Serum uric acid and adiposity: Deciphering causality using a bidirectional mendelian randomization approach

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2012, Pages

  Lyngdoh, Tanica ^a   Vuistiner, Philippe ^a   Marques Vidal, Pedro ^a   Rousson, Valentin ^a   Waeber, Gérard ^b   Vollenweider, Peter ^b   Bochud, Murielle ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

^b LAUSANNE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

URIC ACID; FTO PROTEIN, HUMAN; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER; MELANOCORTIN 4 RECEPTOR; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PROTEIN; SLC2A9 PROTEIN, HUMAN; TMEM18 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ADULT; AGED; ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS; ARTICLE; BIDIRECTIONAL MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION APPROACH; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CAUCASIAN; FAT MASS; FEMALE; FTO GENE; GENE; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MC4R GENE; OBESITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; SLC2A9 GENE; TMEM18 GENE; URIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; BLOOD; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETICS; MIDDLE AGED; PHENOTYPE; RANDOMIZATION;

ADIPOSITY; ADULT; CAUSALITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, FACILITATIVE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; MIDDLE AGED; PHENOTYPE; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; PROTEINS; RANDOM ALLOCATION; RECEPTOR, MELANOCORTIN, TYPE 4; URIC ACID;

EID: 84862546251     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039321     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Costa A, Iguala I, Bedini J, Quinto L, Conget I, (2002) Uric acid concentration in subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: relationship to components of the metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 51: 372-375.
2. Klein R, Klein BE, Cornoni JC, Maready J, Cassel JC, et al. (1973) Serum uric acid. Its relationship to coronary heart disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease, Evans County, Georgia. Arch Intern Med 132: 401-410.
3. Schmidt MI, Watson RL, Duncan BB, Metcalf P, Brancati FL, et al. (1996) Clustering of dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, diabetes, and hypertension and its association with fasting insulin and central and overall obesity in a general population. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Investigators. Metabolism 45: 699-706.
4. Ishizaka N, Ishizaka Y, Toda A, Tani M, Koike K, et al. (2010) Changes in waist circumference and body mass index in relation to changes in serum uric acid in Japanese individuals. J Rheumatol 37: 410-416.
5. Gillum RF, (1987) The association of the ratio of waist to hip girth with blood pressure, serum cholesterol and serum uric acid in children and youths aged 6-17 years. J Chronic Dis 40: 413-420.
6. Hikita M, Ohno I, Mori Y, Ichida K, Yokose T, et al. (2007) Relationship between hyperuricemia and body fat distribution. Intern Med 46: 1353-1358.
7. Rattarasarn C, Leelawattana R, Soonthornpun S, Setasuban W, Thamprasit A, et al. (2003) Relationships of body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors in lean, healthy non-diabetic Thai men and women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 60: 87-94.
8. Nakagawa T, Tuttle KR, Short RA, Johnson RJ, (2005) Hypothesis: fructose-induced hyperuricemia as a causal mechanism for the epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 1: 80-86.
9. Masuo K, Kawaguchi H, Mikami H, Ogihara T, Tuck ML, (2003) Serum uric acid and plasma norepinephrine concentrations predict subsequent weight gain and blood pressure elevation. Hypertension 42: 474-480.
10. Nakanishi N, Okamoto M, Yoshida H, Matsuo Y, Suzuki K, et al. (2003) Serum uric acid and risk for development of hypertension and impaired fasting glucose or Type II diabetes in Japanese male office workers. Eur J Epidemiol 18: 523-530.
11. Bhole V, Choi JW, Kim SW, de Vera M, Choi H, (2010) Serum uric acid levels and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study. Am J Med 123: 957-961.
12. Kodama S, Saito K, Yachi Y, Asumi M, Sugawara A, et al. (2009) Association between serum uric acid and development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32: 1737-1742.
13. Viazzi F, Leoncini G, Vercelli M, Deferrari G, Pontremoli R, (2011) Serum uric acid levels predict new-onset type 2 diabetes in hospitalized patients with primary hypertension: the MAGIC study. Diabetes Care 34: 126-128.
14. Carnethon MR, Fortmann SP, Palaniappan L, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, et al. (2003) Risk factors for progression to incident hyperinsulinemia: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1987-1998. Am J Epidemiol 158: 1058-1067.
15. Goncalves JP, Oliveira A, Severo M, Santos AC, Lopes C, (2012) Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum uric acid and metabolic syndrome. Endocrine.
16. Nakagawa T, Hu H, Zharikov S, Tuttle KR, Short RA, et al. (2006) A causal role for uric acid in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 290: F625-631.
17. Wexler BC, Greenberg BP, (1977) Effect of increased serum urate levels on virgin rats with no arteriosclerosis versus breeder rats with preexistent arteriosclerosis. Metabolism 26: 1309-1320.
18. Facchini F, Chen YD, Hollenbeck CB, Reaven GM, (1991) Relationship between resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake, urinary uric acid clearance, and plasma uric acid concentration. JAMA 266: 3008-3011.
19. Quinones Galvan A, Natali A, Baldi S, Frascerra S, Sanna G, et al. (1995) Effect of insulin on uric acid excretion in humans. Am J Physiol 268: E1-5.
20. Yang Q, Kottgen A, Dehghan A, Smith AV, Glazer NL, et al. (2010) Multiple genetic loci influence serum urate levels and their relationship with gout and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 3: 523-530.
21. Nakanishi N, Yoshida H, Nakamura K, Suzuki K, Tatara K, (2001) Predictors for development of hyperuricemia: an 8-year longitudinal study in middle-aged Japanese men. Metabolism 50: 621-626.
22. Glynn RJ, Campion EW, Silbert JE, (1983) Trends in serum uric acid levels 1961-1980. Arthritis Rheum 26: 87-93.
23. Nicholls A, Scott JT, (1972) Effect of weight-loss on plasma and urinary levels of uric acid. Lancet 2: 1223-1224.
24. Yamashita S, Matsuzawa Y, Tokunaga K, Fujioka S, Tarui S, (1986) Studies on the impaired metabolism of uric acid in obese subjects: marked reduction of renal urate excretion and its improvement by a low-calorie diet. Int J Obes 10: 255-264.
25. Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Choi HK, (2010) The serum urate-lowering impact of weight loss among men with a high cardiovascular risk profile: the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Rheumatology (Oxford) 49: 2391-2399.
26. Sheehan NA, Didelez V, Burton PR, Tobin MD, (2008) Mendelian randomisation and causal inference in observational epidemiology. PLoS Med 5: e177.
27. Yang Q, Guo CY, Cupples LA, Levy D, Wilson PW, et al. (2005) Genome-wide search for genes affecting serum uric acid levels: the Framingham Heart Study. Metabolism 54: 1435-1441.
28. Brandstatter A, Kiechl S, Kollerits B, Hunt SC, Heid IM, et al. (2008) Sex-specific association of the putative fructose transporter SLC2A9 variants with uric acid levels is modified by BMI. Diabetes Care 31: 1662-1667.
29. Vitart V, Rudan I, Hayward C, Gray NK, Floyd J, et al. (2008) SLC2A9 is a newly identified urate transporter influencing serum urate concentration, urate excretion and gout. Nat Genet 40: 437-442.
30. Le MT, Shafiu M, Mu W, Johnson RJ, (2008) SLC2A9-a fructose transporter identified as a novel uric acid transporter. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 2746-2749.
31. Hebebrand J, Volckmar AL, Knoll N, Hinney A, (2010) Chipping away the 'missing heritability': GIANT steps forward in the molecular elucidation of obesity- but still lots to go. Obes Facts 3: 294-303.
32. Firmann M, Mayor V, Vidal PM, Bochud M, Pecoud A, et al. (2008) The CoLaus study: a population-based study to investigate the epidemiology and genetic determinants of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 8: 6.
33. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF 3rd, et al (2009) A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 150: 604-612.
34. Doring A, Gieger C, Mehta D, Gohlke H, Prokisch H, et al. (2008) SLC2A9 influences uric acid concentrations with pronounced sex-specific effects. Nat Genet 40: 430-436.
35. Li S, Sanna S, Maschio A, Busonero F, Usala G, et al. (2007) The GLUT9 gene is associated with serum uric acid levels in Sardinia and Chianti cohorts. PLoS Genet 3: e194.
36. Stock JH, Wright JH, Yogo M, (2002) A Survey of Weak Instruments and Weak Identification in Generalized Method of Moments. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 20: 518-529.
37. Didelez V, Sheehan N, (2007) Mendelian randomization as an instrumental variable approach to causal inference. Stat Methods Med Res 16: 309-330.
38. Brookhart MA, Wang PS, Solomon DH, Schneeweiss S, (2006) Evaluating short-term drug effects using a physician-specific prescribing preference as an instrumental variable. Epidemiology 17: 268-275.
39. Palmer TM, Lawlor DA, Harbord RM, Sheehan NA, Tobias JH, et al. (2011) Using multiple genetic variants as instrumental variables for modifiable risk factors. Stat Methods Med Res.
40. Campion EW, Glynn RJ, DeLabry LO, (1987) Asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Risks and consequences in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Med 82: 421-426.
41. Chen JH, Yeh WT, Chuang SY, Wu YY, Pan WH, (2012) Gender-specific risk factors for incident gout: a prospective cohort study. Clin Rheumatol 31: 239-245.
42. Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, Curhan G, (2005) Obesity, weight change, hypertension, diuretic use, and risk of gout in men: the health professionals follow-up study. Arch Intern Med 165: 742-748.
43. Welsh P, Polisecki E, Robertson M, Jahn S, Buckley BM, et al. (2010) Unraveling the Directional Link between Adiposity and Inflammation: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Approach. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 95: 93-99.
44. Bochud M, Rousson V, (2010) Usefulness of Mendelian randomization in observational epidemiology. Int J Environ Res Public Health 7: 711-728.
45. Nitsch D, Molokhia M, Smeeth L, DeStavola BL, Whittaker JC, et al. (2006) Limits to causal inference based on Mendelian randomization: a comparison with randomized controlled trials. Am J Epidemiol 163: 397-403.
46. Wallace C, Newhouse SJ, Braund P, Zhang F, Tobin M, et al. (2008) Genome-wide association study identifies genes for biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: serum urate and dyslipidemia. Am J Hum Genet 82: 139-149.
47. Cigolini M, Targher G, Tonoli M, Manara F, Muggeo M, et al. (1995) Hyperuricaemia: relationships to body fat distribution and other components of the insulin resistance syndrome in 38-year-old healthy men and women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 19: 92-96.
48. Chang CH, Chen YM, Chuang YW, Liao SC, Lin CS, et al. (2009) Relationship between hyperuricemia (HUC) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in institutionalized elderly men. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 49: S46-49.
49. Malis C, Rasmussen EL, Poulsen P, Petersen I, Christensen K, et al. (2005) Total and regional fat distribution is strongly influenced by genetic factors in young and elderly twins. Obes Res 13: 2139-2145.
50. Bochud M, Marquant F, Marques-Vidal PM, Vollenweider P, Beckmann JS, et al. (2009) Association between C-reactive protein and adiposity in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 3969-3977.
51. Brandstatter A, Lamina C, Kiechl S, Hunt SC, Coassin S, et al. (2010) Sex and age interaction with genetic association of atherogenic uric acid concentrations. Atherosclerosis 210: 474-478.
52. Burgess S, Thompson SG, (2011) Bias in causal estimates from Mendelian randomization studies with weak instruments. Stat Med 30: 1312-1323.
53. Speliotes EK, Willer CJ, Berndt SI, Monda KL, Thorleifsson G, et al. (2010) Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index. Nat Genet 42: 937-948.
54. Scherag A, Dina C, Hinney A, Vatin V, Scherag S, et al. (2010) Two new Loci for body-weight regulation identified in a joint analysis of genome-wide association studies for early-onset extreme obesity in French and german study groups. PLoS Genet 6: e1000916.
55. Chauhan G, Tabassum R, Mahajan A, Dwivedi OP, Mahendran Y, et al. (2011) Common variants of FTO and the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Indians. J Hum Genet 56: 720-726.
56. Peng S, Zhu Y, Xu F, Ren X, Li X, et al. (2011) FTO gene polymorphisms and obesity risk: a meta-analysis. BMC Med 9: 71.
57. Rampersaud E, Mitchell BD, Pollin TI, Fu M, Shen H, et al. (2008) Physical activity and the association of common FTO gene variants with body mass index and obesity. Arch Intern Med 168: 1791-1797.
58. Ramya K, Radha V, Ghosh S, Majumder PP, Mohan V, (2011) Genetic variations in the FTO gene are associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity in south Indians (CURES-79). Diabetes Technol Ther 13: 33-42.
59. Hernan MA, Robins JM, (2006) Instruments for causal inference: an epidemiologist's dream? Epidemiology 17: 360-372.