 41484075)
146. Coque, T. M., Patterson, J. M., Steckelberg, J. M., Murray, B. E. : Incidence of hemolysin, gelatinase, and aggregatin substance among enterococci isolated from feces of hospitalized and community-based persons. J. Infect. Dis. 171, 1223-1229 (1995
147. Coburn, P. S., G.ilmore, M. S. : The Enterococcus faecalis cytolysin: A novel toxin active against eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Cell Microbiol. 5, 661-669 (2003 (Pubitemid 37185043)
148. Dunny, G. M., Leonard, B. A., Hedberg, P. J. : Pheromone-inducible conjugation in Enterococcus faecalis: Interbacterial and host-parasite chemical communication. J. Bacteriol. 177, 871-876 (1995
149. Pittet, D., Tarara, D., Wenzel, R. P. : Nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill patient. Excess length stay, extra cost, and attributable mortality. JAMA 271, 1598-1601 (1994
150. Valles, J., Leon, C., Alvarez-Lerma, F. : Related Nosocomial bacteremia in critically ill patients: A multicenter study evaluating epidemiology and prognosis. Spanish Collaborative G.roup for Infections in Intensive Care Units of Sociedad Espanola de Medicina Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias (SEMIUC)Clin. Infect. Dis. 24, 387-395 (1997
151. Richards, M. J., Edwards, J. R., Culver, D. H., G.aynes, R. P. : Nosocomial infections in combined medical-surgical intensive care units in the United States. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 21, 510-515 (2000 (Pubitemid 30647154)
152. Kollef, M. H., Sharpless, L., Vlasnik, J., Pasque, C., Murphy, D., Fraser, V. J. : The impact of nosocomial infections on patient outcomes following cardiac surgery. Chest 112, 666-675 (1997 (Pubitemid 27410702)
153. Michalopoulos, A., Stavridis, G., G.eroulanos, S. : Severe sepsis in cardiac surgical patients. ur. J. Surg. 164, 217-222 (1998 (Pubitemid 28155477)
154. Levy, I., Ovadia, B., Erez, E., Rinat, S., Ashkenazi, S., Birk, E., Konisberger, H., Vidne, B., Dagan, O. : Nosocomial infections after cardiac surgery in infants and children: incidence and risk factors. J. Hosp. Infect. 53, 111-116 (2003 (Pubitemid 38002067)
155. Michalopoulos, A., G.eroulanos, S., Rosmarakis, E. S., Falagas, M. E. : Frequency, characteristics, and predictors of microbiologically documented
156. Levy, M. M., Fink, M. P., Marshall, J. C., Abraham, E., Angus, D., Cook, D., Cohen, J., Opal, S. M., Vincent, J. L., Ramsay, G. : 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP /ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit. Care Med. 31, 1250-1256 (2003
157. G.oldstein, B., G.iroir, B., Randolph, A. : International Consensus Conference on Pediatric Sepsis. International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: Definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics. Pediatr. Crit. Care Med. 6, 2-8 (2005
158. Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., Zimmerman, J. E. : APACHE II: A severity of isease classification system. Crit. Care Med. 13, 818-829 (1985 (Pubitemid 15250137)
159. Pollack, M. R., Ruttimann, U. E., G.etson, P. R. : Pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) score. Crit. Care Med. 16, 1110-1116 (1988 (Pubitemid 18267293)
160. Weinstein, M. P., Towns, M. L., Quartey, S. M., Mirrett, S., Reimer, L. G., Parmigiani, G., Reller, L. B. : The clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the 1990s: A prospective comprehensive evaluation of the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24, 584-602 (1997 (Pubitemid 27143552)
161. G.ordon, S. M., Serkey, J. M., Keys, T. F., Ryan, T., Fatica, C. A., Schmitt, S. K., Borsch, J. A., Cosgrove, D. M., Yared, J. P. : Secular trends in nosocomial bloodstream infections in 55-bed cardiothoracic intensive care unit. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 65, 95-100 (1998 (Pubitemid 28105877)
162. Wisplinghoff, H., Bischoff, T., Tallent, S. M., Seifert, H., Wenzel, R. P., Edmond, M. B. : Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: Analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 39, 309-317 (2004 (Pubitemid 39050477)
163. Panceri, M. L., Vegni, F. E., G.oglio, A., Manisco, A., Tambini, R., Lizioli, A., Porretta, A D., Privitera, G. : Aetiology and prognosis of bacteremia in Italy. Epidemiol. Infect. 132, 647-654 (2004
164. Khuri-Bulos, N. A., Shennak, M., Agabi, S., Saleh, S., Al Rawashdeh, S., Al G.hanem, S., Al Adham, M., Faori, I., Abu KhaDer, I. : Nosocomial infections in the intensive care units at a university hospital in a developing country: comparison with National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance intensive care unit rates. Am. J. Infect. Control 27, 547-552 (1999
165. O'Grady, N. P., AlexanDer, M., Dellinger, E. P., G.erberding, J. L., Heard, S. O., Maki, D. G., Masur, H., McCormick, R. D., Mermel, L. A., Pearson, M. L., Raad, I. I., Randolph, A., Weinstein, R. A. : Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. G.uidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 23, 759-769 (2002 (Pubitemid 36020215)
166. Karchmer, A. W. : Nosocomial bloodstream infections: Organisms, risk factors, and implications. Clin. Infect. Dis. 31, S319-343 (2000
167. Laupland, K. B., Kirkpatrick, A. W., Church, D. L., Ross, T., G.regson, D. B. : Intensive- care-unit-acquired bloodstream infections in a regional critically ill population. J. Hosp. Infect. 58, 137-145 (2004 (Pubitemid 39317884)
168. Ronveaux, O., Jans, B., Suetens, C., Carsauw, H. : Epidemiology of nosocomial bloodstream infections in Belgium, 1992-1996. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 17, 695-700 (1998 (Pubitemid 29218991)
169. Fluit, A. C., Schmitz, F. J., Verhoef, J. and the European SENTRY Participant G.roup: Frequency of isolation of pathogens from bloodstream, nosocomial pneumonia, skin and soft tissue, and urinary tract infections occurring in European patients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 20, 188-191 (2001 (Pubitemid 32375131)
170. Biedenbach, D. J., Moet, G. J., Jones, R. N. : Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance pattern comparisons among bloodstream infection isolates from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2002)Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 50, 59-69 (2004 (Pubitemid 39360263)
171. DiGiovine, B., Chenoweth, C., Watts, C., Higgins, M. : The attributable mortality and costs of primary nosocomial bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 160, 976-981 (1999 (Pubitemid 29442039)
172. Pittet, D., Wenzel, R. P. : Nosocomial bloodstream infections. Secular trends in rates, mortality, and contribution to total hospital deaths. Arch. Intern. Med. 155, 1177-1184 (1995
173. Chaiyakunapruk, N., Veenstra, D. L., Lipsky, B. A., Saint, S. : Chlorhexidine compared with povidone-iodine solution for vascular catheter-site care: A meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 136, 792-801 (2002 (Pubitemid 34568649)
174. Crnich, C., Maki, D. : Are antimicrobial-impregnated catheters effective? When does repetition reach the point of exhaustion? Clin. Infect. Dis. 41, 681-685 (2005 (Pubitemid 41170357)
175. Veenstra, D. L., Saint, S., Saha, S., Lumley, T., Sullivan, S. D. : Efficacy of antiseptic-impregnated central venous catheters in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infection: A meta-analysis. JAMA 281, 261-267 (1999 (Pubitemid 29058116)
176. Mermel, L. A. : Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Ann. Intern. Med. 132, 391-402 (2000 (Pubitemid 30127778)
177. Haley, R. W., Culver, D. H., White, J. W., Emori, T. G., Hooton, T. M. : The efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs in preventing nosocomial infections in US hospitals. Am. J. Epidemiol. 121, 182-205 (1985 (Pubitemid 15158531)
178. Jacques, J., Moret, H., Minette, D., Lévêque, N., Jovenin, N., Deslée, G., Lebargy, F., Motte, J. : Epidemiological, molecular, and clinical features of enterovirus respiratory infections in French children between 1999 and 2005. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46, 206-213 (2008
179. Pallansch, M., Roos, R. : Enteroviruses: Polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses. In Knipe, D. M., Howley, P. M., G.riffin, D. E., Lamb, R. A., Martin, M. A., Roizman, B., Straus, S. E. (eds), Fields Virology, 5th Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2007, pp. 839-893.
180. Romero, J. R. : Enteroviruses. In Richman, D. D., Whitley, R. J., Hayden, F. G. (eds), Clinical Virology, 3rd Edition, ASM Press, Washington, DC, 2009, pp. 1031-1061.
181. Oberste, M. S., Maher, K., Kilpatrick, D. R., Pallansch, M. A. : Molecular evolution of the human enteroviruses: correlation of serotype with VP1 sequence and application to picornavirus classification. J. Virol. 73, 1941-1948 (1999 (Pubitemid 29098095)
182. Tapparel, C., Junier, T., G.erlach, D., Van-Belle, S., Turin, L., Cordey, S., Mühlemann, K., Regamey, N., Aubert, J. D., Soccal, P. M., Eigenmann, P., Zdobnov, E., Kaiseret, L. : New respiratory enterovirus and recombinant rhinoviruses among circulating picornaviruses. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15, 719-726 (2009
183. Yozwiak, N. L., Skewes-Cox, P., G.ordon, A., Saborio, S., Kuan, G., Balmaseda, A., G.anem, D., Harris, E., Derisis, J. L. : Human enterovirus 109: a novel interspecies recombinant enterovirus isolated from a case of acute pediatric respiratory illness in Nicaragua. J. Virol. 84, 9047-9058 (2010
184. Pankovics, P., Szabó, H., Székely, G.y., G.yurkovits, K., Reuter, G. : Detection and molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus type A and B strains in childhood respiratory infections in Hungary (in Hungarian)Orv. Hetil. 150, 121-127 (2009
185. Reuter, G., Szabó, H., Székely, G.y., G.yurkovits, K., Szûcs, G.y. : First detection of human metapneumovirus in a child with respiratory syndrome in Hungary (in Hungarian)Orv. Hetil. 147, 2299-2302 (2006 (Pubitemid 47470579)
186. Burián, Zs., Szabó, H., Székely, G.y., G.yurkovits, K., Pankovics, P., Farkas, T., Reuter, G. : Detection and follow-up of torque teno midi virus (small anelloviruses) in nasopharyngeal aspirates and three other human body fluids in children. Arch. Virol. 156, 1537-1541 (2011
187. Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., Kumar, S. : MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28, 2731-2739 (2011