Estimating ruminal crude protein degradation of forages using in situ and in vitro techniques

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Volumn 175, Issue 3-4, 2012, Pages 95-105

  Edmunds, B ^a,b   Sudekum K H ^a   Spiekers, H ^b   Schwarz, F J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^b Bavarian State Research Centre for Agriculture (LfL)   (Germany)

^c TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Crude protein fractionation; Forage conservation; Methods; Microbial contamination; Streptomyces griseus protease

Indexed keywords

STREPTOMYCES GRISEUS;

EID: 84863471352     PISSN: 03778401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.04.003     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Praxishandbuch Futterkonservierung. Silagebereitung, Siliermittel, Dosiergeräte, Silofolien 2006, DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. 7th ed. Bundesarbeitskreis Futterkonservierung (Ed.).
2. Coblentz W.K., Abdelgadir I.E.O., Cochran R.C., Fritz J.O., Fick W.H., Olson K.C., Turner J.E. Degradability of forage protein by in situ and in vitro enzymatic methods. J. Dairy Sci. 1999, 82:343-354.
3. Edmunds B., Südekum K.-H., Spiekers H., Schuster M., Schwarz F. Estimating utilisable crude protein at the duodenum, a precursor to metabolisable protein for ruminants, from forages using a modified gas test. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2012, 175:106-113.
4. Elizalde J.C., Merchen N.R., Faulkner D.B. In situ dry matter and crude protein degradation of fresh forages during the spring growth. J. Dairy Sci. 1999, 82:1978-1990.
5. GfE New equations for predicting metabolisable energy of grass and maize products for ruminants. Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol. 2008, 17:191-197.
6. González J., Rodríguez C.A., Andrés S.G., Alvir M.R. Rumen degradability and microbial contamination of fish meal and meat meal measured by the in situ technique. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 1998, 73:71-84.
7. Gosselink J.M.J., Dulphy J.P., Poncet C., Aufrere J., Tamminga S., Cone J.W. Rumen escape nitrogen from forages in sheep: comparison of in situ and in vitro techniques using in vivo data. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2004, 116:35-51.
8. Grabber J.H. Protein fractions in forage legumes containing protein-binding polyphenols: freeze-drying vs. conservation as hay or silage. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2009, 151:324-329.
9. Grabber J.H., Coblentz W.K. Polyphenol, conditioning, and conservation effects on protein fractions and degradability in forage legumes. Crop Sci. 2009, 49:1511-1522.
10. Hvelplund T., Weisbjerg M. In situ techniques for the estimation of protein degradability. Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition 2000, 233-258. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. D. Givens, E. Owen (Eds.).
11. Julier B., Guines F., Emile J.-C., Huyghe C. Variation in protein degradability in dried forage legumes. Anim. Res. 2003, 52:401-412.
12. Kirchhof S. Kinetik des ruminalen in situ-Nährstoffabbaus von Grünlandaufwüchsen des Alpenraumes unterschiedlicher Vegetationsstadien sowie von Maissilagen und Heu - ein Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Rationsgestaltung für Milchkühe. Dissertation, Agrar-und Ernährungswiss. Fak 2007, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany.
13. Kirchhof S., Eisner I., Gierus M., Südekum K.-H. Variation in the contents of crude protein fractions of different forage legumes during the spring growth. Grass Forage Sci. 2010, 65:376-382.
14. Klopfenstein T.J., Mass R.A., Creighton K.W., Patterson H.H. Estimating forage protein degradation in the rumen. J. Anim. Sci. 2001, 79(E. Suppl.):E208-E217.
15. Krawielitzki K., Schmidt T., Voigt J., Kowalczyk J., Gabel M. Dynamics of microbial contamination of protein during ruminal in situ incubation of feedstuffs. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 2006, 15:313-328.
16. Krishnamoorthy U., Sniffen C.J., Stern M.D., Van Soest P.J. Evaluation of a mathematical model of rumen digestion and an in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen-undegraded nitrogen content of feedstuffs. Br. J. Nutr. 1983, 50:555-568.
17. Licitra G., Hernandez T., Van Soest P. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 1996, 57:347-358.
18. Licitra G., Lauria F., Carpino S., Schadt I., Sniffen C., Van Soest P. Improvement of the Streptomyces griceus method for degradable protein in ruminant feed. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 1998, 72:1-10.
19. Licitra G., Van Soest P., Schadt I., Carpino S., Sniffen C. Influence of the concentration of the protease from Streptomyces griseus relative to ruminal protein degradability. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 1999, 77:99-113.
20. Madsen J., Hvelplund T. Prediction of in situ protein degradability in the rumen. Results of a European ringtest. Livest. Prod. Sci. 1994, 39:201-212.
21. Mahadevan S., Erfle J.D., Sauer F.D. Degradation of soluble and insoluble proteins by Bacteroides amylophilus protease and by rumen microorganisms. J. Anim. Sci. 1980, 50:723-728.
22. Marquardt D.W. An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. 1963, 11:431-441.
23. Mass R.A., Lardy G.P., Grant R.J., Klopfenstein T.J. In situ neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen as a method for measuring forage protein degradability. J. Anim. Sci. 1999, 77:1565-1571.
24. Mathis C.P., Cochran R.C., Vanzant E.S., Abdelgadir I.E.O., Heldt J.S., Olson K.C., Johnson D.E., Caton J., Faulkner D.B., Horn G., Paisley S., Mass R., Moore K., Halgerson J. A collaborative study comparing an in situ protocol with single time-point enzyme assays for estimating ruminal protein degradability of different forages. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2001, 93:31-42.
25. McDonald I. A revised model for the estimation of protein degradability in the rumen. J. Agric. Sci. 1981, 96:251.
26. Michalet-Doreau B., Ould-Bah M.Y. In vitro and in sacco methods for the estimation of dietary nitrogen degradability in the rumen: a review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 1992, 40:57-86.
27. NRC Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle 2001, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA. 7th ed.
28. SAS® User's Guide: Statistics. Version 9.1 2002, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
29. Shannak S., Südekum K.-H., Susenbeth A. Estimating ruminal crude protein degradation with in situ and chemical fractionation procedures. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2000, 85:195-214.
30. Schwab C.G., Huhtanen P., Hunt C.W., Hvelplund T. Nitrogen requirements of cattle. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrition of Cattle: Reducing the Environmental Impact of Cattle Operations 2005, 13-70. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK. E. Pfeffer, A. Hristov (Eds.).
31. Sniffen C.J., O'Connor J.D., Van Soest P.J., Fox D.G., Russell J.B. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. J. Anim. Sci. 1992, 70:3562-3577.
32. Stern M.D., Bach A., Calsamiglia S. Alternative techniques for measuring nutrient digestion in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 1997, 75:2256-2276.
33. Tamminga, S., Brandsma, G.G., Dijkstra, J., van Duinkerken, G., van Vuuren, A.M., Blok, M.C., 2007. Protein Evaluation for Ruminants: the DVE/OEB 2007 System, CVB documentation report nr. 53. CVB; Lelystad, The Netherlands.
34. Tedeschi L.O., Pell A.N., Fox D.G., Llames C.R. The amino acid profiles of the whole plant and four plant residues from temperate and tropical forages. J. Anim. Sci. 2001, 79:525-532.
35. DLG-Futterwerttabellen für Wiederkäuer 1997, DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. 7th ed. Universität Hohenheim - Dokumentationsstelle (Ed.).
36. VDLUFA Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten. Handbuch der Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchs- und Untersuchungsmethodik (VDLUFA-Methodenbuch), Bd. III. Die Chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln 2007, VDLUFA-Verlag, Darmstadt, Germany.
37. Volden H.E. NorFor-The Nordic feed evaluation system 2011, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
38. Wulf M., Südekum K.-H. Effects of chemically treated soybeans and expeller rapeseed meal on in vivo and in situ crude fat and crude protein disappearance from the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2005, 118:215-227.
39. Yu P., Christensen D.A., McKinnon J.J., Markert J.D. Effect of variety and maturity stage on chemical composition, carbohydrate and protein subfractions, in vitro rumen degradability and energy values of timothy and alfalfa. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 2003, 83:279-290.
40. Zinn R.A., Owens F.N. A rapid procedure for purine measurement and its use for estimating net ruminal protein synthesis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1986, 66:157-166.