Determination and speciation of mercury in environmental and biological samples by analytical atomic spectrometry

Microchemical Journal

Volumn 103, Issue , 2012, Pages 1-14

  Gao, Ying ^a,b   Shi, Zeming ^b   Long, Zhou ^a   Wu, Peng ^a   Zheng, Chengbin ^a   Hou, Xiandeng ^a  

^a SICHUAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b CHENGDU UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

Atomic absorption spectrometry; Atomic emission spectrometry; Atomic fluorescence spectrometry; Atomic mass spectrometry; Cold vapor generation; Mercury; Review; Sample preparation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84862778934     PISSN: 0026265X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.02.001     Document Type: Review

References (133)

1. Lubick N. Funding struggle for mercury monitoring. Nature 2009, 459:620-621.
2. Harris H.H., Pickering I.J., George G.N. The chemical form of mercury in fish. Science 2003, 301:1203.
3. Lehnherr I., St Louis V.L., Hintelmann H., Kirk J.L. Methylation of inorganic mercury in polar marine waters. Nat. Geosci. 2011, 4:298-302.
4. Leopold K., Foulkes M., Worsfold P. Methods for the determination and speciation of mercury in natural waters-a review. Anal. Chim. Acta 2010, 663:127-138.
5. Leopold K., Foulkes M., Worsfold P.J. Preconcentration techniques for the determination of mercury species in natural waters. TracTrends Anal. Chem. 2009, 28:426-435.
6. Pandey S.K., Kim K.H., Brown R.J.C. Measurement techniques for mercury species in ambient air. TracTrends Anal. Chem. 2011, 30:899-917.
7. Diez S., Bayona J.M. Determination of Hg and organomercury species following SPME: a review. Talanta 2008, 77:21-27.
8. Wu L., Zheng C., Ma Q., Hu C., Hou X. Chemical vapor generation for determination of mercury by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 2007, 42:79-102.
9. Voegborlo R.B., Adimado A.A. A simple classical wet digestion technique for the determination of total mercury in fish tissue by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry in a low technology environment. Food Chem. 2010, 123:936-940.
10. Geng W., Nakajima T., Takanashi H., Ohki A. Determination of mercury in ash and soil samples by oxygen flask combustion method-cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS). J. Hazard. Mater. 2008, 154:325-330.
11. Antes F.G., Duarte F.A., Mesko M.F., Nunes M.A.G., Pereira V.A., Mueller E.I., Dressler V.L., Flores E.M.M. Determination of toxic elements in coal by ICP-MS after digestion using microwave-induced combustion. Talanta 2010, 83:364-369.
12. Rodrigues J.L., Nunes J.A., Batista B.L., De Souza S.S., Barbosa F. A fast method for the determination of 16 elements in hair samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with tetramethylammonium hydroxide solubilization at room temperature. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2008, 23:992-996.
13. Batista B.L., Grotto D., Rodrigues J.L., de Oliveira Souza V.C., Barbosa F. Determination of trace elements in biological samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with tetramethylammonium hydroxide solubilization at room temperature. Anal. Chim. Acta 2009, 646:23-29.
14. Jose da Silva M., Palm A.P.S., Fernanda Pimentel M., Luisa Cervera M., de la Guardia M. Determination of mercury in rice by cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry after microwave-assisted digestion. Anal. Chim. Acta 2010, 667:43-48.
15. dos Santos E.J., Herrmann A.B., Azzolin Frescura V.L., Sturgeon R.E., Curtius A.J. A novel approach to cold vapor generation for the determination of mercury in biological samples. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2008, 19:929-934.
16. Torres D.P., Frescura V.L.A., Curtius A.J. Simple mercury fractionation in biological samples by CV AAS following microwave-assisted acid digestion or TMAH pre-treatment. Microchem. J. 2009, 93:206-210.
17. Matusiewicz H., Stanisz E. Evaluation of high pressure oxygen microwave-assisted wet decomposition for the determination of mercury by CVAAS utilizing UV-induced reduction. Microchem. J. 2010, 95:268-273.
18. Han S.P., Gan W.E., Jiang X.J., Zi H.J., Su Q.D. On-line pressurized electromagnetic induction heating digestion: a promising sample preparation technique for trace mercury analysis. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2008, 23:773-776.
19. Leopold K., Harwardt L., Schuster M., Schlemmer G. A new fully automated on-line digestion system for ultra trace analysis of mercury in natural waters by means of FI-CV-AFS. Talanta 2008, 76:382-388.
20. Aranda P.R., Gil R.A., Moyano S., De Vito I., Martinez L.D. Slurry sampling in serum blood for mercury determination by CV-AFS. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 161:1399-1403.
21. Chen F., Jiang S. Slurry sampling flow injection chemical vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of As, Cd, and Hg in cereals. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 2009, 57:6564-6569.
22. Su Y., Xu K., Gao Y., Hou X. Determination of trace mercury in geological samples by direct slurry sampling cold vapor generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchim. Acta 2008, 160:191-195.
23. Nevado J.J.B., Martin-Doimeadios R.C.R., Bernardo F.J.G., Moreno M.J. Determination of monomethylmercury in low- and high-polluted sediments by microwave extraction and gas chromatography with atomic fluorescence detection. Anal. Chim. Acta 2008, 608:30-37.
24. de Souza S.S., Rodrigues J.L., de Oliveira Souza V.C., Barbosa F. A fast sample preparation procedure for mercury speciation in hair samples by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2010, 25:79-83.
25. Rodrigues J.L., de Souza S.S., de Oliveira Souza V.C., Barbosa F. Methylmercury and inorganic mercury determination in blood by using liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and a fast sample preparation procedure. Talanta 2010, 80:1158-1163.
26. Batista B.L., Rodrigues J.L., de Souza S.S., Oliveira Souza V.C., Barbosa F. Mercury speciation in seafood samples by LC-ICP-MS with a rapid ultrasound-assisted extraction procedure: application to the determination of mercury in Brazilian seafood samples. Food Chem. 2011, 126:2000-2004.
27. Gao E., Jiang G., He B., Yin Y., Shi J. Speciation of mercury in coal using HPLC-CV-AFS system: comparison of different extraction methods. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2008, 23:1397-1400.
28. Zhang W.B., Xue J.J., Yang X.A., Wang S.B. Determination of inorganic and total mercury in seafood samples by a new ultrasound-assisted extraction system and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2011, 26:2023-2029.
29. Torres D.P., Borges D.L.G., Frescura V.L.A., Curtius A.J. A simple and fast approach for the determination of inorganic and total mercury in aqueous slurries of biological samples using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry and in situ oxidation. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2009, 24:1118-1122.
30. Lemes M., Wang F. Methylmercury speciation in fish muscle by HPLC-ICP-MS following enzymatic hydrolysis. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2009, 24:663-668.
31. Chung S.W.C., Chan B.T.P. A reliable method to determine methylmercury and ethylmercury simultaneously in foods by gas chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after enzymatic and acid digestion. J. Chromatogr. A 2011, 1218:1260-1265.
32. Vale G., Rial-Otero R., Mota A., Fonseca L., Capelo J.L. Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic digestion (USAED) for total elemental determination and elemental speciation: a tutorial. Talanta 2008, 75:872-884.
33. Wu P., He L., Zheng C., Hou X., Sturgeon R.E. Applications of chemical vapor generation in non-tetrahydroborate media to analytical atomic spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2010, 25:1217-1246.
34. Xianjuan J., Wuer G., Lingzhong W., Hanchang Z., Youzhao H. Determination of mercury by electrochemical cold vapor generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry using polyaniline modified graphite electrode as cathode. Spectrochim. Acta Part B 2010, 65.
35. Zhang W.B., Su Z.F., Chu X.F., Yang X.A. Evaluation of a new electrolytic cold vapor generation system for mercury determination by AFS. Talanta 2010, 80:2106-2112.
36. Zhang W.B., Yang X.A., Ma Y.Y., Zhu H.X., Wang S.B. Continuous flow electrolytic cold vapor generation atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of Hg in water samples. Microchem. J. 2011, 97:201-206.
37. Li Y., Zheng C.B., Ma Q., Wu L., Hu C.W., Hou X.D. Sample matrix-assisted photo-induced chemical vapor generation: a reagent free green analytical method for ultrasensitive detection of mercury in wine or liquor samples. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2006, 21:82-85.
38. Liu Q. Direct determination of mercury in white vinegar by matrix assisted photochemical vapor generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry detection. Spectrochim. Acta Part B-Atom. Spectrosc. 2010, 65:587-590.
39. Munthe J., McElroy W.J. Some aqueous reaction of potential importance in the atmospheric chemistry of mercury. Atmos. Environ. 1992, 26:553-557.
40. Xia H., Liu X., Huang K., Gao Y., Gan L., He C.L., Hou X.D. Matrix-assisted UV-photochemical vapor generation for AFS determination of trace mercury in natural water samples: a green analytical method. Spectrosc. Lett. 2010, 43:550-554.
41. Lopez-Rouco A., Stanisz E., Matusiewicz H., Lavilla I., Bendicho C. UV reduction with ultrasound-assisted gas-liquid separation for the determination of mercury in biotissues by atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2008, 23:1026-1029.
42. Ribeiro A.S., Vieira M.A., Grinberg P., Sturgeon R.E. Vapor generation coupled with furnace atomization plasma emission spectrometry for detection of mercury. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2009, 24:689-694.
43. Wu X., Yang W., Liu M., Hou X., Zheng C. Vapor generation in dielectric barrier discharge for sensitive detection of mercury by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2011, 26:1204-1209.
44. Zhu Z., Chan G.C.Y., Ray S.J., Zhang X., Hieftje G.M. Use of a solution cathode glow discharge for cold vapor generation of mercury with determination by ICP-atomic emission spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80:7043-7050.
45. Shekhar R., Karunasagar D., Ranjit M., Arunachalam J. Determination of elemental constituents in different matrix materials and flow injection studies by the electrolyte cathode glow discharge technique with a new design. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81:8157-8166.
46. Shekhar R., Karunasagar D., Dash K., Ranjit M. Determination of mercury in hepatitis-B vaccine by electrolyte cathode glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (ELCAD-AES). J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2010, 25:875-879.
47. Ramezani Z., Behfar A.A., Jafari S. Low density polyethylene window for the determination of mercury by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2010, 25:886-888.
48. Zhu Z., Chan G.C.Y., Ray S.J., Zhang X., Hieftje G.M. Microplasma source based on a dielectric barrier discharge for the determination of mercury by atomic emission spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80:8622-8627.
49. Liu Z., Zhu Z., Wu Q., Hu S., Zheng H. Dielectric barrier discharge-plasma induced vaporization and its application to the determination of mercury by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Analyst 2011, 136:4539-4544.
50. Yu Y.L., Du Z., Chen M.L., Wang J.H. Atmospheric-pressure dielectric-barrier discharge as a radiation source for optical emission spectrometry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47:7909-7912.
51. Puanngam M., Ohira S.I., Unob F., Wang J.-H., Dasgupta P.K. A cold plasma dielectric barrier discharge atomic emission detector for atmospheric mercury. Talanta 2010, 81:1109-1115.
52. Anthemidis A.N., Cerda V., Miro M. Integrated lab-on-a-valve platform incorporating a sorbent microcolumn and membraneless gas-liquid separation for cold vapor generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometric assays. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2010, 25:1717-1723.
53. Yuan C.G., Lin K., Chang A. Determination of trace mercury in environmental samples by cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry after cloud point extraction. Microchimica Acta 2010, 171:313-319.
54. Depoi F.d.S., Bentlin F.R.S., Pozebon D. Methodology for Hg determination in honey using cloud point extraction and cold vapour-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Analytical Methods 2010, 2:180-185.
55. Shah A.Q., Kazi T.G., Baig J.A., Afridi H.I., Kandhro G.A., Arain M.B., Kolachi N.F., Wadhwa S.K. Total mercury determination in different tissues of broiler chicken by using cloud point extraction and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2010, 48:65-69.
56. Martinis E.M., Berton P., Olsina R.A., Altamirano J.C., Wuilloud R.G. Trace mercury determination in drinking and natural water samples by room temperature ionic liquid based-preconcentration and flow injection-cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 167:475-481.
57. Lopez-Garcia I., Rivas R.E., Hernandez-Cordoba M. Liquid-phase microextraction with solidification of the organic floating drop for the preconcentration and determination of mercury traces by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 396:3097-3102.
58. Bagheri H., Naderi M. Immersed single-drop microextraction-electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectroscopy for the trace determination of mercury in water samples. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 165:353-358.
59. Leopold K., Foulkes M., Worsfold P.J. Gold-coated silica as a preconcentration phase for the determination of total dissolved mercury in natural waters using atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81:3421-3428.
60. Zierhut A., Leopold K., Harwardt L., Worsfold P., Schuster M. Activated gold surfaces for the direct preconcentration of mercury species from natural waters. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2009, 24:767-774.
61. Zhang L., Chang X., Hu Z., Zhang L., Shi J., Gao R. Selective solid phase extraction and preconcentration of mercury(II) from environmental and biological samples using nanometer silica functionalized by 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid. Microchimica Acta 2010, 168:79-85.
62. Zhai Y., Duan S.E., He Q., Yang X., Han Q. Solid phase extraction and preconcentration of trace mercury(II) from aqueous solution using magnetic nanoparticles doped with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide. Microchimica Acta 2010, 169:353-360.
63. Faraji M., Yamini Y., Rezaee M. Extraction of trace amounts of mercury with sodium dodecyle sulphate-coated magnetite nanoparticles and its determination by flow injection inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Talanta 2010, 81:831-836.
64. Chen B., Heng S., Peng H., Hu B., Yu X., Zhang Z., Pang D., Yue X., Zhu Y. Magnetic solid phase microextraction on a microchip combined with electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for determination of Cd, Hg and Pb in cells. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2010, 25:1931-1938.
65. Mousavi H.Z., Asghari A., Shirkhanloo H. Determination of Hg in water and wastewater samples by CV-AAS following on-line preconcentration with silver trap. J. Anal. Chem. 2010, 65:935-939.
66. Madden J.T., Fitzgerald N. Investigation of ultraviolet photolysis vapor generation with in-atomizer trapping graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of mercury. Spectrochim. Acta Part B-At. Spectrosc. 2009, 64:925-927.
67. Romero V., Costas-Mora I., Lavilla I., Bendicho C. Cold vapor-solid phase microextraction using amalgamation in different Pd-based substrates combined with direct thermal desorption in a modified absorption cell for the determination of Hg by atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta Part B-At. Spectrosc. 2011, 66:156-162.
68. Zolfonoun E., Rouhollahi A., Semnani A. Solid-phase extraction and determination of ultra trace amounts of lead, mercury and cadmium in water samples using octadecyl silica membrane disks modified with 5,5 '-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and atomic absorption spectrometry. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2008, 88:327-336.
69. Gao R., Hu Z., Chang X., He Q., Zhang L., Tu Z., Shi J. Chemically modified activated carbon with 1-acylthiosemicarbazide for selective solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of trace Cu(II), Hg(II) and Pb(II) from water samples. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 172:324-329.
70. Pourreza N., Ghanemi K. Determination of mercury in water and fish samples by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry after solid phase extraction on agar modified with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 161:982-987.
71. Pourreza N., Parham H., Kiasat A.R., Ghanemi K., Abdollahi N. Solid phase extraction of mercury on sulfur loaded with N-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-N'-phenylthiourea as a new adsorbent and determination by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 2009, 78:1293-1297.
72. Chai X., Chang X., Hu Z., He Q., Tu Z., Li Z. Solid phase extraction of trace Hg(II) on silica gel modified with 2-(2-oxoethyl)hydrazine carbothioamide and determination by ICP-AES. Talanta 2010, 82:1791-1796.
73. Chen J., Hintelmann H., Dimock B. Chromatographic pre-concentration of Hg from dilute aqueous solutions for isotopic measurement by MC-ICP-MS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2010, 25:1402-1409.
74. Zierhut A., Leopold K., Harwardt L., Schuster M. Analysis of total dissolved mercury in waters after on-line preconcentration on an active gold column. Talanta 2010, 81:1529-1535.
75. Fernandez-Fernandez A.M., Moreda-Pineiro A., Bermejo-Barrera P. On-line preconcentration cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of trace mercury in edible seaweeds. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2007, 22:573-577.
76. Ferrua N., Cerutti S., Salonia J.A., Olsina R.A., Martinez L.D. On-line preconcentration and determination of mercury in biological and environmental samples by cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Hazard. Mater. 2007, 141:693-699.
77. Xia L.B., Hu B., Wu Y.L. Hollow fiber-based liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the speciation of organomercury. J. Chromatogr. A 2007, 1173:44-51.
78. Gao Y., De Galan S., De Brauwere A., Baeyens W., Leermakers M. Mercury speciation in hair by headspace injection-gas chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (methylmercury) and combustion-atomic absorption spectrometry (total Hg). Talanta 2010, 82:1919-1923.
79. Rodrigues J.L., Alvarez C.R., Farinas N.R., Berzas Nevado J.J., Barbosa F., Rodriguez Martin-Doimeadios R.C. Mercury speciation in whole blood by gas chromatography coupled to ICP-MS with a fast microwave-assisted sample preparation procedure. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2011, 26:436-442.
80. Carrasco L., Diez S., Bayona J.M. Simultaneous determination of methyl- and ethyl-mercury by solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography atomic fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. A 2009, 1216:8828-8834.
81. Pedrero Z., Mounicou S., Monperrus M., Amouroux D. Investigation of Hg species binding biomolecules in dolphin liver combining GC and LC-ICP-MS with isotopic tracers. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2011, 26:187-194.
82. Kuballa T., Leonhardt E., Schoeberl K., Lachenmeier D.W. Determination of methylmercury in fish and seafood using optimized digestion and derivatization followed by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2009, 228:425-431.
83. Yan D., Yang L., Wang Q. Alternative thermodiffusion interface for simultaneous speciation of m organic and inorganic lead and mercury species by capillary GC-ICPMS using tri-n-propyl-lead chloride as an internal standard. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80:6104-6109.
84. Jackson B., Taylor V., Baker R.A., Miller E. Low-level mercury speciation in freshwaters by isotope dilution GC-ICP-MS. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:2463-2469.
85. Dzurko M., Foucher D., Hintelmann H. Determination of compound-specific Hg isotope ratios from transient signals using gas chromatography coupled to multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP/MS). Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2009, 393:345-355.
86. Taylor V.F., Carter A., Davies C., Jackson B.P. Trace-level automated mercury speciation analysis. Analytical Methods 2011, 3:1143-1148.
87. Mao Y., Liu G., Meichel G., Cai Y., Jiang G. Simultaneous speciation of monomethylmercury and monoethylmercury by aqueous phenylation and purge-and-trap preconcentration followed by atomic spectrometry detection. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80:7163-7168.
88. Epov V.N., Rodriguez-Gonzalez P., Sonke J.E., Tessier E., Amouroux D., Bourgoin L.M., Donard O.F.X. Simultaneous determination of species-specific isotopic composition of Hg by gas chromatography coupled to multicollector ICPMS. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80:3530-3538.
89. Hippler J., Hoppe H.W., Mosel F., Rettenmeier A.W., Hirner A.V. Comparative determination of methyl mercury in whole blood samples using GC-ICP-MS and GC-MS techniques. J. Chromatogr. B-Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2009, 877:2465-2470.
90. Berzas Nevado J.J., Rodriguez Martin-Doimeadios R.C., Krupp E.M., Guzman Bernardo F.J., Rodriguez Farinas N., Jimenez Moreno M., Wallace D., Patino Roper M.J. Comparison of gas chromatographic hyphenated techniques for mercury speciation analysis. J. Chromatogr. A 2011, 1218:4545-4551.
91. Wang M., Feng W.Y., Wang H.J., Zhang Y., Li J., Li B., Zhao Y.L., Chai Z.F. Analysis of mercury-containing protein fractions in brain cytosol of the maternal and infant rats after exposure to a low-dose of methylmercury by SEC coupled to isotope dilution ICP-MS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2008, 23:1112-1116.
92. Feng W., Meng W., Ming G., Yuan H., Shi J., Bing W., Zhu M., Hong O., Zhao Y., Chai Z. Mercury speciation and mercury-binding protein study by HPLC-ICP-MS on the estimation of mercury toxicity between maternal and infant rats. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2011, 26:156-164.
93. Guo Y., Xu M., Yang L., Wang Q. Strategy for absolute quantification of proteins: CH(3)Hg(+) labeling integrated molecular and elemental mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2009, 24:1184-1187.
94. Xu M., Yan X., Xie Q., Yang L., Wang Q. Dynamic labeling strategy with (204)Hg-isotopic methylmercurithiosalicylate for absolute peptide and protein quantification. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82:1616-1620.
95. Cairns W.R.L., Ranaldo M., Hennebelle R., Turetta C., Capodaglio G., Ferrari C.F., Dommergue A., Cescon P., Barbante C. Speciation analysis of mercury in seawater from the lagoon of Venice by on-line pre-concentration HPLC-ICP-MS. Anal. Chim. Acta 2008, 622:62-69.
96. Margetinova J., Houserova-Pelcova P., Kuban V. Speciation analysis of mercury in sediments, zoobenthos and river water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to atomic fluorescence spectrometry following preconcentration by solid phase extraction. Anal. Chim. Acta 2008, 615:115-123.
97. Tsoi Y.K., Tam S., Leung K.S.Y. Rapid speciation of methylated and ethylated mercury in urine using headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to LC-ICP-MS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2010, 25:1758-1762.
98. Jia X., Han Y., Liu X., Duan T., Chen H. Speciation of mercury in water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta Part B-At. Spectrosc. 2011, 66:88-92.
99. Chen J., Chen H., Jin X., Chen H. Determination of ultra-trace amount methyl-, phenyl- and inorganic mercury in environmental and biological samples by liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after cloud point extraction preconcentration. Talanta 2009, 77:1381-1387.
100. Yin Y.G., Chen M., Peng J.F., Liu J.F., Jiang G.B. Dithizone-functionalized solid phase extraction-displacement elution-high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for mercury speciation in water samples. Talanta 2010, 81:1788-1792.
101. dos Santos J.S., de la Guardia M., Pastor A., Pires dos Santos M.L. Determination of organic and inorganic mercury species in water and sediment samples by HPLC on-line coupled with ICP-MS. Talanta 2009, 80:207-211.
102. Jia X., Han Y., Wei C., Duan T., Chen H. Speciation of mercury in liquid cosmetic samples by ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2011, 26:1380-1386.
103. Liu Q. Determination of mercury and methylmercury in seafood by ion chromatography using photo-induced chemical vapor generation atomic fluorescence spectrometric detection. Microchem. J. 2010, 95:255-258.
104. Chen K., Hsu I.H., Sun Y. Determination of methylmercury and inorganic mercury by coupling short-column ion chromatographic separation, on-line photocatalyst-assisted vapor generation, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2009, 1216:8933-8938.
105. Yin Y., Liu J., He B., Shi J., Jiang G. Simple interface of high-performance liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry hyphenated system for speciation of mercury based on photo-induced chemical vapour generation with formic acid in mobile phase as reaction reagent. J. Chromatogr. A 2008, 1181:77-82.
106. Chang N., Gu Z.Y., Wang H.F., Yan X.P. Metal-organic-framework-based tandem molecular sieves as a dual platform for selective microextraction and high-resolution gas chromatographic separation of n-alkanes in complex matrixes. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83:7094-7101.
107. Campos R.C., Goncalves R.A., Brandao G.R., Azevedo M.S., Oliveira F., Wasserman J. Methylmercury determination using a hyphenated high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet cold vapor multipath atomic absorption spectrometry system. Spectrochim. Acta Part B-At. Spectrosc. 2009, 64:506-512.
108. Angeli V., Ferrari C., Longo I., Onor M., D'Ulivo A., Bramanti E. Microwave-assisted photochemical reactor for the online oxidative decomposition and determination of p-hydroxymercurybenzoate and its thiolic complexes by cold vapor generation atomic fluorescence detection. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83:338-343.
109. Yin Y.G., Wang Z.H., Peng J.F., Liu J.F., He B., Jiang G.B. Direct chemical vapour generation-flame atomization as interface of high performance liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry for speciation of mercury without using post-column digestion. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2009, 24:1575-1578.
110. Wang Z.H., Yin Y.H., He B., Shi J.B., Liu J.F., Jiang G.B. L-cysteine-induced degradation of organic mercury as a novel interface in the HPLC-CV-AFS hyphenated system for speciation of mercury. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2010, 25:810-814.
111. Kuban P., Houserova P., Hauser P.C., Kuban V. Mercury speciation by CE: a review. Electrophoresis 2007, 28:58-68.
112. Kuban P., Pelcova P., Margetinova J., Kuban V. Mercury speciation by CE: an update. Electrophoresis 2009, 30:92-99.
113. Deng B., Xiao Y., Xu X., Zhu P., Liang S., Mo W. Cold vapor generation interface for mercury speciation coupling capillary electrophoresis with electrothermal quartz tube furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: determination of mercury and methylmercury. Talanta 2009, 79:1265-1269.
114. Li B.H. Rapid speciation analysis of mercury by short column capillary electrophoresis on-line coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Methods 2011, 3:116-121.
115. Li Y., Sun S.K., Yang J.L., Jiang Y. Label-free DNA hybridization detection and single base-mismatch discrimination using CE-ICP-MS assay. Analyst 2011, 5038-5045.
116. Lin L.Y., Chang L.F., Jiang S.J. Speciation analysis of mercury in cereals by liquid chromatography chemical vapor generation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56:6868-6872.
117. Maldonado Santoyo M., Landero Figueroa J.A., Wrobel K., Wrobel K. Analytical speciation of mercury in fish tissues by reversed phase liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with Bi(3+) as internal standard. Talanta 2009, 79:706-711.
118. Moreno F., Garcia-Barrera T., Gomez-Ariza J.L. Simultaneous analysis of mercury and selenium species including chiral forms of selenomethionine in human urine and serum by HPLC column-switching coupled to ICP-MS. Analyst 2010, 135:2700-2705.
119. Tirtom V.N., Goulding S., Henden E. Application of a wool column for flow injection online preconcentration of inorganic mercury(II) and methyl mercury species prior to atomic fluorescence measurement. Talanta 2008, 76:1212-1217.
120. Martinis E.M., Wuilloud R.G. Cold vapor ionic liquid-assisted headspace single-drop microextraction: a novel preconcentration technique for mercury species determination in complex matrix samples. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2010, 25:1432-1439.
121. Dakova I., Karadjova I., Georgieva V., Georgiev G. Ion-imprinted polymethacrylic microbeads as new sorbent for preconcentration and speciation of mercury. Talanta 2009, 78:523-529.
122. Park C.J., Do H. Determination of inorganic and total mercury in marine biological samples by cold vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after tetramethylammonium hydroxide digestion. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2008, 23:997-1002.
123. Serafimovski I., Karadjova I., Stafilov T., Cvetkovic J. Determination of inorganic and methylmercury in fish by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Microchem. J. 2008, 89:42-47.
124. Rodrigues J.L., Torres D.P., de Oliveira Souza V.C., Batista B.L., de Souza S.S., Curtius A.J., Barbosa F. Determination of total and inorganic mercury in whole blood by cold vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CV ICP-MS) with alkaline sample preparation. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2009, 24:1414-1420.
125. Alp O., Ertas N. Determination of inorganic and total mercury by flow injection vapor generation atomic absorption spectrometry using a W-coil atomizer. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2009, 24:93-96.
126. Zhu Z., Liu Z., Zheng H., Hu S. Non-chromatographic determination of inorganic and total mercury by atomic absorption spectrometry based on a dielectric barrier discharge atomizer. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2010, 25:697-703.
127. Chen M.L., Ma H.J., Zhang S.Q., Wang J.H. Mercury speciation with L-cysteine functionalized cellulose fibre as adsorbent by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2011, 26:613-617.
128. Alonso E.V., Cordero M.T.S., de Torres A.G., Rudner P.C., Pavon J.M.C. Mercury speciation in sea food by flow injection cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry using selective solid phase extraction. Talanta 2008, 77:53-59.
129. Tuzen M., Karaman I., Citak D., Soylak M. Mercury(II) and methyl mercury determinations in water and fish samples by using solid phase extraction and cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry combination. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2009, 47:1648-1652.
130. Gao Y., Yang W., Zheng C., Hou X., Wu L. On-line preconcentration and in situ photochemical vapor generation in coiled reactor for speciation analysis of mercury and methylmercury by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2011, 26:126-132.
131. Saber-Tehrani M., Givianrad M.H., Hashemi-Moghaddam H. Determination of total and methyl mercury in human permanent healthy teeth by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after extraction in organic phase. Talanta 2007, 71:1319-1325.
132. Duarte F.A., Bizzi C.A., Antes F.G., Dressler V.L., de Moraes Flores E.M. Organic, inorganic and total mercury determination in fish by chemical vapor generation with collection on a gold gauze and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta Part B-At. Spectrosc. 2009, 64:513-519.
133. Jiang H., Hu B., Chen B., Zu W. Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of methylmercury in human hair and sludge samples. Spectrochim. Acta Part B-At. Spectrosc. 2008, 63:770-776.