Time allocation of bison in meadow patches driven by potential energy gains and group size dynamics

Oikos

Volumn 121, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 1163-1173

  Courant, Sabrina ^a   Fortin, Daniel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; DECISION MAKING; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GROUP SIZE; HERBIVORY; MEADOW; PATCH USE; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTION; PREDATION RISK; RUMINANT; SPATIAL VARIATION;

BISON; BISON BISON BISON; CAREX ATHERODES;

EID: 84862763454     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: 16000706     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19994.x     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Abramsky Z. et al. 1998. Do gerbils care more about competition or predation? Oikos 83: 75-84.
2. Arthur R. L. et al. 2009. Foraging rates of wapiti on alfalfa/bromegrass pastures. Small Ruminant Res. 82: 46-52.
3. Babin J.-S. et al. 2011. Energy gains predict the distribution of plains bison across populations and ecosystems. Ecology 92: 240-252.
4. Ball J. P. et al. 2000. Response of a herbivore community to increased food quality and quantity: an experiment with nitrogen fertilizer in a boreal forest. J. Appl. Ecol. 37: 247-255.
5. Barrette M. et al. 2010. Travel time affects optimal diets in depleting patches. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 64: 593-598.
6. Beauchamp G. et al. 1997. Influence of conspecific attraction on the spatial distribution of learning foragers in a patchy habitat. J. Anim. Ecol. 66: 671-682.
7. Bell R. H. V. 1971. A grazing ecosystem in Serengeti. Sci. Am. 225: 86-93.
8. Bergman C. M. et al. 2001. Ungulate foraging strategies: energy maximizing or time minimizing? J. Anim. Ecol. 70: 289-300.
9. Brown J. S. 1988. Patch use as an indicator of habitat preference, predation risk, and competition. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 22: 37-47.
10. Brown J. S. and Mitchell W. A. 1989. Diet selection on depletable resources. Oikos 54: 33-43.
11. Brown J. S. and Kotler B. P. 2004. Hazardous duty pay and the foraging cost of predation. Ecol. Lett. 7: 999-1014.
12. Burlison A. J. et al. 1991. Sward canopy structure and the bite dimensions and bite weight of grazing sheep. Grass Forage Sci. 46: 29-38.
13. Burnham K. P. and Anderson D. R. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: a pratical information-theoretic approach, 2nd ed. - Springer.
14. Cezilly F. and Benhamou S. 1996. Optimal foraging strategies: a review. Rev. Ecol. Terre Vie 51: 43-86.
15. Charnov E. L. 1976. Optimal foraging, marginal value theorem. Theor. Popul. Biol. 9: 129-136.
16. Courant S. and Giraldeau L.-A. 2008. Conspecific presence makes exploiting cryptic prey more difficult in wild-caught nutmeg mannikins. Anim. Behav. 75: 1101-1108.
17. Courant S. and Fortin D. 2010. Foraging decisions of bison for rapid energy gains can explain the relative risk to neighboring plants in complex swards. Ecology 91: 1841-1849.
18. Creel S. and Winnie J. A. 2005. Responses of elk herd size to fine-scale spatial and temporal variation in the risk of predation by wolves. Anim. Behav. 69: 1181-1189.
19. Creel S. et al. 2005. Elk alter habitat selection as an antipredator response to wolves. Ecology 86: 3387-3397.
20. Cresswell W. 1997. Interference competition at low competitor densities in blackbirds Turdus merula. J. Anim. Ecol. 66: 461-471.
21. Danchin E. et al. 2004. Public information: from nosy neighbors to cultural evolution. Science 305: 487-491.
22. Dehn M. M. 1990. Vigilance for predators - detection and dilution effects. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 26: 337-342.
23. Demment M. W. and Van Soest P. J. 1985. A nutritional explanation for body-size patterns of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores. Am. Nat. 125: 641-672.
24. Dumont B. et al. 2002. Foraging in patchy grasslands: diet selection by sheep and cattle is affected by the abundance and spatial distribution of preferred species. Anim. Res. 51: 367-381.
25. Du Toit J. T. and Owen-Smith N. 1989. Body size, population metabolism, and habitat specialization among large African herbivores. Am. Nat. 133: 736-740.
26. Farnsworth K. D. and Illius A. W. 1998. Optimal diet choice for large herbivores: an extended contingency model. Funct. Ecol. 12: 74-81.
27. Fischhoff I. R. et al. 2007. Habitat use and movements of plains zebra (Equus burchelli) in response to predation in danger from lions. Behav. Ecol. 18: 725-729.
28. Fortin D. 2001. An adjustment of the extended contingency model of Farnsworth and Illius (1998). Funct. Ecol. 15: 138-139.
29. Fortin D. 2003. Searching behavior and use of sampling information by free-ranging bison (Bos bison). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 54: 194-203.
30. Fortin D. and Fortin M. E. 2009. Group-size-dependent association between food profitability, predation risk and distribution of free-ranging bison. Anim. Behav. 78: 887-892.
31. Fortin D. et al. 2002. The temporal scale of foraging decisions in bison. Ecology 83: 970-982.
32. Fortin D. et al. 2003. Foraging ecology of bison at the landscape and plant community levels: the applicability of energy maximization principles. Oecologia 134: 219-227.
33. Fortin D. et al. 2004a. Multi-tasking by mammalian herbivores: overlapping processes during foraging. Ecology 85: 2312-2322.
34. Fortin D. et al. 2004b. Foraging costs of vigilance in large mammalian herbivores. Oikos 107: 172-180.
35. Fortin D. et al. 2009. Group-size-mediated habitat selection and group fusion-fission dynamics of bison under predation risk. Ecology 90: 2480-2490.
36. Fraser C. P. et al. 2006. Public information and patch estimation for group foragers: a re-evaluation of patch-quitting strategies in a patchy environment. Oikos 112: 311-321.
37. Geist V. 1974. On the relationship of social evolution and ecology in ungulates. Am. Zool. 14: 205-220.
38. Goss-Custard J. D. 1980. Competition for food and interference among waders. Ardea 68: 31-52.
39. Graham M. H. 2003. Confronting multicollinearity in ecological multiple regression. Ecology 84: 2809-2815.
40. Gyimesi A. et al. 2010. Nonlinear effects of food aggregation on interference competition in mallards. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 64: 1897-1904.
41. Hambäck P. A. and Beckerman A. P. 2003. Herbivory and plant resource competition: a review of two interacting interactions. Oikos 101: 26-37.
42. Hebblewhite M. et al. 2008. A multi-scale test of the forage maturation hypothesis in a partially migratory ungulate population. Ecol. Monogr. 78: 141-166.
43. Heller R. 1980. On optimal diet in a patchy environment. Theor. Popul. Biol. 17: 201-214.
44. Hochman V. and Kotler B. P. 2007. Patch use, apprehension, and vigilance behavior of Nubian ibex under perceived risk of predation. Behav. Ecol. 18: 368-374.
45. Hodson J. et al. 2010. Fine-scale disturbances shape space-use patterns of a boreal forest herbivore. J. Mammal. 91: 607-619.
46. Illius A. W. and Gordon I. J. 1992. Modeling the nutritional ecology of ungulate herbivores - evolution of body size and competitive interactions. Oecologia 89: 428-434.
47. Illius A. W. and Fitzgibbon C. 1994. Costs of vigilance in foraging ungulates. Anim. Behav. 47: 481-484.
48. Iwasa Y. et al. 1981. Prey distribution as a factor determining the choice of optimal foraging strategy. Am. Nat. 117: 710-723.
49. Jarman P. J. 1974. The social organisation of antelope in relation to their ecology. Behaviour 48: 215-267.
50. Klaassen R. H. G. et al. 2006. Movement of foraging tundra swans explained by spatial pattern in cryptic food densities. Ecology 87: 2244-2254.
51. Kotler B. P. et al. 1994. Applying patch use to assess aspects of foraging behavior in Nubian ibex. J. Wildlife Manage. 58: 299-307.
52. Krause J. and Ruxton G. D. 2002. Living in groups. - Oxford Univ. Press.
53. Laca E. A. et al. 1994. Mechanisms of handling time and intake rate of a large mammalian grazer. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 39: 3-19.
54. Lima S. L. 1998. Nonlethal effects in the ecology of predator-prey interactions - what are the ecological effects of anti-predator decision-making? Bioscience 48: 25-34.
55. Lima S. L. and Dill L. M. 1990. Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation - a review and prospectus. Can. J. Zool. 68: 619-640.
56. Lima S. L. and Bednekoff P. A. 1999. Temporal variation in danger drives antipredator behavior: the predation risk allocation hypothesis. Am. Nat. 153: 649-659.
57. Lucas J. R. and Schmidhempel P. 1988. Diet choice in patches - time-constraint and state-space solutions. J. Theor. Biol. 131: 307-332.
58. Mao J. S. et al. 2005. Habitat selection by elk before and after wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park. J. Wildlife Manage. 69: 1691-1707.
59. McNair J. N. 1982. Optimal giving-up times and the marginal value theorem. Am. Nat. 119: 511-529.
60. McNamara J. M. et al. 1993. Combining prey choice and patch use - what does rate-maximizing predict? J. Theor. Biol. 164: 219-238.
61. Mitchell W. A. 1990. An optimal control theory of diet selection: the effects of resource depletion and exploitative competition. Oikos 58: 16-24.
62. Mitchell W. A. and Lima S. L. 2002. Predator-prey shell games: large-scale movement and its implications for decision-making by prey. Oikos 99: 249-259.
63. Owen-Smith N. and Novellie P. 1982. What should a clever ungulate eat? Am. Nat. 119: 151-178.
64. Pays O. et al. 2007. Coordination, independence or synchronization of individual vigilance in the eastern grey kangaroo? Anim. Behav. 73: 595-604.
65. Redfern J. V. et al. 2003. Surface-water constraints on herbivore foraging in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ecology 84: 2092-2107.
66. Roguet C. et al. 1998. Selection and use of feeding sites and feeding stations by herbivores: a review. Ann. Zootech. 47: 225-244.
67. Scharf I. et al. 2009. Consequences of food distribution for optimal searching behavior: an evolutionary model. Evol. Ecol. 23: 245-259.
68. Searle K. R. et al. 2005a. Should I stay or should I go? Patch departure decisions by herbivores at multiple scales. Oikos 111: 417-424.
69. Searle K. R. et al. 2005b. Gain functions for large herbivores: tests of alternative models. J. Anim. Ecol. 74: 181-189.
70. Shi J. B. et al. 2010. Group-size effect on vigilance and foraging in a predator-free population of feral goats (Capra hircus) on the Isle of Rum, NW Scotland. Ethology 116: 329-337.
71. Shipley L. A. 2007. The influence of bite size on foraging at larger spatial and temporal scales by mammalian herbivores. Oikos 116: 1964-1974.
72. Shipley L. A. et al. 1998. Diet choices made by free-ranging moose in northern Sweden in relation to plant distribution, chemistry and morphology. Can. J. Zool. 76: 1722-1733.
73. Shrader A. M. et al. 2007. Social information, social feeding, and competition in group-living goats (Capra hircus). Behav. Ecol. 18: 103-107.
74. Sibbald A. M. et al. 2008. Effects of social behaviour on the spatial distribution of sheep grazing a complex vegetation mosaic. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 115: 149-159.
75. Smit I. P. J. 2011. Resources driving landscape-scale distribution patterns of grazers in an African savanna. Ecography 34: 67-74.
76. Stephens D. W. and Krebs J. R. 1986. Foraging theory. - Princeton Univ. Press.
77. Stokke S. and Du Toit J. T. 2000. Sex and size related differences in the dry season feeding patterns of elephants in Chobe National Park, Botswana. Ecography 23: 70-80.
78. Tilley J. M. A. and Terry R. A. 1963. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Grass Forage Sci. 18: 104-111.
79. Vahl W. K. et al. 2007. Interference competition, the spatial distribution of food and free-living foragers. Anim. Behav. 74: 1493-1503.
80. Valeix M. et al. 2009. Behavioral adjustments of African herbivores to predation risk by lions: spatiotemporal variations influence habitat use. Ecology 90: 23-30.
81. Wajnberg E. et al. 2006. Optimal patch time allocation for time-limited foragers. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 60: 1-10.
82. Wilmshurst J. F. and Fryxell J. M. 1995. Patch selection by red deer in relation to energy and protein-intake - a reevaluation of Langvatn and Hanley's (1993) result. Oecologia 104: 297-300.
83. Wilmshurst J. F. et al. 2000. The allometry of patch selection in ruminants. Proc. R. Soc. B 267: 345-349.