Pharmacogenetics of statins: Achievements, whole-genome analyses and future perspectives

Pharmacogenomics

Volumn 13, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 831-840

  Postmus, Iris ^a,b   Verschuren, Jeffrey J W ^a   De Craen, Anton J M ^a,b   Slagboom, P Eline ^a,b   Westendorp, Rudi G J ^a,b,c   Jukema, J Wouter ^a,d,e   Trompet, Stella ^a,b  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing   (Netherlands)

^c Leyden Academy of Vitality and Ageing   (Netherlands)

^d Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research   (Netherlands)

^e ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Genome wide association study; Lipid levels; Pharmacogenetics n statins

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN B; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN 1; PRAVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN;

ABCB1 GENE; APOE GENE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CETP GENE; CLMN GENE; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG TARGETING; GENE; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOME ANALYSIS; GENOTYPE; HEART INFARCTION; HMGCR GENE; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; KIF6 GENE; MYOPATHY; PHARMACOGENETICS; PRIMARY PREVENTION; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SCLO1B1 GENE; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;

BIOMARKERS, PHARMACOLOGICAL; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; GENETIC VARIATION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; PHARMACOGENETICS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 84861162161     PISSN: 14622416     EISSN: 17448042     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.25     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. McGovern PG, Pankow JS, Shahar E et al. Recent trends in acute coronary heart disease-mortality, morbidity, medical care, and risk factors. The Minnesota heart survey investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. 334(14), 884-890 (1996). (Pubitemid 26107346)
2. Davidson MH, Toth PP. Comparative effects of lipid-lowering therapies. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 47(2), 73-104 (2004). (Pubitemid 39600944)
3. Ballantyne CM. Achieving greater reductions in cardiovascular risk: lessons from statin therapy on risk measures and risk reduction. Am. Heart J. 148( SUPPL. 1), S3-S8 (2004). (Pubitemid 38887091)
4. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 360(9346), 1623-1630 (2002). (Pubitemid 35379733)
5. Schmitz G, Langmann T. Pharmacogenomics of cholesterol-lowering therapy. Vascul. Pharmacol. 44(2), 75-89 (2006). (Pubitemid 43082209)
6. Verschuren JJ, Trompet S, Wessels JA et al. A systematic review on pharmacogenetics in cardiovascular disease: is it ready for clinical application? Eur. Heart J. 33(2), 165-175 (2012).
7. Chasman DI, Posada D, Subrahmanyan L, Cook NR, Stanton VP Jr, Ridker PM. Pharmacogenetic study of statin therapy and cholesterol reduction. JAMA 291(23), 2821-2827 (2004). (Pubitemid 38747801)
8. Nieminen T, Kahonen M, Viiri LE, Gronroos P, Lehtimaki T. Pharmacogenetics of apolipoprotein E gene during lipid-lowering therapy: lipid levels and prevention of coronary heart disease. Pharmacogenomics 9(10), 1475-1486 (2008).
9. Lehtimaki T, Moilanen T, Viikari J et al. Apolipoprotein E phenotypes in Finnish youths: a cross-sectional and 6 year follow-up study. J. Lipid Res. 31(3), 487-495 (1990). (Pubitemid 20107988)
10. Lehtimaki T, Moilanen T, Nikkari T et al. Regional differences in apolipoprotein E polymorphism in Finland. Ann. Med. 23(1), 61-66 (1991).
11. Ilveskoski E, Loimaala A, Mercuri MF et al. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and carotid artery intima-media thickness in a random sample of middle-aged men. Atherosclerosis 153(1), 147-153 (2000).
12. Zintzaras E, Kitsios GD, Triposkiadis F, Lau J, Raman G. APOE gene polymorphisms and response to statin therapy. Pharmacogenomics J. 9(4), 248-257 (2009).
13. Kajinami K, Takekoshi N, Brousseau ME, Schaefer EJ. Pharmacogenetics of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: exploring the potential for genotype-based individualization of coronary heart disease management. Atherosclerosis 177(2), 219-234 (2004). (Pubitemid 39505252)
14. Keskitalo JE, Kurkinen KJ, Neuvoneni PJ, Niemi M. ABCB1 haplotypes differentially affect the pharmacokinetics of the acid and lactone forms of simvastatin and atorvastatin. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 84(4), 457-461 (2008).
15. Romaine SP, Bailey KM, Hall AS, Balmforth AJ. The influence of SLCO1B1 (OATP1B1) gene polymorphisms on response to statin therapy. Pharmacogenomics J. 10(1), 1-11 (2010).
16. Mangravite LM, Thorn CF, Krauss RM. Clinical implications of pharmacogenomics of statin treatment. Pharmacogenomics J. 6(6), 360-374 (2006). (Pubitemid 44811531)
17. Assimes TL, Holm H, Kathiresan S et al. Lack of association between the Trp719Arg polymorphism in kinesin-like protein-6 and coronary artery disease in 19 case-control studies. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 56(19), 1552-1563 (2010).
18. Iakoubova OA, Sabatine MS, Rowland CM et al. Polymorphism in KIF6 gene and benefit from statins after acute coronary syndromes: results from the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 51(4), 449-455 (2008).
19. Iakoubova OA, Tong CH, Rowland CM et al. Association of the Trp719Arg polymorphism in kinesin-like protein 6 with myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease in 2 prospective trials: the CARE and WOSCOPS trials. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 51(4), 435-443 (2008).
20. Li Y, Iakoubova OA, Shiffman D, Devlin JJ, Forrester JS, Superko HR. KIF6 polymorphism as a predictor of risk of coronary events and of clinical event reduction by statin therapy. Am. J. Cardiol. 106(7), 994-998 (2010).
21. Shiffman D, Chasman DI, Zee RY et al. A kinesin family member 6 variant is associated with coronary heart disease in the Women's Health Study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 51(4), 444-448 (2008).
22. Bare LA, Morrison AC, Rowland CM et al. Five common gene variants identify elevated genetic risk for coronary heart disease. Genet. Med. 9(10), 682-689 (2007). (Pubitemid 350287153)
23. Shiffman D, O'Meara ES, Bare LA et al. Association of gene variants with incident myocardial infarction in the Cardiovascular health study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28(1), 173-179 (2008).
24. Iakoubova OA, Robertson M, Tong CH et al. KIF6 Trp719Arg polymorphism and the effect of statin therapy in elderly patients: results from the PROSPER study. Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. 17(4), 455-461 (2010).
25. Marian AJ. Surprises of the genome and "personalized" medicine. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 51(4), 456-458 (2008).
26. Hopewell JC, Parish S, Clarke R et al. No impact of KIF6 genotype on vascular risk and statin response among 18,348 randomized patients in the heart protection study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 57(20), 2000-2007 (2011).
27. Maggo SD, Kennedy MA, Clark DW. Clinical implications of pharmacogenetic variation on the effects of statins. Drug Saf. 34(1), 1-19 (2011).
28. Kuivenhoven JA, de Knijff P, Boer JM et al. Heterogeneity at the CETP gene locus. Influence on plasma CETP concentrations and HDL cholesterol levels. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 17(3), 560-568 (1997). (Pubitemid 27133148)
29. Kuivenhoven JA, Jukema JW, Zwinderman AH et al. The role of a common variant of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The regression growth evaluation statin study group. N. Engl. J. Med. 338(2), 86-93 (1998). (Pubitemid 28042271)
30. Freeman DJ, Samani NJ, Wilson V et al. A polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene predicts cardiovascular events in non-smokers in the West of Scotland coronary prevention study. Eur. Heart J. 24(20), 1833-1842 (2003). (Pubitemid 37280249)
31. Ordovas JM, Cupples LA, Corella D et al. Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein-TaqIB polymorphism with variations in lipoprotein subclasses and coronary heart disease risk: the Framingham study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20(5), 1323-1329 (2000). (Pubitemid 30262934)
32. Liu S, Schmitz C, Stampfer MJ et al. A prospective study of TaqIB polymorphism in the gene coding for cholesteryl ester transfer protein and risk of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men. Atherosclerosis 161(2), 469-474 (2002). (Pubitemid 34219203)
33. Jukema JW, Bruschke AV, van Boven AJ et al. Effects of lipid lowering by pravastatin on progression and regression of coronary artery disease in symptomatic men with normal to moderately elevated serum cholesterol levels. The regression growth evaluation statin study (REGRESS). Circulation 91(10), 2528-2540 (1995).
34. Regieli JJ, Jukema JW, Grobbee DE et al. CETP genotype predicts increased mortality in statin-treated men with proven cardiovascular disease: an adverse pharmacogenetic interaction. Eur. Heart J. 29(22), 2792-2799 (2008).
35. Boekholdt SM, Sacks FM, Jukema JW et al. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB variant, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, cardiovascular risk, and efficacy of pravastatin treatment: individual patient meta-analysis of 13,677 subjects. Circulation 111(3), 278-287 (2005). (Pubitemid 40165333)
36. Gerdes LU, Gerdes C, Kervinen K et al. The apolipoprotein ε4 allele determines prognosis and the effect on prognosis of simvastatin in survivors of myocardial infarction: a substudy of the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study. Circulation 101(12), 1366-1371 (2000). (Pubitemid 30169856)
37. Maitland-van der Zee AH, Jukema JW, Zwinderman AH et al. Apolipoprotein-E polymorphism and response to pravastatin in men with coronary artery disease (REGRESS). Acta Cardiol. 61(3), 327-331 (2006). (Pubitemid 44014244)
38. Maitland-van der Zee AH, Stricker BH, Klungel OH et al. The effectiveness of hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) in the elderly is not influenced by apolipoprotein E genotype. Pharmacogenetics 12(8), 647-653 (2002). (Pubitemid 36005674)
39. Peters BJ, Rodin AS, Klungel OH et al. Pharmacogenetic interactions between ABCB1 and SLCO1B1 tagging SNPs and the effectiveness of statins in the prevention of myocardial infarction. Pharmacogenomics 11(8), 1065-1076 (2010).
40. Thompson JF, Hyde CL, Wood LS et al. Comprehensive whole-genome and candidate gene analysis for response to statin therapy in the Treating to New Targets (TNT) cohort. Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet. 2(2), 173-181 (2009).
41. Link E, Parish S, Armitage J et al. SLCO1B1 variants and statin-induced myopathy-a genomewide study. N. Engl. J. Med. 359(8), 789-799 (2008).
42. Barber MJ, Mangravite LM, Hyde CL et al. Genome-wide association of lipid-lowering response to statins in combined study populations. PLoS ONE 5(3), e9763 (2010).
43. Brunham LR, Lansberg PJ, Zhang L et al. Differential effect of the rs4149056 variant in SLCO1B1 on myopathy associated with simvastatin and atorvastatin. Pharmacogenomics J. doi:10.1038/tpj.2010.92 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
44. Trompet S, de Craen AJ, Postmus I et al. Replication of LDL GWAs hits in PROSPER/PHASE as validation for future (pharmaco)genetic analyses. BMC Med. Genet. 12(1), 131 (2011).
45. Colhoun HM, Thomason MJ, Mackness MI et al. Design of the collaborative AtoRvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS) in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet. Med. 19(3), 201-211 (2002). (Pubitemid 34429650)
46. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR et al. Rationale, design, methods and baseline demography of participants of the Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcomes trial. ASCOT investigators. J. Hypertens. 19(6), 1139-1147 (2001). (Pubitemid 32493649)
47. Psaty BM, O'Donnell CJ, Gudnason V et al. Cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium: design of prospective meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies from 5 cohorts. Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet. 2(1), 73-80 (2009).
48. Bild DE, Bluemke DA, Burke GL et al. Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis: objectives and design. Am. J. Epidemiol. 156(9), 871-881 (2002). (Pubitemid 35215769)
49. Yende S, Waterer GW, Tolley EA et al. Inflammatory markers are associated with ventilatory limitation and muscle dysfunction in obstructive lung disease in well functioning elderly subjects. Thorax 61(1), 10-16 (2006). (Pubitemid 43106971)
50. Psaty BM, Heckbert SR, Koepsell TD et al. The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug therapies. JAMA 274(8), 620-625 (1995).
51. Pearson ER, Donnelly LA, Kimber C et al. Variation in TCF7L2 influences therapeutic response to sulfonylureas: a GoDARTs study. Diabetes 56(8), 2178-2182 (2007). (Pubitemid 47195841)
52. Wilke RA. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol: leveraging practice-based biobank cohorts to characterize clinical and genetic predictors of treatment outcome. Pharmacogenomics J. 11(3), 162-173 (2011).
53. Seo D, Ginsburg GS, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ. Gene expression analysis of cardiovascular diseases: novel insights into biology and clinical applications. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 48(2), 227-235 (2006). (Pubitemid 44026658)
54. Meisel C, Gerloff T, Kirchheiner J et al. Implications of pharmacogenetics for individualizing drug treatment and for study design. J. Mol. Med. (Berl.) 81(3), 154-167 (2003). (Pubitemid 36470182)
55. McDonagh EM, Whirl-Carrillo M, Garten Y, Altman RB, Klein TE. From pharmacogenomic knowledge acquisition to clinical applications: the PharmGKB as a clinical pharmacogenomic biomarker resource. Biomark. Med. 5(6), 795-806 (2011).
56. Krauss RM, Mangravite LM, Smith JD et al. Variation in the 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase gene is associated with racial differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to simvastatin treatment. Circulation 117(12), 1537-1544 (2008). (Pubitemid 351440642)
57. Carlquist JF, Muhlestein JB, Horne BD et al. The cholesteryl ester transfer protein Taq1B gene polymorphism predicts clinical benefit of statin therapy in patients with significant coronary artery disease. Am. Heart J. 146(6), 1007-1014 (2003). (Pubitemid 37500774)