Singlet exciton diffusion length in organic light-emitting diodes

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Volumn 85, Issue 24, 2012, Pages

  Hofmann, Simone ^a   Rosenow, Thomas C ^a,b   Gather, Malte C ^a   Lüssem, Björn ^a   Leo, Karl ^a  

^a DRESDEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b NOVALED GmbH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84863329803     PISSN: 10980121     EISSN: 1550235X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.245209     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Z. B. Wang, M. G. Helander, J. Qiu, D. P. Puzzo, M. T. Greiner, Z. M. Hudson, S. Wang, Z. W. Liu, and Z. H. Lu, Nat. Photonics 1749-4885 10.1038/nphoton.2011.259 5, 753 (2011).
2. S. Reineke, F. Lindner, G. Schwartz, N. Seidler, K. Walzer, B. Lüssem, and K. Leo, Nature (London) NATUAS 0028-0836 10.1038/nature08003 459, 234 (2009).
3. G. Schwartz, M. Pfeiffer, S. Reineke, K. Walzer, and K. Leo, Adv. Mater. ADVMEW 0935-9648 10.1002/adma.200700641 19, 3672 (2007). (Pubitemid 350139174)
4. T. C. Rosenow, M. Furno, S. Reineke, S. Olthof, B. Lüssem, and K. Leo, J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.3516481 108, 113113 (2010).
5. M. A. Baldo, D. F. O'Brien, M. E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, Phys. Rev. B PRBMDO 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.14422 60, 14422 (1999).
6. J. J. M. Halls, K. Pichler, R. H. Friend, S. C. Moratti, and A. B. Holmes, Appl. Phys. Lett. APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.115797 68, 3120 (1996). (Pubitemid 126684227)
7. P. Avakian and R. E. Merrifield, Phys. Rev. Lett. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.541 13, 541 (1964).
8. C. L. Braun, Phys. Rev. Lett. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.21.215 21, 215 (1968).
9. S. D. Babenko, V. A. Benderskii, V. I. Goldanskii, A. G. Lavrushko, and V. P. Tychinskii, Phys. Status Solidi B PSSBBD 0370-1972 10.1002/pssb.2220450109 46, 91 (1971).
10. A. K. Ghosh and T. Feng, J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.324566 49, 5982 (1978). (Pubitemid 9423909)
11. R. Signerski and G. Jarosz, Phot. Lett. Poland 10.4302/plp.2011.3.06 3, 107 (2011).
12. D. Kurrle and J. Pflaum, Appl. Phys. Lett. APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2896654 92, 133306 (2008). (Pubitemid 351483701)
13. S. Banerjee, A. P. Parhi, S. S. K. Iyer, and S. Kumar, Appl. Phys. Lett. APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.3142869 94, 223303 (2009).
14. N. Matsusue, S. Ikame, Y. Suzuki, and H. Naito, J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1929886 97, 123512 (2005). (Pubitemid 40925300)
15. S. Cook, H. Liyuan, A. Furube, and R. Katoh, J. Phys. Chem. C 1932-7447 10.1021/jp101340b 114, 10962 (2010).
16. D. E. Markov, E. Amsterdam, P. W. M. Blom, A. B. Sieval, and J. C. Hummelen, J. Phys. Chem. A JPCAFH 1089-5639 10.1021/jp0509663 109, 5266 (2005).
17. S. Cook, A. Furube, R. Katoh, and L. Han, Chem. Phys. Lett. CHPLBC 0009-2614 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.06.091 478, 33 (2009).
18. A. J. Lewis, A. Ruseckas, O. P. M. Gaudin, G. R. Webster, P. L. Burn, and I. D. W. Samuel, Org. Electron. 1566-1199 10.1016/j.orgel.2006.05.009 7, 452 (2006). (Pubitemid 44751655)
19. H. Gommans, S. Schols, A. Kadashchuk, P. Heremans, and S. C. J. Meskers, J. Phys. Chem. C 1932-7447 10.1021/jp809802q 113, 2974 (2009).
20. A. Holzhey, C. Uhrich, E. Brier, E. Reinhold, P. Bäuerle, K. Leo, and M. Hoffmann, J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.2976317 104, 064510 (2008).
21. J. Kalinowski, V. Fattori, and P. D. Marco, Chem. Phys. CMPHC2 0301-0104 10.1016/S0301-0104(01)00331-7 266, 85 (2001). (Pubitemid 32332066)
22. R. Schüppel, T. Dienel, K. Leo, and M. Hoffmann, J. Lumin. JLUMA8 0022-2313 10.1016/j.jlumin.2004.08.026 110, 309 (2004).
23. R. R. Lunt, N. C. Giebink, A. A. Belak, J. B. Benziger, and S. R. Forrest, J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.3079797 105, 053711 (2009).
24. S. R. Scully and M. D. McGehee, J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.2226687 100, 034907 (2006).
25. J. Wünsche, S. Reineke, B. Lussem, and K. Leo, Phys. Rev. B PRBMDO 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.245201 81, 245201 (2010).
26. M. Lebental, H. Choukri, S. Chenais, S. Forget, A. Siove, B. Geffroy, and E. Tutis, Phys. Rev. B PRBMDO 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.165318 79, 165318 (2009).
27. B. W. D'Andrade, M. E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, Adv. Mater. ADVMEW 0935-9648 10.1002/1521-4095(20020116)14:2〈147::AID-ADMA147〉3.0.CO;2-3 2, 147 (2002).
28. Y. C. Zhou, L. L. Ma, J. Zhou, X. M. Ding, and X. Y. Hou, Phys. Rev. B PRBMDO 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.132202 75, 132202 (2007).
29. C. W. Tang, S. VanSlyke, and C. H. Chen, J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.343409 65, 3610 (1989).
30. H. Choukri, A. Fischer, S. Forget, S. Chénais, M.-C. Castex, D. Adès, A. Siove, and B. Geffroy, Appl. Phys. Lett. APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2382730 89, 183513 (2006). (Pubitemid 44705771)
31. M. Furno, R. Meerheim, S. Hofmann, B. Lussem, and K. Leo, Phys. Rev. B PRBMDO 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.115205 85, 115205 (2012).
32. S. Mladenovski, S. Hofmann, S. Reineke, L. Penninck, T. Verschueren, and K. Neyts, J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.3576114 109, 083114 (2011).
33. M. C. Gather, M. Flämmich, N. Danz, D. Michaelis, and K. Meerholz, Appl. Phys. Lett. APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.3159836 94, 263301 (2009).
34. S. L. M. van Mensfoort, M. Carvelli, M. Megens, D. Wehenkel, M. Bartyzel, H. Greiner, R. A. J. Janssen, and R. Coehoorn, Nat. Photonics 1749-4885 10.1038/nphoton.2010.32 4, 329 (2010).
35. M. Pfeiffer, T. Fritz, J. Blochwitz, A. Nollau, B. Plönnigs, A. Beyer, and K. Leo, Adv. Solid State Phys. 1438-4329 10.1007/BFb0107466 39, 77 (1999).
36. J. Blochwitz, M. Pfeiffer, T. Fritz, and K. Leo, Appl. Phys. Lett. APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.121982 73, 729 (1998). (Pubitemid 128673897)
37. G. Schwartz, S. Reineke, T. C. Rosenow, K. Walzer, and K. Leo, Adv. Funct. Mater. 1616-301X 10.1002/adfm.200801503 19, 1319 (2009).
38. S. Olthof, W. Tress, R. Meerheim, B. Lüssem, and K. Leo, J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.3259436 106, 103711 (2009).
39. Y. Q. Zhang, G. Y. Zhong, and X. A. Cao, J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.3504599 108, 083107 (2010).
40. W. A. Luhman and R. J. Holmes, Appl. Phys. Lett. APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.3120566 94, 153304 (2009).
41. Y. Sun, N. C. Giebink, H. Kanno, B. Ma, M. E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, Nature (London) NATUAS 0028-0836 10.1038/nature04645 440, 908 (2006).
42. M. A. Baldo, M. E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, Pure Appl. Chem. PACHAS 0033-4545 10.1351/pac199971112095 71, 2095 (1999).
43. T. Förster, Ann. Phys. ANPYA2 0003-3804 10.1002/andp.19484370105 6, 55 (1948).
44. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/ PhysRevB.85.245209 for angular dependent emission intenstities, the discussion of the influence of the quenching layer thickness, the dependence of the spectral radiance on the applied current, and the estimation of the error of the singlet diffusion length.
45. R. Meerheim, M. Furno, S. Hofmann, B. Lüssem, and K. Leo, Appl. Phys. Lett. APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.3527936 97, 253305 (2010).
46. C. Adachi, M. A. Baldo, M. E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1409582 90, 5048 (2001).
47. H.-H. Tsai, J.-H. Lee, and M.-K. Leung, Proc. SPIE 10.1117/12.618897 5937, 593722 (2005). (Pubitemid 43176936)