Evidence for semiconducting behavior with a narrow band gap of Bernal graphite

New Journal of Physics

Volumn 14, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Garcia N ^a,b   Esquinazi, P ^c   Barzola Quiquia, J ^c   Dusari, S ^c  

^a CSIC   (Spain)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SANTA CATARINA   (Brazil)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GRAPHENE LAYERS; HIGHLY ORIENTED GRAPHITE; INTERNAL INTERFACES; LOW CARRIER DENSITY; NARROW BAND GAP; SEMICONDUCTING BEHAVIOR; STACKING STRUCTURES;

ENERGY GAP; GRAPHENE; THICKNESS MEASUREMENT;

GRAPHITE;

EID: 84862067318     PISSN: 13672630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/14/5/053015     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Wallace P R 1947 The band theory of graphite Phys. Rev. 71 622
2. Wallace P R 1947 Phys. Rev. 72 258 (erratum)
3. Haering R R and Wallace P R 1957 The electric and magnetic properties of graphite J. Phys. Chem. Solids 3 253-74
4. Haering R R and Mrozowski S 1960 Progress in Semiconductors vol V (London: Heywood and Company)
5. Slonczewski J C and Weiss P R 1958 Band structure of graphite Phys. Rev. 109 272
6. McClure J W 1957 Band structure of graphite and de Haas-van Alphen effect Phys. Rev. 108 612
7. McClure J W 1958 Analysis of multicarrier galvanomagnetic data for graphite Phys. Rev. 112 715
8. Kelly B T 1981 Physics of Graphite (London: Applied Science Publishers)
9. Schabel M C and Martins J L 1992 Energetics of interplanar binding in graphite Phys. Rev. B 46 7185-8
10. Grüneis A et al 2008 Electron-electron correlation in graphite: a combined angle-resolved photoemission and first-principles study Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 037601
11. Schneider J M, Orlita M, Potemski M and Maude D K 2009 Consistent interpretation of the low-temperature magnetotransport in graphite using the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure 3d band-structure calculations Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 166403
12. Girifalco L A, Hodak M and Lee R S 2000 Carbon nanotubes, buckyballs, ropes, and a universal graphitic potential Phys. Rev. B 62 13104-10 (Pubitemid 32322426)
13. Girifalco L A and Lad R A 1956 Energy of cohesion, compressibility, and the potential energy functions of the graphitic system J. Chem. Phys. 25 693
14. García N 2011 unpublished
15. Tsidilkovski IM1997 Electron Spectrum of Gapless Semiconductors (Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences vol 116) (Berlin: Springer)
16. Arndt A, Spoddig D, Esquinazi P, Barzola-Quiquia J, Dusari S and Butz T 2009 Electric carrier concentration in graphite: dependence of electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance on defect concentration Phys. Rev. B 80 195402
17. Stauber T, Peres N M R and Guinea F 2007 Electronic transport in graphene: a semiclassical approach including midgap states Phys. Rev. B 76 205423
18. González J C, Muñoz M, García N, Barzola-Quiquia J, Spoddig D, Schindler K and Esquinazi P 2007 Samplesize effects in the magnetoresistance of graphite Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 216601
19. García N, Esquinazi P, Barzola-Quiquia J, Ming B and Spoddig D 2008 Transition from ohmic to ballistic transport in oriented graphite: measurements and numerical simulations Phys. Rev. B 78 035413
20. Barzola-Quiquia J, Yao J-L, Rödiger P, Schindler K and Esquinazi P 2008 Sample size effects on the transport properties of mesoscopic graphite samples Phys. Status Solidi a 205 2924-33
21. Vul B M and Zavaritzkaya E Y 1979 Two dimensional electronic phenomena in bicrystals of germanium at He temperatures Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 76 1089-99
22. Uchida S, Landwehr G and Bangert E 1983 Electric subbands in p-type germanium inversion layers Solid State Commun. 45 869-72 (Pubitemid 13542590)
23. Herrmann R, Kraak W, Nachtwei G and Worm G 1984 Shubnikov-de Haas effect of n-inversion layers in InSb grain boundaries Solid State Commun. 52 843-5 (Pubitemid 15438773)
24. xTe grain boundaries Semicond. Sci. Technol. 7 511-5
25. Ohldag H, Esquinazi P, Arenholz E, Spemann D, Rothermel M, Setzer A and Butz T 2010 The role of hydrogen in room-temperature ferromagnetism at graphite surfaces New J. Phys. 12 123012
26. Bernal J D 1924 The structure of graphite Proc. R. Soc. A 106 749-73
27. Warner J H, Rümmeli M H, Gemming T, Büchner B and Briggs G A D 2009 Direct imaging of rotational stacking faults in few layer graphene Nano Lett. 9 102-6
28. Ferrari A C et al 2006 Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 187401
29. Dusari S, Barzola-Quiquia J, Esquinazi P and García N 2011 Ballistic transport at room temperature in micrometer-size graphite flakes Phys. Rev. B 83 125402
30. Esquinazi P, Barzola-Quiquia J, Dusari S and García N 2012 Length dependence of the resistance in graphite: influence of ballistic transport J. Appl. Phys. 111 033709
31. Ohashi Y, Yamamoto K and Kubo T 2001 Shubnikov-de Haas effect of very thin graphite crystals Carbon'01, Int. Conf. on Carbon (Lexington, KY, 14-19 July)
32. Soule D E, McClure J W and Smith L B 1964 Study of the Shubnikov-de Haas effect. Determination of the Fermi surfaces in graphite Phys. Rev. 134 A453-70
33. + irradiation on the transport properties of mesoscopic conducting thin films Nanotechnology 21 145306
34. Kopelevich Y, Esquinazi P, Torres J, da Silva R, Kempa H, Mrowka F and Ocaña R 2003 Studies of High Temperature Superconductors vol 45 (New York: Nova Science Publishers) chapter 3, pp 59-106 (ISBN 1-59033-697-6)
35. Huber T E, Nikolaeva A, Konopko L and GrafMJ 2009 Observation of three-dimensional behavior in surface states of bismuth nanowires and the evidence for bulk-bi surface quasiparticles Phys. Rev. B 79 201304
36. Uher C, Hockey R L and Ben-Jacob E 1987 Pressure dependence of the c-axis resistivity of graphite Phys. Rev. B 35 4483-8
37. Li Z Q, Tsai S-W, Padilla W J, Dordevic S V, Burch K S, Wang Y J and Basov D N 2006 Infrared probe of the anomalous magnetotransport of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in the extreme quantum limit Phys. Rev. B 74 195404
38. Kopelevich Y, Esquinazi P, Torres J H S, da Silva R R and Kempa H 2003 Advances in Solid State Physics ed B Kramer vol 43 (Berlin: Springer) pp 207-22
39. Kossacki P, Faugeras C, Kühne M, Orlita M, Nicolet A A L, Schneider J M, Basko D M, Latyshev Yu I and Potemski M 2011 Electronic excitations and electron-phonon coupling in bulk graphite through Raman scattering in high magnetic fields Phys. Rev. B 84 235138
40. Lu Y, Mu noz M, Steplecaru C S, Cheng Hao, Ming Bai, García N, Schindler K and Esquinazi P 2006 Electrostatic force microscopy on oriented graphite surfaces: coexistence of insulating and conducting behaviors Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 076805
41. See also the comment by Sadewasser S and Glatzel Th 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 269701
42. the reply by Lu et al 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 269702
43. Proksch R 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 113121
44. Zhou S Y, Gweon G-H, Graf J, Fedorov A V, Spataru C D, Diehl R D, Kopelevich Y, Lee D-H, Louie S G and Lanzara A 2006 Direct observation of Dirac fermions in graphite Nature Phys. 2 595
45. Zhou S Y, Gweon G-H and Lanzara A 2006 Low energy excitations in graphite: the role of dimensionality and lattice defects Ann. Phys. 321 1730
46. Leem C S et al 2008 Effect of linear density of states on the quasiparticle dynamics and small electron-phonon coupling in graphite Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 016802
47. Sugawara K, Sato T, Souma S, Takahashi T and Suematsu H 2007 Anomalous quasiparticle lifetime and strong electron-phonon coupling in graphite Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 036801
48. Li G and Andrei E Y 2007 Observation of Landau levels of Dirac fermions in graphite Nature Phys. 3 623
49. Meng Z Y, Lang T C, Wessel S, Assaad F F and Muramatsu A 2010 Quantum spin liquid emerging in two-dimensional correlated Dirac fermions Nature 464 847-51
50. Skákalová V, Kaiser A B, Yoo J S, Obergfell D and Roth S 2009 Correlation between resistance fluctuations and temperature dependence of conductivity in graphene Phys. Rev. B 80 153404
51. Morozov S V, Novoselov K S, Katsnelson M I, Schedin F, Elias D C, Jaszczak J A and Geim A K 2008 Giant intrinsic carrier mobilities in graphene and its bilayer Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 016602
52. Tan Y-W, Zhang Y, Stormer H L and Kim P 2007 Temperature dependent electron transport in graphene Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 148 15-8
53. Breusing M, Ropers C and Elsaesser T 2009 Ultrafast carrier dynamics in graphite Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 086809
54. Drut J E and Lähde T A 2009 Is graphene in vacuum an insulator? Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 026802
55. and See also Drut J E and Lähde T A 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 241405
56. Shapira Y and Deutscher G 1983 Semiconductor-superconductor transition in granular Al-Ge Phys. Rev. B 27 4463-6
57. Langer J S and Ambegaokar V 1967 Intrinsic resistive transition in narrow superconducting channels Phys. Rev. 164 498-510
58. McCumber D E and Halperin B I 1970 Time scale of intrinsic resistive fluctuations in thin superconducting wires Phys. Rev. B 1 1054-70
59. Kempa H, Kopelevich Y, Mrowka F, Setzer A, Torres J H S, Höhne R and Esquinazi P 2000 Magnetic field driven superconductor-insulator-type transition in graphite Solid State Commun. 115 539-42
60. Du X, Tsai S-W, Maslov D L and Hebard A F 2005 Metal-insulator-like behavior in semimetallic bismuth and graphite Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 166601
61. Kopelevich Y, Esquinazi P, Torres J H S and Moehlecke S 2000 Ferromagnetic- and superconducting-like behavior of graphite J. Low Temp. Phys. 119 691-702
62. Kopelevich Y and Esquinazi P 2007 Ferromagnetism and superconductivity in carbon-based systems J. Low Temp. Phys. 146 629-39
63. Esquinazi P, García N, Barzola-Quiquia J, Rödiger P, Schindler K, Yao J-L and Ziese M 2008 Indications for intrinsic superconductivity in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite Phys. Rev. B 78 134516
64. Dusari S, Barzola-Quiquia J and Esquinazi P 2011 Superconducting behavior of interfaces in graphite: transport measurements of micro-constrictions J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 24 401-5
65. Barzola-Quiquia J and Esquinazi P 2010 Ferromagnetic- and superconducting-like behavior of the electrical resistance of an inhomogeneous graphite flake J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 23 451-5
66. Barzola-Quiquia J, Ballestar A, Dusari S and Esquinazi P 2011 Graphene Experimental Study of the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Transport Properties of Graphite and Multigraphene Samples ed J R Gong (Rijeka, Croatia: Intech, Open AccessPublisher) chapter 8 (ISBN 978-953-307-292-0)
67. Muntyanua F M, Gilewski A, Nenkov K, Warchulska J and Zaleski A 2006 Experimental magnetization evidence for two superconducting phases in Bi bicrystals with large crystallite disorientation angle Phys. Rev. B 73 132507
68. c up to 21K in Bi and Bi-Sb bicrystals of inclination type Solid State Commun. 147 183