Pathogenic role of Demodex mites in blepharitis

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 10, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 505-510

  Liu, Jingbo ^a,b   Sheha, Hosam ^a   Tseng, Scheffer C G ^a  

^a OCULAR SURFACE CENTER   (United States)

^b WENZHOU MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Blepharitis; Demodex mites; meibomian gland dysfunction; ocular surface inflammation; tea tree oil

Indexed keywords

TEA TREE OIL;

BLEPHARITIS; DEMODEX; DRUG EFFICACY; EYELASH; HUMAN; INFESTATION; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; MEIBOMIAN GLAND; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; BLEPHARITIS; CONJUNCTIVA; EYELASHES; HUMANS; HYPERSENSITIVITY, DELAYED; INFLAMMATION; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; MEIBOMIAN GLANDS; MITE INFESTATIONS; MITES; TEA TREE OIL;

EID: 77956267239     PISSN: 15284050     EISSN: 14736322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32833df9f4     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. PostCF, Juhlin E. Demodex folliculorum and blepharitis. Arch Dermatol 1963; 88:298-302.
2. Basta-Juzbasic A, Subic JS, Ljubojevic S. Demodex folliculorum in development of dermatitis rosaceiformissteroidicaand rosacea-related diseases. Clin Dermatol 2002; 20:135-140.
3. Erbagci Z, Ozgoztasi O. The significance of Demodex folliculorum density in rosacea. Int J Dermatol 1998; 37:421-425.
4. Forton F, Germaux MA, Brasseur T, et al. Demodicosis and rosacea: epidemiology and significance in daily dermatologic practice. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52:74-87.
5. Georgala S, Katoulis AC, Kylafis GD, et al. Increased density of Demodex folliculorum and evidence of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in subjects with papulopustular rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001; 15:441-444.
6. Morras PG, Santos SP, Imedio IL, et al. Rosacea-like demodicidosis in an immunocompromised child. Pediatr Dermatol 2003; 20:28-30.
7. Erbagci Z, Erbagci I, Erkilic S. High incidence of demodicidosis in eyelid basal cell carcinomas. Int J Dermatol 2003; 42:567-571.
8. Kamoun B, Fourati M, Feki J, et al. Blepharitis due to Demodex: myth or reality? J Fr Ophtalmol 1999; 22:525-527.
9. Humiczewska M. Demodex folliculorum and Demodexbrevis (Acarida) as the factors of chronic marginal blepharitis. Wiad Parazytol 1991; 37:127-130.
10. Coston TO. Demodex folliculorum blepharitis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1967; 65:361-392.
11. Heacock CE. Clinical manifestations of demodicosis. J Am Optom Assoc 1986; 57:914-919.
12. Rufli T, Mumcuoglu Y. The hair follicle mites Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis: biology and medical importance: a review. Dermatologica 1981; 162:1-11.
13. Li J, O'Reilly N, Sheha H, et al. Correlation between ocular Demodex infestation and serum immunoreactivity to bacillus proteins in patients with facial rosacea. Ophthalmology 2010; 117:870-877.
14. Shedding light on a novel diagnostic technique. Wilkin JK. Oral thermal-induced flushing in erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. J Invest Dermatol 1981; 76:15-18.
15. Bernstein JE. Rosacea flushing. Int J Dermatol 1982; 21:24.
16. Kulac M, Ciftci IH, Karaca S, Cetinkaya Z. Clinical importance of Demodex folliculorum in patients receiving phototherapy. Int J Dermatol 2008; 47:72-77.
17. Gao Y-Y, Di Pascuale MA, Li W, et al. High prevalence of ocular Demodex in lashes with cylindrical dandruffs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:3089-3094.
18. Bevins CL, Liu FT. Rosacea: skin innate immunity gone awry? Nat Med 2007; 13:904-906.
19. Gao YY, Di Pascuale MA, Elizondo A, Tseng SC. Clinical treatment of ocular demodecosis by lid scrub with tea tree oil. Cornea 2007; 26:136-143.
20. English FP, Cohn D, Groeneveld ER. Demodectic mites and chalazion. Am J Ophthalmol 1985; 100:482-483.
21. Koksal M, Kargi S, Taysi BN, Ugurbas SH. A rare agent of chalazion: demodectic mites. Can J Ophthalmol 2003; 38:605-606.
22. Wolf R, Ophir J, Avigad J, et al. The hair follicle mites (Demodex spp.). Could they be vectors of pathogenic microorganisms? Acta Derm Venereol 1988; 68:535-537.
23. Lacey N, Delaney S, Kavanagh K, Powell FC. Mite-related bacterial antigens stimulate inflammatory cells in rosacea. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:474-481.
24. Goto E, Tseng SC. Kinetic analysis of tear interference images in aqueous tear deficiency dry eye before and after punctal occlusion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44:1897-1905.
25. Kheirkhah A, Casas V, Li W, et al. Corneal manifestations of ocular Demodex infestation. Am J Ophthalmol 2007; 143:743-749.
26. Turk M, Ozturk I, Sener AG, et al. Comparison of incidence of Demodex folliculorum on the eyelash follicule in normal people and blepharitis patients. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2007; 31:296-297.
27. Liang L, Safran S, Gao Y-Y, et al. Ocular demodicosis as a potential cause of pediatric blepharoconjunctivitis. Cornea (in press).
28. Kheirkhah A, Blanco G, Casas V, Tseng SC. Fluorescein dye improves microscopic evaluation and counting of Demodex in blepharitis with cylindrical dandruff. Cornea 2007; 26:697-700.
29. Gao Y-Y, Di Pascuale MA, Li W, et al. In vitro and in vivo killing of ocular Demodex by tea tree oil. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:1468-1473.
30. Messager S, Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Assessment of the antibacterial activity of tea tree oil using the European EN 1276 and EN 12054 standard suspension tests. J Hosp Infect 2005; 59:113-125.
31. Edwards-Jones V, Buck R, Shawcross SG, et al. The effect of essential oils on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using a dressing model. Burns 2004; 30:772-777.
32. Halcon L, Milkus K. Staphylococcus aureus and wounds: a review of tea tree oil as a promising antimicrobial. Am J Infect Control 2004; 32:402-408.
33. Oliva B, Piccirilli E, Ceddia T, et al. Antimycotic activity of Melaleuca alter-nifolia essential oil and its major components. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003; 37:185-187.
34. Gupta AK, Nicol K, Batra R. Role of antifungal agents in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2004; 5:417-422.
35. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antifungal effects of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and its components on Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 53:1081-1085.
36. Martin KW, Ernst E. Herbal medicines for treatment of fungal infections: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Mycoses 2004; 47:87-92.
37. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 95:853-860.
38. Caldefie-Chezet F, Guerry M, Chalchat JC, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocytes. Free Radic Res 2004; 38:805-811.
39. Carson CF, Riley TV. Safety, efficacy and provenance of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil. Contact Dermatitis 2001; 45:65-67.