Disclosing information about the self is intrinsically rewarding

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 109, Issue 21, 2012, Pages 8038-8043

  Tamir, Diana I ^a   Mitchell, Jason P ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Functional MRI; Reward; Self reference; Social cognition

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN REGION; COGNITION; EMOTION; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MESOLIMBIC DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; MONEY; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REWARD; SELF DISCLOSURE; THINKING; VENTRAL TEGMENTUM;

ATTITUDE; COGNITION; COMMUNICATION; DOPAMINE; HUMANS; JUDGMENT; LIMBIC SYSTEM; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; PERSONALITY; REWARD; SELF CONCEPT; SELF DISCLOSURE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA;

EID: 84861433143     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202129109     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Dunbar RIM, Marriott A, Duncan NDC (1997) Human conversational behavior. Hum Nat 8:231-246.
2. Emler N (1990) A social psychology of reputation. Eur Rev Soc Psychol 1:171-193.
3. Emler N (1994) Gossip, reputation, and social adaptation. Good Gossip, eds Goodman R, Ben Ze'ev A (Kansas University Press, Lawrence, KS), pp 117-133.
4. Landis MH, Burtt HE (1924) A study of conversations. J Comp Psychol 4(1):81-89.
5. Naaman M, Boase J, Lai CH (2010) Is it really about me?: Message content in social awareness streams. Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Association for Computing Machinery), Savannah, GA, pp 189-192.
6. Tomasello M (1999) The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).
7. Csibra G, Gergely G (2011) Natural pedagogy as evolutionary adaptation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 366:1149-1157.
8. Schultz W (2002) Getting formal with dopamine and reward. Neuron 36:241-263.
9. Montague PR, Berns GS (2002) Neural economics and the biological substrates of valuation. Neuron 36:265-284. (Pubitemid 35217891)
10. McClure SM, York MK, Montague PR (2004) The neural substrates of reward processing in humans: The modern role of FMRI. Neuroscientist 10:260-268. (Pubitemid 38657092)
11. Haber SN, Knutson B (2010) The reward circuit: Linking primate anatomy and human imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 35:4-26.
12. D'Ardenne K, McClure SM, Nystrom LE, Cohen JD (2008) BOLD responses reflecting dopaminergic signals in the human ventral tegmental area. Science 319:1264-1267. (Pubitemid 351323026)
13. Small DM, Zatorre RJ, Dagher A, Evans AC, Jones-Gotman M (2001) Changes in brain activity related to eating chocolate: From pleasure to aversion. Brain 124:1720-1733. (Pubitemid 32845434)
14. O'Doherty JP, Deichmann R, Critchley HD, Dolan RJ (2002) Neural responses during anticipation of a primary taste reward. Neuron 33:815-826. (Pubitemid 34219251)
15. Hernandez L, Hoebel BG (1988) Food reward and cocaine increase extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens as measured by microdialysis. Life Sci 42:1705-1712.
16. Schott BH, et al. (2008) Mesolimbic functional magnetic resonance imaging activations during reward anticipation correlate with reward-related ventral striatal dopamine release. J Neurosci 28:14311-14319.
17. Knutson B, Taylor J, Kaufman M, Peterson R, Glover G (2005) Distributed neural representation of expected value. J Neurosci 25:4806-4812. (Pubitemid 40664129)
18. Knutson B, Adams CM, Fong GW, Hommer D (2001) Anticipation of increasing monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus accumbens. J Neurosci 21:159-159.
19. McClure SM, Laibson DI, Loewenstein G, Cohen JD (2004) Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards. Science 306:503-507. (Pubitemid 39372453)
20. Koepp MJ, et al. (1998) Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game. Nature 393:266-268. (Pubitemid 28261725)
21. Cohen MX, et al. (2009) Neuroelectric signatures of reward learning and decisionmaking in the human nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 34:1649-1658.
22. Breiter HC, Berke JD, Kennedy WA, Rosen BR, Hyman SE (1996) Activation of striatum and amygdala during reward conditioning: An FMRI study. Neuroimage 3:S220.
23. Aharon I, et al. (2001) Beautiful faces have variable reward value: fMRI and behavioral evidence. Neuron 32:537-551. (Pubitemid 33082052)
24. Mobbs D, Greicius MD, Abdel-Azim E, Menon V, Reiss AL (2003) Humor modulates the mesolimbic reward centers. Neuron 40:1041-1048. (Pubitemid 37522061)
25. Fehr E, Camerer CF (2007) Social neuroeconomics: The neural circuitry of social preferences. Trends Cogn Sci 11:419-427. (Pubitemid 47588992)
26. Klucharev V, Hytönen K, Rijpkema M, Smidts A, Fernández G (2009) Reinforcement learning signal predicts social conformity. Neuron 61:140-151.
27. Sabatinelli D, Bradley MM, Lang PJ, Costa VD, Versace F (2007) Pleasure rather than salience activates human nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 98:1374-1379. (Pubitemid 47435888)
28. Deaner RO, Khera AV, Platt ML (2005) Monkeys pay per view: Adaptive valuation of social images by rhesus macaques. Curr Biol 15:543-548. (Pubitemid 40413393)
29. Hayden BY, Parikh PC, Deaner RO, Platt ML (2007) Economic principles motivating social attention in humans. Proc Biol Sci 274:1751-1756. (Pubitemid 47356126)
30. Mitchell JP, Macrae CN, Banaji MR (2006) Dissociable medial prefrontal contributions to judgments of similar and dissimilar others. Neuron 50:655-663.
31. Tamir DI, Mitchell JP (2010) Neural correlates of anchoring-and- adjustment during mentalizing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:10827-10832.
32. Northoff G, Bermpohl F (2004) Cortical midline structures and the self. Trends Cogn Sci 8:102-107. (Pubitemid 38299319)
33. Northoff G, et al. (2006) Self-referential processing in our brain: A meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self. Neuroimage 31:440-457. (Pubitemid 44250876)
34. Mitchell JP (2009) Social psychology as a natural kind. Trends Cogn Sci 13:246-251.
35. Schmitz TW, Rowley HA, Kawahara TN, Johnson SC (2006) Neural correlates of selfevaluative accuracy after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychologia 44:762-773. (Pubitemid 43327399)
36. Pfeifer JH, Lieberman MD, Dapretto M (2007) "I know you are but what am I?!": Neural bases of self- and social knowledge retrieval in children and adults. J Cogn Neurosci 19:1323-1337. (Pubitemid 47204074)
37. Gutchess AH, Kensinger EA, Schacter DL (2007) Aging, self-referencing, and medial prefrontal cortex. Soc Neurosci 2:117-133. (Pubitemid 46887908)
38. Macrae CN, Moran JM, Heatherton TF, Banfield JF, Kelley WM (2004) Medial prefrontal activity predicts memory for self. Cereb Cortex 14:647-654. (Pubitemid 38669509)
39. Jenkins AC,Mitchell JP (2011) Medial prefrontal cortex subserves diverse forms of selfreflection. Soc Neurosci 12:1-8.
40. O'Doherty JP, Dayan P, Friston K, Critchley H, Dolan RJ (2003) Temporal difference models and reward-related learning in the human brain. Neuron 38:329-337. (Pubitemid 36555657)
41. Litt A, Plassmann H, Shiv B, Rangel A (2011) Dissociating valuation and saliency signals during decision-making. Cereb Cortex 21:95-102.
42. Nicola SM (2010) The flexible approach hypothesis: Unification of effort and cue-responding hypotheses for the role of nucleus accumbens dopamine in the activation of reward-seeking behavior. J Neurosci 30:16585-16600.
43. Seymour B, Daw N, Dayan P, Singer T, Dolan R (2007) Differential encoding of losses and gains in the human striatum. J Neurosci 27:4826-4831. (Pubitemid 46699059)
44. Zink CF, Pagnoni G, Martin ME, Dhamala M, Berns GS (2003) Human striatal response to salient nonrewarding stimuli. J Neurosci 23:8092-8097. (Pubitemid 37082462)
45. Epley N, Whitchurch E (2008) Mirror, mirror on the wall: Enhancement in self-recognition. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 34:1159-1170.
46. Greenwald AG, et al. (2002) A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, selfesteem, and self-concept. Psychol Rev 109:3-25.
47. Pelham BW, Mirenberg MC, Jones JT (2002) Why Susie sells seashells by the seashore: Implicit egotism and major life decisions. J Pers Soc Psychol 82:469-487.
48. Kahneman D, Knetsch JL, Thaler RH (1991) Anomalies: The endowment effect, loss aversion, and status quo bias. J Econ Perspect 5:193-206.
49. Morewedge CK, Shu LL, Gilbert DT, Wilson TD (2009) Bad riddance or good rubbish? Ownership and not loss aversion causes the endowment effect. J Exp Soc Psychol 45: 947-951.
50. Collins NL, Miller LC (1994) Self-disclosure and liking: A meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull 116:457-475. (Pubitemid 24976780)
51. Cozby PC (1972) Self-disclosure, reciprocity and liking. Sociometry 35:151-160.
52. McAllister HA (1980) Self-disclosure and liking: Effects for senders and receivers. J Pers 48:409-418.
53. Ko HC, Chen TK (2009) Understanding the continuous self-disclosure of bloggers from the cost-benefit perspective. Proceedings of the Second Conference on Human Systems Interactions (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), Cantania, Italy, pp 520-527.
54. Niederhoffer KG, Pennebaker JW (2002) Sharing one's story: On the benefits of writing or talking about emotional experience. Handbook of Positive Psychology, eds Snyder CR, Lopez SJ (Oxford University Press, New York).
55. Cozby PC (1973) Self-disclosure: A literature review. Psychol Bull 79:73-91.
56. Omarzu J (2000) A disclosure decision model: Determining how and when individuals will self-disclose. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 4:174-185.
57. Dunbar RIM (1996) Grooming, Gossip, and the Evolution of Language (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).
58. Dindia K (2000) Sex differences in self-disclosure, reciprocity of self-disclosure, and self-disclosure and liking: Three meta-analyses reviewed. Balancing the Secrets of Private Disclosures, ed Petronio S (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ), pp 21-36.
59. Cooley CH (1902) Human Nature and the Social Order (Charles Scribner's, New York), pp 136-178.
60. Bahrami B, et al. (2010) Optimally interacting minds. Science 329:1081-1085.
61. Bowers GH, Gilligan SG (1979) Remembering information related to one's self. J Res Pers 13:420-432.
62. Rogers TB, Kuiper NA, Kirker WS (1977) Self-reference and the encoding of personal information. J Pers Soc Psychol 35:677-688.
63. Kelley WM, et al. (2002) Finding the self? An event-related fMRI study. J Cogn Neurosci 14:785-794.
64. Dale AM (1999) Optimal experimental design for event-related fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 8:109-114.
65. Slotnick SD, Schacter DL (2004) A sensory signature that distinguishes true from false memories. Nat Neurosci 7:664-672. (Pubitemid 38691907)
66. Knutson B, Westdorp A, Kaiser E, Hommer D (2000) FMRI visualization of brain activity during a monetary incentive delay task. Neuroimage 12:20-27. (Pubitemid 30602060)