Resources driving landscape-scale distribution patterns of grazers in an African savanna

Ecography

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 67-74

  Smit, Izak P J ^a,b  

^a SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL PARKS   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AERIAL SURVEY; ALLOMETRY; CENSUS; DATA SET; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; FORAGE; GRAZING; GUILD; HERBIVORE; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; NUMERICAL MODEL; PREDATION RISK; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; RUMINANT; SAVANNA; SEASONALITY; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE WATER; VULNERABILITY;

KRUGER NATIONAL PARK; SOUTH AFRICA;

BOVIDAE;

EID: 79952416213     PISSN: 09067590     EISSN: 16000587     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06029.x     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Alcamo, J. et al. 2003. Ecosystems and human well-being: a framework for assessment. Island Press.
2. Anselin, L. 2003. An introduction to point pattern analysis using CrimeStat. Spatial Analysis Laboratory, Dept of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign .
3. Augustine, N. H. et al. 1996. An autologistic model for the spatial distribution of wildlife. J. Appl. Ecol. 33: 339-347.
4. Bell, R. H. V. 1971. A grazing ecosystem in the Serengeti. Sci. Am. 224: 86-93.
5. Bergstrom, R. and Skarpe, C. 1999. The abundance of large wild herbivores in a semi-arid savanna in relation to season, pan and livestock. Afr. J. Ecol. 37: 12-26.
6. Berry, H. H. and Louw, G. N. 1982. Nutritional measurements in a population of free-ranging wildebeest in the Etosha National Park. Madoqua 13: 101-125.
7. Boll, T. et al. 2005. Spatial distribution and environmental preferences of the piassaba palm Aphandra natalia (Arecaceae) along the Pastaza and Urituyacu rivers in Peru. For. Ecol. Manage. 213: 175-183.
8. Bowerman, B. L. and O'Connell, R. T. 1990. Linear statistical models: an applied approach. Duxbury Press.
9. Brownstein, J. S. et al. 2003. A climate-based model predicts the spatial distribution of the lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in the United States. Environ. Health Perspect. 111: 1152-1157.
10. Buckland, S. T. and Elston, D. A. 1993. Empirical models for the spatial distribution of wildlife. J. Appl. Ecol. 30: 478-495.
11. Cain, J. W. et al. 2006. Mechanisms of thermoregulation and water balance in desert ungulates. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 34: 570-581.
12. Cillie, B. 1987. Soogdiere van Suider-Afrika. Frandsen-publishers.
13. Cromsigt, J. P. G. M. 2006. Large herbivores in space. Resource partitioning among savanna grazers in a heterogeneous environment Ph.D. thesis, Rijksuniv. Groningen.
14. de Leeuw, J. et al. 2001. Distribution and diversity of wildlife in northern Kenya in relation to livestock and permanent water points. Biol. Conserv. 100: 297-306.
15. Dekker, B. et al. 1996. Habitat partitioning by ungulates on a game ranch in the Mopani veld. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 26: 117-122.
16. Demment, M. W. and van der Soest, P. J. 1985. A nutritional explanation for body size patterns of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores. Am. Nat. 125: 641-672.
17. Dorgeloh, W. G. 2001. A draft habitat suitability model for roan antelope in the Nylsvley Nature Reserve, South Africa. Afr. J. Ecol. 39: 313-316.
18. du Toit, J. T. and Owen-Smith, N. 1989. Body size, population metabolism, and habitat specialization among large African herbivores. Am. Nat. 133: 736-740.
19. Dunham, K. H. et al. 2003. Population decline of tsessebe antelope (Damaliscus lunatus lunatus) on a mixed cattle and wildlife ranch in Zimbabwe. Biol. Conserv. 113: 111-124.
20. Funston, P. J. et al. 1994. Seasonal variation in movement patterns, home range and habitat selection of buffaloes in a semi-arid habitat. Afr. J. Ecol. 32: 100-114.
21. Geist, V. 1974. On the relationship of social evolution and ecology in ungulates. Am. Zool. 14: 205-220.
22. Gertenbach, W. P. D. 1980. Rainfall patterns in the Kruger National Park. Koedoe 23: 35-44.
23. Gertenbach, W. P. D. 1983. Landscapes of the Kruger National Park. Koedoe 26: 35-44.
24. Gordon, I. J. and Illius, A. W. 1989. Resource partitioning by ungulates in the Isle of Rhum. Oecologia 79: 383-389.
25. Gureja, N. and Owen-Smith, N. 2002. Comparative use of burnt grassland by rare antelope species in a lowveld game ranch, South Africa. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 32: 31-38.
26. Heitkoenig, I. M. A. and Owen-Smith, N. 1998. Seasonal selection of soil types and grass swards by roan antelope in a South African savanna. Afr. J. Ecol. 36: 57-70.
27. Hirst, S. M. 1975. Ungulate-habitat relationships in a South African woodland/ savanna ecosystem. Wildl. Monogr. 44: 3-60.
28. Hopcraft, J. G. C. et al. 2005. Planning for success: Serengeti lions seek prey accessibility rather than abundance. J. Anim. Ecol. 74: 559-566.
29. Hosmer, D. W. and Lemeshow, S. 1989. Applied logistic regression. Wiley.
30. Hunter, C. G. 1996. Land uses on the Botswana/Zimbabwe border and their effects on buffalo. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 26: 136-150.
31. Iason, G. and van Wieren, S. E. 1999. Digestive and ingestive adaptations of mammalian herbivores to low-quality forage. - In: Olff, H. et al (eds), Herbivores: between plants and predators. Blackwell, pp. 337-370.
32. Illius, A. W. and Gordon, I. J. 1992. Modelling the nutritional ecology of ungulate herbivores: evolution of body size and competitive interactions. Oecologia 89: 428-434.
33. Jarman, P. J. 1974. The social organization of antelope in relation to their ecology. Behaviour 48: 215-267.
34. Johnson, C. J. et al. 2004. A quantitative approach to conservation planning: using resource selection functions to map the distribution of mountain caribou at multiple spatial scales. J. Appl. Ecol. 41: 238-251.
35. Johnson, C. J. et al. 2005. Quantifying patch distribution at multiple spatial scales: applications to wildlife-habitat models. Landscape Ecol. 19: 869-882.
36. Kemp, A. C. et al. 1997. A visual assessment of vegetation structure for the Kruger National Park. Koedoe 40: 117-121.
37. Knapp, R. A. et al. 2003. Developing probabilistic models to predict amphibian site occupancy in a patchy landscape. Ecol. Appl. 13: 1069-1082.
38. Kruger, J. M. et al. 2008. Application of distance sampling to estimate population densities of large herbivores in Kruger National Park. Wildl. Res. 35: 371-376.
39. Legendre, P. and Legendre, L. 1998. Numerical ecology. Elsevier.
40. Lichstein, J. W. et al. 2002. Spatial autocorrelation and autoregressive models in ecology. Ecol. Monogr. 72: 445-463.
41. Louw, G. N. 1984. Water deprivation in herbivores under arid conditions. - In: Gilchrist, F. M and Mackie, R. I. (eds), Herbivore nutrition in the subtropics and tropics. Science Press, pp. 106-126.
42. Melton, D. A. 1978. Ecology of waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus (Ogilby, 1833) in the Umfolozi Game Reserve D.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Pretoria.
43. Mills, M. G. L. et al. 1995. The relationship between rainfall, lion predation and population trends in African herbivores. Wildl. Res. 22: 75-88.
44. Naiman, R. J. et al. 2003. Interactions between species and ecosystem characteristics. - In: du Toit, J. T. et al (eds), The Kruger experience: ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity. Island Press, pp. 221-241.
45. Olivera-Gomez, L. D. and Mellink, E. 2005. Distribution of the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) as a function of habitat characteristics, in Bahia de Chetumal, Mexico. Biol. Conserv. 121: 127-133.
46. Owen-Smith, N. 1996. Ecological guidelines for waterpoints in extensive protected areas. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 26: 107-112.
47. Owen-Smith, N. and Ogutu, J. 2003. Rainfall influences on ungulate population dynamics. - In: du Toit, J. T. et al (eds), The Kruger experience: ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity. Island Press, pp. 310-331.
48. Prins, H. H. T and Iason, G. R. 1989. Dangerous lions and nonchalant buffalo. Behaviour 108: 262-296.
49. Redfern, J. V. 2002. Manipulating surface water availability to manage herbivore distributions in the Kruger National Park, South Africa Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of California.
50. Redfern, J. V. et al. 2003. Surface-water constraints on herbivore foraging in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ecology (Durh.) 84: 2092-2107.
51. Scheel, D. 1993. Watching for lions in the grass: the usefulness of scanning and its effects during hunts. Anim. Behav. 46: 695-704.
52. Scholes, M. C. et al. 2003. Biogeochemistry: the cycling of elements. - In: du Toit, J. T. et al (eds), The Kruger experience: ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity. Island Press, pp. 130-148.
53. Sinclair, A. R. E. et al. 2003. Patterns of predation in a diverse predator-prey system. Nature 425: 288-290.
54. Skarpe, C. et al. 2000. Browsing in a heterogeneous savanna. Ecography 23: 632-640.
55. Skinner, J. D. and Smithers, R. H. N. 1990. The mammals of the Southern African Subregion. Univ. of Pretoria.
56. Smit, I. P. J. 2007. Artificial surface-water provision in a semi-arid savanna. A spatio-temporal analysis of herbivore distribution patterns in relation to artificial waterholes under different habitat, rainfall and management scenarios in the Kruger National Park, South Africa Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Cambridge.
57. Smit, I. P. J and Grant, C. C. 2009. Managing surface-water in a large semi-arid savanna park: effects on grazer distribution patterns. J. Nat. Conserv. 17: 61-71.
58. Smit, I. P. J. et al. 2007a. Do artificial waterholes influence the way herbivores use the landscape? Herbivore distribution patterns around rivers and artificial surface water sources in a large African savanna park. Biol. Conserv. 136: 85-99.
59. Smit, I. P. J. et al. 2007b. Landscape-scale sexual segregation in the dry season distribution and resource utilisation of elephants in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Divers. Distrib. 13: 225-236.
60. Stalmans, M. et al. 2001. A landscape ecological approach to address scaling problems in conservation management and monitoring. Environ. Manage. 28: 389-401.
61. Stokke, S. and du Toit, J. T. 2000. Sex and size related differences in the dry season feeding patterns of elephants in Chobe National Park, Botswana. Ecography 23: 70-80.
62. Tognelli, M. F. and Kelt, D. A. 2004. Analysis of determinants of mammalian species richness in South America using spatial autoregressive models. Ecography 27: 427-436.
63. Trollope, W. S. W. and Potgieter, A. L. F. 1986. Estimating grass fuel loads with a disc pasture meter in the Kruger National Park. J. Grassland Soc. S. Afr. 3: 148-152.
64. Trollope, W. S. W. et al. 1989. Assessing veld condition in the Kruger National Park using key grass species. Koedoe 32: 67-93.
65. Underwood, R. 1982. Vigilance behaviour in grazing African antelopes. Behaviour 79: 81-107.
66. Van Oudtshoorn, F. P. 1992. Guide to the grasses of South Africa. Briza Publ.
67. Venter, F. J. et al. 2003. The abiotic template and its associated vegetation pattern. - In: du Toit, J. T. et al (eds), The Kruger experience: ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity. Island Press, pp. 83-129.
68. Voeten, M. M and Prins, H. H. T. 1999. Resource partitioning between sympatric wild and domestic herbivores in the Tarangire region of Tanzania. Oecologia 120: 287-294.
69. Western, D. 1975. Water availability and its influence on the structure and dynamics of a savannah large mammal community. East Afr. Wildl. J. 13: 265-286.
70. Wilmshurst, J. F. et al. 1999. Spatial distribution of Serengeti wildebeest in relation to resources. Can. J. Zool. 77: 1223-1232.
71. Wilmshurst, J. F. et al. 2000. The allometry of patch selection in ruminants. Proc. R. Soc. B 267: 345-349.
72. Wirtz, P. and Kaiser, P. 1988. Sex differences and seasonal variation in habitat choice in a high density population of waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus (Bovidae). Z. Saugetierkd. 53: 162-169.
73. Wu, H. and Huffer, F. W. 1997. Modelling the distribution of plant species using the autologistic regression model. Environ. Ecol. Stat. 4: 49-64.
74. Young, E. 1970. Water as faktor in die ekologie van wild in die nasionale Krugerwildtuin Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Pretoria.