메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 54-62

Dihydrobiopterin (BH2): Key determinant in influencing arginine mediated endothelial tolerance and dysfunction

Author keywords

Arginine; Dihydrobiopterin; eNOS; Super oxide; Tetrahydrobiopterin

Indexed keywords

BINDING STUDIES; BIOPTERIN; CELL EXTRACTS; COFACTORS; DIHYDROBIOPTERIN; ELISA METHODS; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE (ENOS); ENOS; FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE; HPLC METHOD; HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; IN-VITRO; ISOFORMS; KEY DETERMINANTS; L-ARGININE; MOLECULAR LINKS; OXIDATION PRODUCTS; PRODUCT FORMATION; SUPER-OXIDE; TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN;

EID: 84862842924     PISSN: 15533468     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3844/ajbb.2012.54.62     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (3)

References (42)
  • 1
    • 1542283780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by tetrahydrobiopterin in vascular disease
    • DOI: 10.1161/ 01.ATV.0000110785.96039.f6
    • Alp, N.J. and K.M. Channon, 2004. Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by tetrahydrobiopterin in vascular disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 24: 413-420. DOI: 10.1161/ 01.ATV.0000110785.96039.f6
    • (2004) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.24 , pp. 413-420
    • Alp, N.J.1    Channon, K.M.2
  • 2
    • 0034664895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral L-arginine supplementation on exercise-induced QT dispersion and exercise tolerance in stable angina pectoris
    • DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5273(00)00324-7
    • Bednarz, B., R. Wolk, T. Chamiec, K. Herbaczynska-Cedro and D. Winek et al., 2000. Effects of oral L-arginine supplementation on exercise-induced QT dispersion and exercise tolerance in stable angina pectoris. Int. J. Cardiol., 75: 205-210. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5273(00)00324-7
    • (2000) Int. J. Cardiol , vol.75 , pp. 205-210
    • Bednarz, B.1    Wolk, R.2    Chamiec, T.3    Herbaczynska-Cedro, K.4    Winek, D.5
  • 3
    • 2342559944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-arginine supplementation prolongs exercise capacity in congestive heart failure
    • PMID: 15226784
    • Bednarz, B., T. Jaxa-Chamiec, J. Gebalska, K. Herbaczynska-Cedro and L. Ceremuzynski, 2004. L-arginine supplementation prolongs exercise capacity in congestive heart failure. Kardiol. Pol., 60: 348-353. PMID: 15226784
    • (2004) Kardiol. Pol , vol.60 , pp. 348-353
    • Bednarz, B.1    Jaxa-Chamiec, T.2    Gebalska, J.3    Herbaczynska-Cedro, K.4    Ceremuzynski, L.5
  • 5
    • 15044351298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide dynamics and endothelial dysfunction in type II model of genetic diabetes
    • DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.01.014
    • Bitar, M.S., S. Wahid, S. Mustafa, E. Al-Saleh and G.S. Dhaunsi et al., 2005. Nitric oxide dynamics and endothelial dysfunction in type II model of genetic diabetes. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 511: 53-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.01.014
    • (2005) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.511 , pp. 53-64
    • Bitar, M.S.1    Wahid, S.2    Mustafa, S.3    Al-Saleh, E.4    Dhaunsi, G.S.5
  • 6
    • 0037233948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of chronic treatment with L-arginine on atherosclerosis in apoE knockout and apoE/inducible NO synthase double-knockout mice
    • DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000040223.74255.5A
    • Chen, J., P. Kuhlencordt, F. Urano, H. Ichinose and J. Astern et al., 2003. Effects of chronic treatment with L-arginine on atherosclerosis in apoE knockout and apoE/inducible NO synthase double-knockout mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 23: 97-103. DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000040223.74255.5A
    • (2003) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.23 , pp. 97-103
    • Chen, J.1    Kuhlencordt, P.2    Urano, F.3    Ichinose, H.4    Astern, J.5
  • 7
    • 0035806914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folic acid prevents nitroglycerin-induced nitric oxide synthase dysfunction and nitrate tolerance: A human in vivo study
    • Gori, T., J.M. Burstein, S. Ahmed, S.E.S. Miner and A. Al-Hesayen et al., 2001. Folic acid prevents nitroglycerin-induced nitric oxide synthase dysfunction and nitrate tolerance: A human in vivo study. Circulation, 104: 1119-1123.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 1119-1123
    • Gori, T.1    Burstein, J.M.2    Ahmed, S.3    Miner, S.E.S.4    Al-Hesayen, A.5
  • 8
    • 0025943425 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine-activated endothelial cells express an isotype of nitric oxide synthase which is tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent, calmodulin-independent and inhibited by arginine analogs with a rank-order of potency characteristic of activated macrophages
    • DOI: 10.1016/0006-291X(91)90965-A
    • Gross, S.S., E.A. Jaffe, R. Levi and R.G. Kilbourn, 1991. Cytokine-activated endothelial cells express an isotype of nitric oxide synthase which is tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent, calmodulin-independent and inhibited by arginine analogs with a rank-order of potency characteristic of activated macrophages. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 178: 823-829. DOI: 10.1016/0006-291X(91)90965-A
    • (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.178 , pp. 823-829
    • Gross, S.S.1    Jaffe, E.A.2    Levi, R.3    Kilbourn, R.G.4
  • 9
    • 0018632914 scopus 로고
    • Urea cycle operation in the arginine deficient rat
    • DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(79)90001-2
    • Ha, Y.H. and J.A. Milner, 1979. Urea cycle operation in the arginine deficient rat. Biochem. Med., 22: 149-155. DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(79)90001-2
    • (1979) Biochem. Med , vol.22 , pp. 149-155
    • Ha, Y.H.1    Milner, J.A.2
  • 10
    • 0024456023 scopus 로고
    • Determination of quinonoid dihydrobiopterin by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection
    • DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)82658-4
    • Heales, S. and K. Hyland, 1989. Determination of quinonoid dihydrobiopterin by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. J. Chromatography B: Biomed. Sci. Appli., 494: 77-85. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)82658-4
    • (1989) J. Chromatography B: Biomed. Sci. Appli , vol.494 , pp. 77-85
    • Heales, S.1    Hyland, K.2
  • 11
    • 0033752910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation by increasing nitric oxide activity in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus
    • DOI: 10.1007/s001250051551
    • Heitzer, T., K. Krohn, S. Albers and T. Meinertz, 2000. Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation by increasing nitric oxide activity in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia, 43: 1435-1438. DOI: 10.1007/s001250051551
    • (2000) Diabetologia , vol.43 , pp. 1435-1438
    • Heitzer, T.1    Krohn, K.2    Albers, S.3    Meinertz, T.4
  • 12
    • 0036100972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetrahydrobiopterin enhances forearm vascular response to acetylcholine in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals
    • DOI: 10.1016/S0895-7061(01)02317-2
    • Higashi, Y., S. Sasaki, K. Nakagawa, Y. Fukuda and H. Matsuura et al., 2002. Tetrahydrobiopterin enhances forearm vascular response to acetylcholine in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Am. J. Hypertension, 15: 326-332. DOI: 10.1016/S0895-7061(01)02317-2
    • (2002) Am. J. Hypertension , vol.15 , pp. 326-332
    • Higashi, Y.1    Sasaki, S.2    Nakagawa, K.3    Fukuda, Y.4    Matsuura, H.5
  • 13
    • 52449084508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic L-arginine administration increases oxidative and nitrosative stress in rat hyperoxaluric kidneys and excessive crystal deposition
    • DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00405.2007
    • Huang, H.S., M.C. Ma and J. Chen, 2008. Chronic L-arginine administration increases oxidative and nitrosative stress in rat hyperoxaluric kidneys and excessive crystal deposition. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 295: F388-F396. DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00405.2007
    • (2008) Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol , vol.295
    • Huang, H.S.1    Ma, M.C.2    Chen, J.3
  • 14
    • 0024351625 scopus 로고
    • Reduced biopterin as a cofactor in the generation of nitrogen oxides by murine macrophages
    • PMID: 2584226
    • Kwon, N.S., C.F. Nathan and D.J. Stuehr, 1989. Reduced biopterin as a cofactor in the generation of nitrogen oxides by murine macrophages. J. Biol. Chem., 264: 20496-20501. PMID: 2584226
    • (1989) J. Biol. Chem , vol.264 , pp. 20496-20501
    • Kwon, N.S.1    Nathan, C.F.2    Stuehr, D.J.3
  • 15
    • 0037399439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin leads to uncoupling of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase in hypertension
    • DOI: 10.1172/JCI14172
    • Landmesser, U., S. Dikalov, S.R. Price, L. McCann and T. Fukai et al., 2003. Oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin leads to uncoupling of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase in hypertension. J. Clin. Investigat., 111: 1201-1209. DOI: 10.1172/JCI14172
    • (2003) J. Clin. Investigat , vol.111 , pp. 1201-1209
    • Landmesser, U.1    Dikalov, S.2    Price, S.R.3    McCann, L.4    Fukai, T.5
  • 16
    • 0031010584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
    • Liu, P., C.E. Hock, R. Nagele and P.Y. Wong, 1997. Formation of nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Am. J. Physiol., 272: H2327-2336.
    • (1997) Am. J. Physiol , vol.272
    • Liu, P.1    Hock, C.E.2    Nagele, R.3    Wong, P.Y.4
  • 18
    • 0030885625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial function is involved in LDL oxidation mediated by human cultured endothelial cells
    • DOI: 10.1161/ 01.ATV.17.8.1575
    • Mabile, L., O. Meilhac, I. Escargueil-Blanc, M. Troly and M.T. Pieraggi et al., 1997. Mitochondrial function is involved in LDL oxidation mediated by human cultured endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 17: 1575-1582. DOI: 10.1161/ 01.ATV.17.8.1575
    • (1997) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.17 , pp. 1575-1582
    • Mabile, L.1    Meilhac, O.2    Escargueil-Blanc, I.3    Troly, M.4    Pieraggi, M.T.5
  • 19
    • 0037005780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of a medical food for the dietary management of chronic, stable angina
    • DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01708-9
    • Maxwell, A.J., M.P. Zapien, G.L. Pearce, G. MacCallum and P.H. Stone, 2002. Randomized trial of a medical food for the dietary management of chronic, stable angina. J. Am. College Cardiol., 39: 37-45. DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01708-9
    • (2002) J. Am. College Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 37-45
    • Maxwell, A.J.1    Zapien, M.P.2    Pearce, G.L.3    McCallum, G.4    Stone, P.H.5
  • 20
    • 84867045011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous exposure to L-arginine induces oxidative stress and physiological tolerance in cultured human endothelial cells
    • DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1173-y
    • Mohan, S., C.C. Wu, S. Shin and H.L. Fung, 2011. Continuous exposure to L-arginine induces oxidative stress and physiological tolerance in cultured human endothelial cells. Amino Acids, DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1173-y
    • (2011) Amino Acids
    • Mohan, S.1    Wu, C.C.2    Shin, S.3    Fung, H.L.4
  • 21
    • 0034643340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage
    • DOI: 10.1038/35008121
    • Nishikawa, T., D. Edelstein, X.L. Du, S. Yamagishi and T. Matsumura et al., 2000. Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage. Nature, 404: 787-790. DOI: 10.1038/35008121
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 787-790
    • Nishikawa, T.1    Edelstein, D.2    Du, X.L.3    Yamagishi, S.4    Matsumura, T.5
  • 22
    • 28644445571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of L-arginine supplementation on functional capacity in peripheral arterial disease
    • DOI: 10.1191/1358863x05vm637oa
    • Oka, R.K., A. Szuba, J.C. Giacomini and J.P. Cooke, 2005. A pilot study of L-arginine supplementation on functional capacity in peripheral arterial disease. Vasc. Med., 10: 265-274. DOI: 10.1191/1358863x05vm637oa
    • (2005) Vasc. Med , vol.10 , pp. 265-274
    • Oka, R.K.1    Szuba, A.2    Giacomini, J.C.3    Cooke, J.P.4
  • 25
    • 0037082452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arginine supplementation of sickle transgenic mice reduces red cell density and Gardos channel activity
    • DOI: 10.1182/blood.V99.4.1103
    • Romero, J.R., S.M. Suzuka, R.L. Nagel and M.E. Fabry, 2002. Arginine supplementation of sickle transgenic mice reduces red cell density and Gardos channel activity. Blood, 99: 1103-1108. DOI: 10.1182/blood.V99.4.1103
    • (2002) Blood , vol.99 , pp. 1103-1108
    • Romero, J.R.1    Suzuka, S.M.2    Nagel, R.L.3    Fabry, M.E.4
  • 26
    • 34447536457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for the role of tetrahydrobiopterin in endothelial function and vascular disease
    • DOI: 10.1042/CS20070108
    • Schmidt, T.S. and N.J. Alp, 2007. Mechanisms for the role of tetrahydrobiopterin in endothelial function and vascular disease. Clin. Sci., 113: 47-63. DOI: 10.1042/CS20070108
    • (2007) Clin. Sci , vol.113 , pp. 47-63
    • Schmidt, T.S.1    Alp, N.J.2
  • 27
    • 29944434110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-Arginine therapy in acute myocardial infarction the Vascular Interaction With Age in Myocardial Infarction (VINTAGE MI) randomized clinical tria
    • DOI: 10.1001/jama.295.1.58
    • Schulman, S.P., L.C. Becker, D.A. Kass, H.C. Champion and M.L. Terrin et al., 2006. L-Arginine therapy in acute myocardial infarction the Vascular Interaction With Age in Myocardial Infarction (VINTAGE MI) randomized clinical tria. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 295: 58-64. DOI: 10.1001/jama.295.1.58
    • (2006) J. Am. Med. Assoc , vol.295 , pp. 58-64
    • Schulman, S.P.1    Becker, L.C.2    Kass, D.A.3    Champion, H.C.4    Terrin, M.L.5
  • 28
    • 0036183645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetrahydrobiopterin improves impaired endothelium-dependent forearm vasodilation in patients with heart failure
    • PMID: 11862115
    • Setoguchi, S., Y. Hirooka, K. Eshima, H. Shimokawa and A. Takeshita, 2002. Tetrahydrobiopterin improves impaired endothelium-dependent forearm vasodilation in patients with heart failure. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 39: 363-368. PMID: 11862115
    • (2002) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 363-368
    • Setoguchi, S.1    Hirooka, Y.2    Eshima, K.3    Shimokawa, H.4    Takeshita, A.5
  • 29
    • 0034730795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral administration of tetrahydrobiopterin prevents endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress in the aortas of insulin-resistant rats
    • DOI: 10.1161/01.RES.87.7.566
    • Shinozaki, K., Y. Nishio, T. Okamura, Y. Yoshida and H. Maegawa et al., 2000. Oral administration of tetrahydrobiopterin prevents endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress in the aortas of insulin-resistant rats. Circ. Res., 87: 566-573. DOI: 10.1161/01.RES.87.7.566
    • (2000) Circ. Res , vol.87 , pp. 566-573
    • Shinozaki, K.1    Nishio, Y.2    Okamura, T.3    Yoshida, Y.4    Maegawa, H.5
  • 30
    • 2642521090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for superoxide anion generation in aortas of cholesterol-fed rabbits treated with L-arginine
    • DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.03.052
    • Simonet, S., A. Rupin, C. Badier-Commander, S. Coumailleau and D. Behr-Roussel et al., 2004. Evidence for superoxide anion generation in aortas of cholesterol-fed rabbits treated with L-arginine. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 492: 211-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.03.052
    • (2004) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.492 , pp. 211-216
    • Simonet, S.1    Rupin, A.2    Badier-Commander, C.3    Coumailleau, S.4    Behr-Roussel, D.5
  • 31
    • 11144262141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycaemia-induced superoxide production decreases eNOS expression via AP-1 activation in aortic endothelial cells
    • DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1525-1
    • Srinivasan, S., M.E. Hatley, D.T. Bolick, L.A. Palmer and D. Edelstein et al., 2004. Hyperglycaemia-induced superoxide production decreases eNOS expression via AP-1 activation in aortic endothelial cells. Diabetologia, 47: 1727-1734. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1525-1
    • (2004) Diabetologia , vol.47 , pp. 1727-1734
    • Srinivasan, S.1    Hatley, M.E.2    Bolick, D.T.3    Palmer, L.A.4    Edelstein, D.5
  • 32
    • 0031018510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial function in hypercholesterolemia
    • DOI: 10.1172/JCI119131
    • Stroes, E., J. Kastelein, F. Cosentino, W. Erkelens and R. Wever et al., 1997. Tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial function in hypercholesterolemia. J. Clin. Investigat., 99: 41-46. DOI: 10.1172/JCI119131
    • (1997) J. Clin. Investigat , vol.99 , pp. 41-46
    • Stroes, E.1    Kastelein, J.2    Cosentino, F.3    Erkelens, W.4    Wever, R.5
  • 33
    • 0024388901 scopus 로고
    • Macrophage oxidation of L-arginine to nitric oxide, nitrite and nitrate. Tetrahydrobiopterin is required as a cofactor
    • Tayeh, M.A. and M.A. Marletta, 1989. Macrophage oxidation of L-arginine to nitric oxide, nitrite and nitrate. Tetrahydrobiopterin is required as a cofactor. J. Biol. Chem., 264: 19654-19658.
    • (1989) J. Biol. Chem , vol.264 , pp. 19654-19658
    • Tayeh, M.A.1    Marletta, M.A.2
  • 34
    • 0029833673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of endothelium-dependent vasodilation after reperfusion injury by tetrahydrobiopterin
    • DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.94.6.1423
    • Tiefenbacher, C.P., W.M. Chilian, M. Mitchell and D.V. De Fily, 1996. Restoration of endothelium-dependent vasodilation after reperfusion injury by tetrahydrobiopterin. Circulation, 94: 1423-1429. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.94.6.1423
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 1423-1429
    • Tiefenbacher, C.P.1    Chilian, W.M.2    Mitchell, M.3    de Fily, D.V.4
  • 35
    • 55949104898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ADMA impairs nitric oxide-mediated arteriolar function due to increased superoxide production by angiotensin II-NAD(P)H oxidase pathway
    • DOI: 10.1161/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.116731
    • Veresh, Z., A. Racz, G. Lotz and A. Koller, 2008. ADMA impairs nitric oxide-mediated arteriolar function due to increased superoxide production by angiotensin II-NAD(P)H oxidase pathway. Hypertension, 52: 960-966. DOI: 10.1161/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.116731
    • (2008) Hypertension , vol.52 , pp. 960-966
    • Veresh, Z.1    Racz, A.2    Lotz, G.3    Koller, A.4
  • 36
    • 0037167227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New therapies in sickle cell disease
    • Vichinsky, E., 2002. New therapies in sickle cell disease. Lancet, 360: 629-631.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 629-631
    • Vichinsky, E.1
  • 37
    • 34447334222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-arginine supplementation in peripheral arterial disease: No benefit and possible harm
    • DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.683656
    • Wilson, A.M., R. Harada, N. Nair, N. Balasubramanian and J.P. Cooke, 2007. L-arginine supplementation in peripheral arterial disease: No benefit and possible harm. Circulation, 116: 188-195. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.683656
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 188-195
    • Wilson, A.M.1    Harada, R.2    Nair, N.3    Balasubramanian, N.4    Cooke, J.P.5
  • 38
    • 0027295193 scopus 로고
    • The dual mode of inhibition of calmodulin-dependent nitric-oxide synthase by antifungal imidazole agents
    • Wolff, D.J., G.A. Datto and R.A. Samatovicz, 1993. The dual mode of inhibition of calmodulin-dependent nitric-oxide synthase by antifungal imidazole agents. J. Biol. Chem., 268: 9430-9436.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem , vol.268 , pp. 9430-9436
    • Wolff, D.J.1    Datto, G.A.2    Samatovicz, R.A.3
  • 39
    • 0032533159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arginine metabolism: Nitric oxide and beyond
    • Wu, G. and S.M. Morris Jr., 1998. Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem. J., 336: 1-17.
    • (1998) Biochem. J , vol.336 , pp. 1-17
    • Wu, G.1    Morris Jr., S.M.2
  • 40
    • 0029294714 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthesis in retinal photoreceptor cells
    • DOI: 10.1017/S0952523800008397
    • Yoshida, A., N. Pozdnyakov, L. Dang, S.M. Orselli and V.N. Reddy et al., 1995. Nitric oxide synthesis in retinal photoreceptor cells. Visual Neurosci., 12: 493-500. DOI: 10.1017/S0952523800008397
    • (1995) Visual Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 493-500
    • Yoshida, A.1    Pozdnyakov, N.2    Dang, L.3    Orselli, S.M.4    Reddy, V.N.5
  • 41
    • 0038368985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superoxide reacts with hydroethidine but forms a fluorescent product that is distinctly different from ethidium: Potential implications in intracellular fluorescence detection of superoxide
    • DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00142-4
    • Zhao, H., S. Kalivendi, H. Zhang, J. Joseph and K. Nithipatikom et al., 2003. Superoxide reacts with hydroethidine but forms a fluorescent product that is distinctly different from ethidium: Potential implications in intracellular fluorescence detection of superoxide. Free Radical Biol. Med., 34: 1359-1368. DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00142-4
    • (2003) Free Radical Biol. Med , vol.34 , pp. 1359-1368
    • Zhao, H.1    Kalivendi, S.2    Zhang, H.3    Joseph, J.4    Nithipatikom, K.5
  • 42
    • 34249800928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arginine in the critical care setting
    • Zhou, M. and R.G. Martindale, 2007. Arginine in the critical care setting. J. Nutr., 137: 1687S-1692S.
    • (2007) J. Nutr , vol.137
    • Zhou, M.1    Martindale, R.G.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.