메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 288-295

Trachoma: An update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment

Author keywords

azithromycin; chlamydia; confocal microscopy; neglected tropical disease; nucleic acid amplification tests; trachoma

Indexed keywords

AZITHROMYCIN;

EID: 84862584029     PISSN: 10408738     EISSN: 15317021     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e32835438fc     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 83455236511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trachoma and antibiotic use: The A in SAFE
    • West S. Trachoma and antibiotic use: the 'A' in SAFE. Expert Rev Anti Infectv Ther 2012; 10:75-83.
    • (2012) Expert. Rev. Anti. Infectv. Ther. , vol.10 , pp. 75-83
    • West, S.1
  • 4
    • 0642306403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global elimination of blinding trachoma: Progress and promise
    • Kumaresan J, Mecaskey J. The global elimination of blinding trachoma: progress and promise. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003; 24-28.
    • (2003) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , pp. 24-28
    • Kumaresan, J.1    Mecaskey, J.2
  • 6
    • 0037527539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical review of the SAFE strategy for the prevention of blinding trachoma
    • Kuper H, Solomon AW, Buchan J, et al. A critical review of the SAFE strategy for the prevention of blinding trachoma. Lancet Infect Dis 2003; 3:372-381.
    • (2003) Lancet Infect. Dis. , vol.3 , pp. 372-381
    • Kuper, H.1    Solomon, A.W.2    Buchan, J.3
  • 9
    • 0023231390 scopus 로고
    • A simple system for the assessment of trachoma and its complications
    • Thylefors B, Dawson CR, Jones BR, et al. A simple system for the assessment of trachoma and its complications. Bull World Health Organ 1987; 65:477-483.
    • (1987) Bull World Health Organ , vol.65 , pp. 477-483
    • Thylefors, B.1    Dawson, C.R.2    Jones, B.R.3
  • 11
    • 0034117617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of trachoma: The histopathology and the mechanism of progressive cicatrization of eyelid tissues
    • Guzey M, Ozardali I, Basar E, et al. A survey of trachoma: the histopathology and the mechanism of progressive cicatrization of eyelid tissues. Ophthalmologica 2000; 214:277-284.
    • (2000) Ophthalmologica , vol.214 , pp. 277-284
    • Guzey, M.1    Ozardali, I.2    Basar, E.3
  • 12
    • 67650796427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of topical cyclosporine a treatment on corneal thickness in patients with trachomatous dry eye
    • Guzey M, Satici A, Karaman SK, et al. The effect of topical cyclosporine treatment on corneal thickness in patients with trachomatous dry eye. Clin Exp Optom 2009; 92:349-355.
    • (2009) Clin. Exp. Optom. , vol.92 , pp. 349-355
    • Guzey, M.1    Satici, A.2    Karaman, S.K.3
  • 13
    • 27744436692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised controlled trial of azithromycin following surgery for trachomatous trichiasis in the gambia
    • Burton M, Kinteh F, Jallow O, et al. A randomised controlled trial of azithromycin following surgery for trachomatous trichiasis in The Gambia. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:1282-1288.
    • (2005) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.89 , pp. 1282-1288
    • Burton, M.1    Kinteh, F.2    Jallow, O.3
  • 15
    • 0037569199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the diagnosis of trachoma adequately identify ocular chlamydial infection in trachoma-endemic areas
    • Bird M, Dawson CR, Schachter JS, et al. Does the diagnosis of trachoma adequately identify ocular chlamydial infection in trachoma-endemic areas? J Infect Dis 2003; 187:1669-1673.
    • (2003) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.187 , pp. 1669-1673
    • Bird, M.1    Dawson, C.R.2    Schachter, J.S.3
  • 16
    • 78650875277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjunctival transcriptome in scarring trachoma
    • Burton MJ, Rajak SN, Bauer J, et al. Conjunctival transcriptome in scarring trachoma. Infect Immun 2011; 79:499-511.
    • (2011) Infect. Immun. , vol.79 , pp. 499-511
    • Burton, M.J.1    Rajak, S.N.2    Bauer, J.3
  • 18
    • 65549125432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of trachoma infection and disease in a Gambian cohort with frequent follow-up
    • Grassly NC, Ward ME, Ferris S, et al. The natural history of trachoma infection and disease in a Gambian cohort with frequent follow-up. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008; 2:e341.
    • (2008) PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.2
    • Grassly, N.C.1    Ward, M.E.2    Ferris, S.3
  • 19
    • 0033374375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The duration of human ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection is age dependent
    • Bailey R, Duong T, Carpenter R, et al. The duration of human ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection is age dependent. Epidemiol Infect 1999; 479-486.
    • (1999) Epidemiol. Infect. , pp. 479-486
    • Bailey, R.1    Duong, T.2    Carpenter, R.3
  • 20
    • 84855722906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active trachoma is associated with increased conjunctival expression of IL17A and profibrotic cytokines
    • Burton MJ, Ramadhani A, Weiss HA, et al. Active trachoma is associated with increased conjunctival expression of IL17A and profibrotic cytokines. Infect Immun 2011; 79:4977-4983.
    • (2011) Infect. Immun. , vol.79 , pp. 4977-4983
    • Burton, M.J.1    Ramadhani, A.2    Weiss, H.A.3
  • 21
    • 80053317895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is causing active trachoma the role of nonchlamydial bacterial pathogens in a low prevalence setting
    • Burton MJ, Hu VH, Massae P, et al. What is causing active trachoma? The role of nonchlamydial bacterial pathogens in a low prevalence setting. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:6012-6017.
    • (2011) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 6012-6017
    • Burton, M.J.1    Hu, V.H.2    Massae, P.3
  • 22
    • 84857084980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immune responses and modified extracellular matrix regulation characterize bacterial infection and cellular connective tissue changes in scarring trachoma
    • Hu VH, Weiss HA, Ramadhani AM, et al. Innate immune responses and modified extracellular matrix regulation characterize bacterial infection and cellular/connective tissue changes in scarring trachoma. Infect Immun 2012; 80:121-130.
    • Infect. Immun. , vol.2012 , Issue.80 , pp. 121-130
    • Hu, V.H.1    Weiss, H.A.2    Ramadhani, A.M.3
  • 24
    • 0014089395 scopus 로고
    • Pannus with experimental trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis agent infection of taiwan monkeys
    • Suppl
    • Wang SP, Grayston JT. Pannus with experimental trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis agent infection of Taiwan monkeys. Am J Ophthalmol 1967; 63 (Suppl):1133-1145.
    • (1967) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.63 , pp. 1133-1145
    • Wang, S.P.1    Grayston, J.T.2
  • 26
    • 80055117011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A live-attenuated chlamydial vaccine protects against trachoma in nonhuman primates
    • Kari L, Whitmire WM, Olivares-Zavaleta N, et al. A live-attenuated chlamydial vaccine protects against trachoma in nonhuman primates. J Exp Med 2011; 208:2217-2223.
    • (2011) J. Exp. Med. , vol.208 , pp. 2217-2223
    • Kari, L.1    Whitmire, W.M.2    Olivares-Zavaleta, N.3
  • 27
    • 79953905630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow resolution of clinically active trachoma following successful mass antibiotic treatments
    • Keenan JD, Lakew T, Alemayehu W, et al. Slow resolution of clinically active trachoma following successful mass antibiotic treatments. Arch Ophthalmol- Chic 2011; 129:512-513.
    • (2011) Arch. Ophthalmol-Chic. , vol.129 , pp. 512-513
    • Keenan, J.D.1    Lakew, T.2    Alemayehu, W.3
  • 28
    • 84855386933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can clinical signs of trachoma be used after multiple rounds of mass antibiotic treatment to indicate infection
    • Munoz B, Stare D, Mkocha H, et al. Can clinical signs of trachoma be used after multiple rounds of mass antibiotic treatment to indicate infection? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:8806-8810.
    • (2011) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 8806-8810
    • Munoz, B.1    Stare, D.2    Mkocha, H.3
  • 29
    • 79551571785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and baseline data of a randomized trial to evaluate coverage and frequency of mass treatment with azithromycin: The partnership for rapid elimination of trachoma PRET in tanzania and the gambia
    • Group OBOPS
    • Stare D, Harding-Esch E, Munoz B, et al., Group OBOPS. Design and baseline data of a randomized trial to evaluate coverage and frequency of mass treatment with azithromycin: The Partnership for Rapid Elimination of Trachoma (PRET) in Tanzania and The Gambia. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 18:20-29.
    • Ophthalmic. Epidemiol. , vol.18 , pp. 20-29
    • Stare, D.1    Harding-Esch, E.2    Munoz, B.3
  • 30
    • 79953800333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of clinical trachoma and infection in Aboriginal communities
    • Michel C-EC, Roper KG, Divena MA, et al. Correlation of clinical trachoma and infection in Aboriginal communities. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e986.
    • (2011) PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.5
    • Michel, C.-E.C.1    Roper, K.G.2    Divena, M.A.3
  • 31
    • 29244469410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical examination versus chlamydia trachomatis assays to guide antibiotic use in trachoma control programmes
    • 5-6 author reply
    • Solomon AW, Foster A, Mabey DCW. Clinical examination versus Chlamydia trachomatis assays to guide antibiotic use in trachoma control programmes. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6:5-6; author reply 7-8.
    • (2006) Lancet Infect. Dis. , vol.6 , pp. 7-8
    • Solomon, A.W.1    Foster, A.2    Mabey, D.C.W.3
  • 32
    • 84555209231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ribosomal RNA evidence of ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection following 3 annual mass azithromycin distributions in communities with highly prevalent trachoma
    • Keenan JD, Ayele B, Gebre T, et al. Ribosomal RNA evidence of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection following 3 annual mass azithromycin distributions in communities with highly prevalent trachoma. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54:253-256.
    • Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.2012 , Issue.54 , pp. 253-256
    • Keenan, J.D.1    Ayele, B.2    Gebre, T.3
  • 33
    • 80051516705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How reliable are tests for trachoma a latent class approach
    • See CW, Alemayehu W, Melese M, et al. How reliable are tests for trachoma?: A latent class approach. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:6133-6137.
    • (2011) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 6133-6137
    • See, C.W.1    Alemayehu, W.2    Melese, M.3
  • 34
    • 33947600829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of an rRNA-based and DNA-based nucleic acid amplification test for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis in trachoma
    • Yang JL, Schachter J, Moncada J, et al. Comparison of an rRNA-based and DNA-based nucleic acid amplification test for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in trachoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91:293-295.
    • (2007) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.91 , pp. 293-295
    • Yang, J.L.1    Schachter, J.2    Moncada, J.3
  • 36
    • 79953326536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo confocal microscopy of trachoma in relation to normal tarsal conjunctiva
    • This study proposes a grading system to characterize conjunctival scarring and inflammation, representing the first time confocal microscopy has been applied to trachoma
    • Hu VH, Massae P, Weiss HA, et al. In vivo confocal microscopy of trachoma in relation to normal tarsal conjunctiva. Ophthalmology 2011; 118:747-754. This study proposes a grading system to characterize conjunctival scarring and inflammation, representing the first time confocal microscopy has been applied to trachoma.
    • (2011) Ophthalmology , vol.118 , pp. 747-754
    • Hu, V.H.1    Massae, P.2    Weiss, H.A.3
  • 37
    • 80255129217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo confocal microscopy in scarring trachoma
    • Hu VH, Weiss HA, Massae P, et al. In vivo confocal microscopy in scarring trachoma. Ophthalmology 2011; 118:2138-2146.
    • (2011) Ophthalmology , vol.118 , pp. 2138-2146
    • Hu, V.H.1    Weiss, H.A.2    Massae, P.3
  • 38
    • 26244436818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection with chlamydia trachomatis after mass treatment of a trachoma hyperendemic community in tanzania: A longitudinal study
    • West S, Munoz B, Mkocha H, et al. Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis after mass treatment of a trachoma hyperendemic community in Tanzania: a longitudinal study. Lancet 2005; 366:1296-1300.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1296-1300
    • West, S.1    Munoz, B.2    Mkocha, H.3
  • 39
    • 20144387380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-emergence of chlamydia trachomatis infection after mass antibiotic treatment of a trachoma-endemic gambian community: A longitudinal study
    • Burton M, Holland M, Makalo P, et al. Re-emergence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection after mass antibiotic treatment of a trachoma-endemic Gambian community: a longitudinal study. Lancet 2005; 365:1321-1328.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1321-1328
    • Burton, M.1    Holland, M.2    Makalo, P.3
  • 40
    • 79958732561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Number of years of annual mass treatment with azithromycin needed to control trachoma in hyper-endemic communities in tanzania
    • This study examined communities after multiple years of MDA in previously hyperendemic areas (average prevalence 51% in children under 5). A regression model predicts that more than 7 years of annual treatment is needed to achieve control of hyperendemic communities. Further examination of antibiotic coverage and its relation to the reduction of infection can provide insight into effective treatment strategies
    • West SK, Munoz B, Mkocha H, et al. Number of years of annual mass treatment with azithromycin needed to control trachoma in hyper-endemic communities in Tanzania. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:268-273. This study examined communities after multiple years of MDA in previously hyperendemic areas (average prevalence 51% in children under 5). A regression model predicts that more than 7 years of annual treatment is needed to achieve control of hyperendemic communities. Further examination of antibiotic coverage and its relation to the reduction of infection can provide insight into effective treatment strategies.
    • (2011) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.204 , pp. 268-273
    • West, S.K.1    Munoz, B.2    Mkocha, H.3
  • 41
    • 84855858853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of annual versus twice-yearly mass azithromycin treatment for hyperendemic trachoma in ethiopia: A cluster-randomised trial
    • 10.1016/S0140-6736(11) 61515-8. This community-randomized trial in 24 subdistricts in northern Ethiopia demonstrated rapid elimination of ocular infection in biannual treatment groups. However, after 42 months, prevalence was similar to annual treatment groups
    • Gebre T, Ayele B, Zerihun M, et al. Comparison of annual versus twice-yearly mass azithromycin treatment for hyperendemic trachoma in Ethiopia:
    • (2011) Lancet
    • Gebre, T.1    Ayele, B.2    Zerihun, M.3
  • 42
    • 80053302976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do infants increase the risk of re-emergent infection in households after mass drug administration for trachoma
    • West SK, Stare D, Mkocha H, et al. Do infants increase the risk of re-emergent infection in households after mass drug administration for trachoma? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:6040-6042.
    • (2011) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 6040-6042
    • West, S.K.1    Stare, D.2    Mkocha, H.3
  • 43
    • 84857358437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlamydial infection during trachoma monitoring: Are the most difficult-to-reach children more likely to be infected
    • 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02919.x
    • Keenan JD, Moncada J, Gebre T, et al. Chlamydial infection during trachoma monitoring: are the most difficult-to-reach children more likely to be infected? Trop Med Int Health 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02919.x.
    • (2011) Trop. Med. Int. Health
    • Keenan, J.D.1    Moncada, J.2    Gebre, T.3
  • 44
    • 84855290904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for ocular chlamydia after three mass azithromycin distributions
    • Ayele B, Gebre T, Moncada J, et al. Risk factors for ocular Chlamydia after three mass azithromycin distributions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1441.
    • (2011) PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.5
    • Ayele, B.1    Gebre, T.2    Moncada, J.3
  • 45
    • 0033659295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Operational comparison of singledose azithromycin and topical tetracycline for trachoma
    • Bowman RJ, Sillah A, Van Dehn C, et al. Operational comparison of singledose azithromycin and topical tetracycline for trachoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41:4074-4079.
    • (2000) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 4074-4079
    • Bowman, R.J.1    Sillah, A.2    Van Dehn, C.3
  • 46
    • 80051484097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse events after mass azithromycin treatments for trachoma in ethiopia
    • Ayele B, Gebre T, House JI, et al. Adverse events after mass azithromycin treatments for trachoma in Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 85:291-294.
    • (2011) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.85 , pp. 291-294
    • Ayele, B.1    Gebre, T.2    House, J.I.3
  • 47
    • 34248215088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of short duration azithromycin eye drops versus azithromycin single oral dose for the treatment of trachoma in children: A randomised controlled double-masked clinical trial
    • Cochereau I, Goldschmidt P, Goepogui A, et al. Efficacy and safety of short duration azithromycin eye drops versus azithromycin single oral dose for the treatment of trachoma in children: a randomised, controlled, double-masked clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91:667-672.
    • (2007) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.91 , pp. 667-672
    • Cochereau, I.1    Goldschmidt, P.2    Goepogui, A.3
  • 48
    • 84856219941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of tarsal margin rotation and extended posterior lamellae advancement for end stage trachoma
    • 10.1097/IOP.0b013e318229b50e
    • Yagci A, Palamar M. Long-term results of tarsal margin rotation and extended posterior lamellae advancement for end stage trachoma. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2011. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0b013e318229b50e.
    • (2011) Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.
    • Yagci, A.1    Palamar, M.2
  • 50
    • 79955800120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clearing the backlog: Trichiasis surgeon retention and productivity in northern ethiopia
    • Habtamu E, Rajak SN, Gebre T, et al. Clearing the backlog: trichiasis surgeon retention and productivity in northern Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1014.
    • (2011) PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.5
    • Habtamu, E.1    Rajak, S.N.2    Gebre, T.3
  • 51
    • 0026750830 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of surgery for trachomatous trichiasis of the upper lid
    • Reacher MH, Munoz B, Alghassany A, et al. A controlled trial of surgery for trachomatous trichiasis of the upper lid. Arch Ophthalmol-Chic 1992; 110:667-674.
    • (1992) Arch. Ophthalmol.-Chic. , vol.110 , pp. 667-674
    • Reacher, M.H.1    Munoz, B.2    Alghassany, A.3
  • 52
    • 84555195316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical phenotype of trachomatous trichiasis in ethiopia: Not all trichiasis is due to entropion
    • Rajak SN, Habtamu E, Weiss HA, et al. The clinical phenotype of trachomatous trichiasis in Ethiopia: not all trichiasis is due to entropion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:7974-7980.
    • (2011) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 7974-7980
    • Rajak, S.N.1    Habtamu, E.2    Weiss, H.A.3
  • 53
    • 84855300769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epilation for trachomatous trichiasis and the risk of corneal opacification
    • Rajak SN, Habtamu E, Weiss HA, et al. Epilation for trachomatous trichiasis and the risk of corneal opacification. Ophthalmology 2012; 119:84-89.
    • (2012) Ophthalmology , vol.119 , pp. 84-89
    • Rajak, S.N.1    Habtamu, E.2    Weiss, H.A.3
  • 54
    • 84855180573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorbable versus silk sutures for surgical treatment of trachomatous trichiasis in ethiopia: A randomized controlled trial
    • This large surgical randomized clinical trial (RCT) found no difference in the risk of recurrent trichiasis after 1 year follow-up between absorbable and silk suture use. This is the only RCT in 2011 that examines surgical interventions for trachoma
    • Rajak SN, Habtamu E, Weiss HA, et al. Absorbable versus silk sutures for surgical treatment of trachomatous trichiasis in Ethiopia: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2011; 8:e1001137. This large surgical randomized clinical trial (RCT) found no difference in the risk of recurrent trichiasis after 1 year follow-up between absorbable and silk suture use. This is the only RCT in 2011 that examines surgical interventions for trachoma.
    • (2011) PLoS. Med. , vol.8
    • Rajak, S.N.1    Habtamu, E.2    Weiss, H.A.3
  • 55
    • 84855835106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fitness cost of antibiotic resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae: Insight from the field
    • Maher MC, Alemayehu W, Lakew T, et al. The fitness cost of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: insight from the field. PLoS ONE 2012; 7:e29407.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Maher, M.C.1    Alemayehu, W.2    Lakew, T.3
  • 56
    • 29844439697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind randomized study of azithromycin compared to chloroquine for the treatment of plasmodium vivax malaria in India
    • Dunne MW, Singh N, Shukla M, et al. A double-blind, randomized study of azithromycin compared to chloroquine for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria in India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 73:1108-1111.
    • (2005) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.73 , pp. 1108-1111
    • Dunne, M.W.1    Singh, N.2    Shukla, M.3
  • 57
    • 0037103096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse and beneficial secondary effects of mass treatment with azithromycin to eliminate blindness due to trachoma in nepal
    • Fry AM, Jha HC, Lietman TM, et al. Adverse and beneficial secondary effects of mass treatment with azithromycin to eliminate blindness due to trachoma in Nepal. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35:395-402.
    • (2002) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.35 , pp. 395-402
    • Fry, A.M.1    Jha, H.C.2    Lietman, T.M.3
  • 58
    • 79953747052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood mortality in a cohort treated with mass azithromycin for trachoma
    • In a cohort of 35 052 children above 1 year of age and 5507 children 1-5 years of age, there was a reduction in all-cause mortality in children who received azithromycin [odds ratio (OR) 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17-0.74]. This suggests that MDAs have secondary implications that extend beyond trachoma control
    • Keenan JD, Ayele B, Gebre T, et al. Childhood mortality in a cohort treated with mass azithromycin for trachoma. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52: 883-888. In a cohort of 35 052 children above 1 year of age and 5507 children 1-5 years of age, there was a reduction in all-cause mortality in children who received azithromycin [odds ratio (OR) 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17-0.74]. This suggests that MDAs have secondary implications that extend beyond trachoma control.
    • (2011) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.52 , pp. 883-888
    • Keenan, J.D.1    Ayele, B.2    Gebre, T.3
  • 59
    • 84858796271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass distribution of azithromycin for trachoma control is associated with short-term reduction in risk of acute lower respiratory infection in young children
    • 10.1097/INF.0b013e31824155c9
    • Coles CL, Levens J, Seidman JC, et al. Mass distribution of azithromycin for trachoma control is associated with short-term reduction in risk of acute lower respiratory infection in young children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e31824155c9
    • (2011) Pediatr Infect. Dis. J.
    • Coles, C.L.1    Levens, J.2    Seidman, J.C.3
  • 60
    • 0036461410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections
    • Williams BG, Gouws E, Boschi-Pinto C, et al. Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections. Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2:25-32
    • (2002) Lancet Infect. Dis. , vol.2 , pp. 25-32
    • Williams, B.G.1    Gouws, E.2    Boschi-Pinto, C.3
  • 62
    • 80053903902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of mass treatment with azithromycin in trachoma-endemic communities with short-term reduced risk of diarrhea in young children
    • Coles CL, Seidman JC, Levens J, et al. Association of mass treatment with azithromycin in trachoma-endemic communities with short-term reduced risk of diarrhea in young children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 85:691-696.
    • (2011) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.85 , pp. 691-696
    • Coles, C.L.1    Seidman, J.C.2    Levens, J.3
  • 63
    • 79958004178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of blinding trachoma in northern states of sudan
    • Hassan A, Ngondi JM, King JD, et al. The prevalence of blinding trachoma in northern states of Sudan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1027.
    • (2011) PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.5
    • Hassan, A.1    Ngondi, J.M.2    King, J.D.3
  • 64
    • 84863071734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the prevalence of visual impairment due to blinding trachoma in sichuan province china: A comparative study between 1987 and 2006
    • 10.3109/09286586.2011. 615451
    • Chen H, Wu X, Wei M, et al. Changes in the prevalence of visual impairment due to blinding trachoma in Sichuan Province, China: a comparative study between 1987 and 2006. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2011. doi: 10.3109/ 09286586.2011.615451.
    • (2011) Ophthalmic. Epidemiol.
    • Chen, H.1    Wu, X.2    Wei, M.3
  • 65
    • 84858435745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of trachoma in a single community 1975-2007
    • 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02672.x
    • Taylor Ac HR, English DR, Field MBA, et al. The prevalence of trachoma in a single community 1975-2007. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02672.x.
    • (2011) Clin. Experiment. Ophthalmol.
    • Taylor Ac, H.R.1    English, D.R.2    Field, M.B.A.3
  • 66
    • 79955757313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TANA study group: The epidemiological dynamics of infectious trachoma may facilitate elimination
    • Lietman TM, Gebre T, Ayele B, et al. TANA Study Group: the epidemiological dynamics of infectious trachoma may facilitate elimination. Epidemics 2011; 3:119-124.
    • (2011) Epidemics , vol.3 , pp. 119-124
    • Lietman, T.M.1    Gebre, T.2    Ayele, B.3
  • 67
    • 0037739730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eliminating trachoma in areas with limited disease
    • Gaynor BD, Miao Y, Cevallos V, et al. Eliminating trachoma in areas with limited disease. Emerging Infect Dis 2003; 9:596-598.
    • (2003) Emerging. Infect. Dis. , vol.9 , pp. 596-598
    • Gaynor, B.D.1    Miao, Y.2    Cevallos, V.3
  • 68
    • 7444228636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass treatment with single-dose azithromycin for trachoma
    • Solomon A, Holland M, Alexander N, et al. Mass treatment with single-dose azithromycin for trachoma. N Engl J Med 2004; 1962-1971.
    • (2004) N. Engl. J. Med. , pp. 1962-1971
    • Solomon, A.1    Holland, M.2    Alexander, N.3
  • 70
    • 79960826093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of trachoma in the five northern districts of sierra leone
    • Koroma JB, Heck E, Vandy M, et al. The epidemiology of trachoma in the five northern districts of Sierra Leone. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2011; 18:150-157.
    • (2011) Ophthalmic. Epidemiol. , vol.18 , pp. 150-157
    • Koroma, J.B.1    Heck, E.2    Vandy, M.3
  • 71
    • 84855823816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solving the trachoma elimination puzzle one piece at a time
    • 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61707-8
    • Gower EW. Solving the trachoma elimination puzzle, one piece at a time. Lancet 2011. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61707-8.
    • (2011) Lancet
    • Gower, E.W.1
  • 72
    • 1642493617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the economic net benefit of a potential vaccination program against ocular infection with chlamydia trachomatis
    • Frick KD, Colchero MA, Dean D. Modeling the economic net benefit of a potential vaccination program against ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Vaccine 2004; 22:689-696.
    • (2004) Vaccine , vol.22 , pp. 689-696
    • Frick, K.D.1    Colchero, M.A.2    Dean, D.3
  • 73
    • 80053614216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of trachoma within school students in the state of roraima
    • Medina NH, Lopes M, de F, et al. Survey of trachoma within school students in the state of Roraima. Brazil Ophthalmol 2011; 118:1938-1943.
    • (2011) Brazil Ophthalmol. , vol.118 , pp. 1938-1943
    • Medina, N.H.1    Lopes, M.2    De, F.3
  • 74
    • 79959577543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between distance to social gathering facilities and risk of trachoma for households in rural tanzanian communities
    • Montgomery MA, Desai MM, Groce NE, Elimelech M. Relationship between distance to social gathering facilities and risk of trachoma for households in rural Tanzanian communities. Soc Sci Med 2011; 73:1-5.
    • (2011) Soc. Sci. Med. , vol.73 , pp. 1-5
    • Montgomery, M.A.1    Desai, M.M.2    Groce, N.E.3    Elimelech, M.4
  • 75
    • 79960160515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated monitoring and evaluation and environmental risk factors for urogenital schistosomiasis and active trachoma in burkina faso before preventive chemotherapy using sentinel sites
    • Koukounari A, Touré S, Donnelly CA, et al. Integrated monitoring and evaluation and environmental risk factors for urogenital schistosomiasis and active trachoma in Burkina Faso before preventive chemotherapy using sentinel sites. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:191.
    • (2011) BMC Infect. Dis. , vol.11 , pp. 191
    • Koukounari, A.1    Touré, S.2    Donnelly, C.A.3
  • 76
    • 79958772444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of latrine promotion on emergence of infection with ocular chlamydia trachomatis after mass antibiotic treatment: A cluster-randomized trial
    • Stoller NE, Gebre T, Ayele B, et al. Efficacy of latrine promotion on emergence of infection with ocular Chlamydia trachomatis after mass antibiotic treatment: a cluster-randomized trial. Int Health 2011; 3:75-84.
    • (2011) Int. Health , vol.3 , pp. 75-84
    • Stoller, N.E.1    Gebre, T.2    Ayele, B.3
  • 77
    • 80052816319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latrine promotion for trachoma: Assessment of mortality from a cluster-randomized trial in ethiopia
    • Gebre T, Ayele B, Zerihun M, et al. Latrine promotion for trachoma: assessment of mortality from a cluster-randomized trial in Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 85:518-523.
    • (2011) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.85 , pp. 518-523
    • Gebre, T.1    Ayele, B.2    Zerihun, M.3
  • 78
    • 80055068028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost of antibiotic mass drug administration for trachoma control in a remote area of south sudan
    • Kolaczinski JH, Robinson E, Finn TP. The cost of antibiotic mass drug administration for trachoma control in a remote area of South Sudan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1362.
    • (2011) PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.5
    • Kolaczinski, J.H.1    Robinson, E.2    Finn, T.P.3
  • 79
    • 77956985236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to or not to integrate vertical programmes for the control of major neglected tropical diseases in sub-saharan africa
    • Kabatereine NB, Malecela M, Lado M, et al. How to (or not to) integrate vertical programmes for the control of major neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e755.
    • (2010) PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.4
    • Kabatereine, N.B.1    Malecela, M.2    Lado, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.