Evaluating the frequency of bacterial co-infections in children recruited into a malaria pathogenesis study in The Gambia, West Africa using molecular methods

Molecular and Cellular Probes

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 151-158

  Edwards, Mathew D ^a,b   Morris, Gerard A J ^a   Burr, Sarah E ^a,c   Walther, Michael ^a  

^a MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL LABORATORIES   (Gambia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bacterial co infection; Malaria; Molecular diagnosis; Pneumonia

Indexed keywords

AGAROSE; GENOMIC DNA; RNA 16S;

ADOLESCENT; AFRICA; AMPLICON; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENOME; BLOOD SAMPLING; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; DNA SEQUENCE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALARIA; MALE; MIXED INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PNEUMONIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SALMONELLA; SCHOOL CHILD; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

ADOLESCENT; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COINFECTION; DNA, BACTERIAL; FEMALE; GAMBIA; GENOME, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; INFANT; MALARIA, FALCIPARUM; MALE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREVALENCE; RNA, RIBOSOMAL, 16S; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; SALMONELLA; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

EID: 84861825707     PISSN: 08908508     EISSN: 10961194     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2012.04.003     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Struik S.S., Maxwell C.A., Malecela-Lazaro M., Eckstein S., Porter J.D., Riley E.M. Integrating HIV testing into immunological studies of non-HIV-related diseases. Nat Immunol 2005, 6:423-426.
2. Metenou S., Dembele B., Konate S., Dolo H., Coulibaly Y.I., Diallo A.A., et al. Filarial infection suppresses malaria-specific multifunctional Th1 and Th17 responses in malaria and filarial coinfections. J Immunol 2011, 186:4725-4733.
3. Berkley J.A., Bejon P., Mwangi T., Gwer S., Maitland K., Williams T.N., et al. HIV infection, malnutrition, and invasive bacterial infection among children with severe malaria. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 49:336-343.
4. Bronzan R.N., Taylor T.E., Mwenechanya J., Tembo M., Kayira K., Bwanaisa L., et al. Bacteremia in Malawian children with severe malaria: prevalence, etiology, HIV coinfection, and outcome. J Infect Dis 2007, 195:895-904.
5. Scott J.A., Berkley J.A., Mwangi I., Ochola L., Uyoga S., Macharia A., et al. Relation between falciparum malaria and bacteraemia in Kenyan children: a population-based, case-control study and a longitudinal study. Lancet 2011, 378:1316-1323.
6. Bassat Q., Guinovart C., Sigauque B., Mandomando I., Aide P., Sacarlal J., et al. Severe malaria and concomitant bacteraemia in children admitted to a rural Mozambican hospital. Trop Med Int Health 2009, 14:1011-1019.
7. Kallander K., Nsungwa-Sabiiti J., Peterson S. Symptom overlap for malaria and pneumonia-policy implications for home management strategies. Acta Trop 2004, 90:211-214.
8. Ceesay S.J., Casals-Pascual C., Nwakanma D.C., Walther M., Gomez-Escobar N., Fulford A.J.C., et al. Continued decline of malaria in The Gambia with implications for elimination. PLoS One 2010, 5:e12242.
9. Satoguina J., Walther B., Drakeley C., Nwakanma D., Oriero E.C., Correa S., et al. Comparison of surveillance methods applied to a situation of low malaria prevalence at rural sites in The Gambia and Guinea Bissau. Malar J 2009, 8:274.
10. Ceesay S.J., Casals-Pascual C., Erskine J., Anya S.E., Duah N.O., Fulford A.J., et al. Changes in malaria indices between 1999 and 2007 in The Gambia: a retrospective analysis. Lancet 2008, 372:1545-1554.
11. Walther B., Miles D.J.C., Crozier S., Waight P., Palmero M.S., Ojuola O., et al. Placental Malaria is associated with reduced early life weight development of affected children independent of low birth weight. Malar J 2010, 9:16.
12. Okiro E.A., Hay S.I., Gikandi P.W., Sharif S.K., Noor A.M., Peshu N., et al. The decline in paediatric malaria admissions on the coast of Kenya. Malar J 2007, 6:151.
13. O'Meara W.P., Bejon P., Mwangi T.W., Okiro E.A., Peshu N., Snow R.W., et al. Effect of a fall in malaria transmission on morbidity and mortality in Kilifi, Kenya. Lancet 2008, 372:1555-1562.
14. Shafazand S., Weinacker A.B. Blood cultures in the critical care unit: improving utilization and yield. Chest 2002, 122:1727-1736.
15. Iralu J.V., Sritharan V.K., Pieciak W.S., Wirth D.F., Maguire J.H., Barker R.H. Diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium bacteremia by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1993, 31:1811-1814.
16. Song J.H., Cho H., Park M.Y., Na D.S., Moon H.B., Pai C.H. Detection of Salmonella typhi in the blood of patients with typhoid fever by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1993, 31:1439-1443.
17. Chan Y.R., Morris A. Molecular diagnostic methods in pneumonia. Curr Op Infect Dis 2007, 20:157-164.
18. Weisburg W.G., Barns S.M., Pelletier D.A., Lane D.J. 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol 1991, 173:697-703.
19. Goldenberger D., Kunzli A., Vogt P., Zbinden R., Altwegg M. Molecular diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis by broad-range PCR amplification and direct sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 1997, 35:2733-2739.
20. Millar B.C., Xu J.R., Moore J.E. Risk assessment models and contamination management: implications for broad-range ribosomal DNA PCR as a diagnostic tool in medical bacteriology. J Clin Microbiol 2002, 40:1575-1580.
21. Wintzingerode F.V., Goebel U.B., Stackebrandt E. Determination of microbial diversity in environmental samples: Pitfalls of PCR-based rRNA analysis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1997, 21:213-229.
22. Muhl H., Kochem A.J., Disque C., Sakka S.G. Activity and DNA contamination of commercial polymerase chain reaction reagents for the universal 16S rDNA real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of bacterial pathogens in blood. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2010, 66:41-49.
23. Walther M., Jeffries D., Finney O.C., Njie M., Ebonyi A., Deininger S., et al. Distinct roles for FOXP3 and FOXP3 CD4 T cells in regulating cellular immunity to uncomplicated and severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. PLoS Pathogens 2009, 5:e1000364.
24. Gomez-Escobar N., Amambua-Ngwa A., Walther M., Okebe J., Ebonyi A., Conway D.J. Erythrocyte invasion and merozoite ligand gene expression in severe and mild Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J Infect Dis 2010, 201:444-452.
25. Fischer S.G., Lerman L.S. Length-independent separation of DNA restriction fragments in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Cell 1979, 16:191-200.
26. Sheffield V.C., Cox D.R., Lerman L.S., Myers R.M. Attachment of a 40-base-pair G + C-rich sequence (GC-clamp) to genomic DNA fragments by the polymerase chain reaction results in improved detection of single-base changes. PNAS 1989, 86:232-236.
27. Puchalski Ritchie L.M., Howie S.R.C., Arenovich T., Cheung Y.B., Weber M., Moore S., et al. Long-term morbidity from severe pneumonia in early childhood in The Gambia, West Africa: a follow-up study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2009, 13:527-532.
28. Nwakanma D.C., Gomez-Escobar N., Walther M., Crozier S., Dubovsky F., Malkin E., et al. Quantitative detection of Plasmodium falciparum DNA in Saliva, blood, and Urine. J Infect Dis 2009, 199:1567-1574.
29. World Health Organization Communicable diseases Cluster. Severe falciparum malaria. Trans Royal Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000, 94(Suppl. 1):S1-90.
30. Fujimori M., Hisata K., Nagata S., Matsunaga N., Komatsu M., Shoji H., et al. Efficacy of bacterial ribosomal RNA-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative PCR for detecting neonatal sepsis: a case control study. BMC Pediatrics 2010, 10:53.
31. Matsuda K., Tsuji H., Asahara T., Kado Y., Nomoto K. Sensitive quantitative detection of commensal bacteria by rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007, 73:32-39.
32. Rayner M.G., Zhang Y., Gorry M.C., Chen Y., Post J.C., Ehrlich G.D. Evidence of bacterial metabolic activity in culture-negative otitis media with effusion. JAMA 1998, 279:296-299.
33. Laiakis E.C., Morris G.A., Fornace A.J., Howie S.R. Metabolomic analysis in severe childhood pneumonia in the Gambia, West Africa: findings from a pilot study. PLoS One 2010, 5:e12655.
34. Chakravorty S., Helb D., Burday M., Connell N., Alland D. A detailed analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene segments for the diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria. J Microbiol Meth 2007, 69:330-339.
35. Muyzer G., de Waal E.C., Uitterlinden A.G. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993, 59:695-700.
36. Smith-Vaughan H., Byun R., Nadkarni M., Jacques N.A., Hunter N., Halpin S., et al. Measuring nasal bacterial load and its association with otitis media. BMC Ear, Nose, Throat Disord 2006, 6:10.
37. Malorny B., Paccassoni E., Fach P., Bunge C., Martin A., Helmuth R. Diagnostic real-time PCR for detection of Salmonella in food. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004, 70:7046-7052.
38. Snounou G., Viriyakosol S., Zhu X.P., Jarra W., Pinheiro L., Do Rosario V.E., et al. High sensitivity of detection of human malaria parasites by the use of nested polymerase chain reaction. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1993, 61:315-320.
39. Rougemont M., Van Saanen M., Sahli R., Hinrikson H.P., Bille J., Jaton K. Detection of four Plasmodium species in blood from humans by 18S rRNA gene subunit-based and species-specific real-time PCR assays. J Clin Microbiol 2004, 42:5636-5643.
40. Grice E.A., Kong H.H., Conlan S., Deming C.B., Davis J., Young A.C., et al. Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome. Science 2009, 324:1190-1192.
41. Brent A.J., Oundo J.O., Mwangi I., Ochola L., Lowe B., Berkley J.A. Salmonella bacteremia in Kenyan children. Ped Infect Dis J 2006, 25:230-236.
42. Morris G.A., Ikumapayi U.N., Antonio M., Howie S.R., Adegbola R.A. A novel Campylobacter jejuni sequence type from a culture-negative patient in the Gambia. PLoS One 2008, 3:e1773.
43. Adegbola R.A., Usen S.O., Weber M., Lloyd-Evans N., Jobe K., Mulholland K., et al. Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in The Gambia after introduction of a conjugate vaccine. Lancet 1999, 354:1091-1092.
44. MacKenzie G., Ceesay S.J., Hill P.C., Walther M., Bojang K.A., Satoguina J., et al. A decline in the incidence of invasive non-typoidal salmonella infection in the Gambia temporally associated with a decline in malaria infection. PLoS One 2010, 5:e10568.
45. Jayasooriya S., Hislop A., Peng Y., Croom-Carter D., Jankey Y., Bell A., et al. Revisiting the effect of acute P. falciparum malaria on Epstein-Barr virus: host balance in the setting of reduced malaria endemicity. PLoS One 2012, 7:e31142.
46. Cherkaoui A., Emonet S., Ceroni D., Candolfi B., Hibbs J., Francois P., et al. Development and validation of a modified broad-range 16S rDNA PCR for diagnostic purposes in clinical microbiology. J Microbiol Meth 2009, 79:227-231.