The influence of insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes mellitus on vascular tone and myocardial blood flow

Current Cardiology Reports

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 217-225

  Valenta, Ines ^a   Dilsizian, Vasken ^b   Quercioli, Alessandra ^a   Schelbert, Heinrich R ^c   Schindler, Thomas H ^a  

^a GENEVA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Circulation; Coronary disease; Diabetes mellitus; Endothelium; Insulin resistance; Myocardial blood flow; Obesity; PET; Vascular tone

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMMONIA N 13; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ENDOTHELIN 1; GLIBENCLAMIDE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INSULIN; METFORMIN; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ARTERIAL WALL THICKNESS; ARTICLE; ATHEROGENESIS; BLOOD VESSEL TONE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION; CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHY; ELECTRON BEAM TOMOGRAPHY; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; HEART MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RELEASE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MYOCARDIAL FLOW RESERVE; MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PROGNOSIS; SCORING SYSTEM; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; VASOMOTOR REFLEX;

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY CIRCULATION; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MALE; MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING; OBESITY; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PROGNOSIS; VASCULAR RESISTANCE;

EID: 84861096018     PISSN: 15233782     EISSN: 15343170     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-011-0240-z     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, et al. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA. 2010;303:235-41.
2. Fox KA, Despres JP, Richard AJ, et al. Does abdominal obesity have a similar impact on cardiovascular disease and diabetes? A study of 91,246 ambulant patients in 27 European countries. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:3055-63.
3. Eckel RH, Wassef M, Chait A, et al. Prevention Conference VI: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Writing Group II: pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes. Circulation. 2002;105:e138-43.
4. Lerman A, Zeiher AM. Endothelial function: cardiac events. Circulation. 2005;111:363-8. (Pubitemid 40165345)
5. Nitenberg A, Valensi P, Sachs R, et al. Prognostic value of epicardial coronary artery constriction to the cold pressor test in type 2 diabetic patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries and no other major coronary risk factors. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:208-15. (Pubitemid 38196734)
6. Nitenberg A, Pham I, Antony I, et al. Cardiovascular outcome of patients with abnormal coronary vasomotion and normal coronary arteriography is worse in type 2 diabetes mellitus than in arterial hypertension: a 10 year follow-up study. Atherosclerosis. 2005;183:113-20. (Pubitemid 41416829)
7. Schindler TH, Nitzsche EU, Schelbert HR, et al. Positron emission tomography-measured abnormal responses of myocardial blood flow to sympathetic stimulation are associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1505-12. (Pubitemid 40615626)
8. Herzog BA, Husmann L, Valenta I, et al. Long-term prognostic value of 13N-ammonia myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography added value of coronary flow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:150-6.
9. Ziadi MC, Dekemp RA, Williams KA, et al. Impaired myocardial flow reserve on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging predicts adverse outcomes in patients assessed for myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:740-8.
10. Schindler TH, Zhang XL, Vincenti G, et al. Role of PET in the evaluation and understanding of coronary physiology. J Nucl Cardiol. 2007;14:589-603. (Pubitemid 47163562)
11. Drexler H. Endothelial dysfunction: clinical implications. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1997;39:287-324. (Pubitemid 27120399)
12. Hink U, Li H, Mollnau H, et al. Mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Circ Res. 2001;88:E14-22.
13. Harris MI, Flegal KM, Cowie CC, et al. Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:518-24. (Pubitemid 28172927)
14. Tan KC, Ai VH, Chow WS, et al. Influence of low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction profile and LDL oxidation on endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:3212-6. (Pubitemid 30646946)
15. Cai H, Harrison DG. Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress. Circ Res. 2000;87:840-4.
16. Madonna R, De Caterina R. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular injury in diabetes-part I: pathways of vascular disease in diabetes. Vascul Pharmacol. 2011;54:68-74.
17. Schindler TH, Schelbert HR, Quercioli A, et al. Cardiac PET imaging for the detection and monitoring of coronary artery disease and microvascular health. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3:623-40.
18. Rubinshtein R, Kuvin JT, Soffler M, et al. Assessment of endothelial function by non-invasive peripheral arterial tonometry predicts late cardiovascular adverse events. Eur Heart J. 2011;31:1142-8.
19. Anderson TJ, Uehata A, Gerhard MD, et al. Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1235-41.
20. Scholtens AM, Tio RA, Willemsen A, et al. Myocardial perfusion reserve compared with peripheral perfusion reserve: a [13 N]ammonia PET study. J Nucl Cardiol. 2010;18:238-46.
21. Bottcher M, Madsen MM, Refsgaard J, et al. Peripheral flow response to transient arterial forearm occlusion does not reflect myocardial perfusion reserve. Circulation. 2001;103:1109-14. (Pubitemid 32200185)
22. Valenta I, Landmesser U, Schindler TH. Vascular function of the peripheral and coronary circulation: worthwhile to assess their relation? J Nucl Cardiol. 2010;18:201-3.
23. Schelbert HR. Anatomy and physiology of coronary blood flow. J Nucl Cardiol. 2010;17:545-54.
24. Schindler TH, Nitzsche EU, Olschewski M, et al. PET-Measured Responses of MBF to Cold Pressor Testing Correlate with Indices of Coronary Vasomotion on Quantitative Coronary Angiography. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:419-28. (Pubitemid 47618615)
25. Buus NH, Bottcher M, Hermansen F, et al. Influence of nitric oxide synthase and adrenergic inhibition on adenosine-induced myocardial hyperemia. Circulation. 2001;104:2305-10. (Pubitemid 33049513)
26. Tawakol A, Forgione MA, Stuehlinger M, et al. Homocysteine impairs coronary microvascular dilator function in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:1051-8.
27. Schelbert HR. Coronary circulatory function abnormalities in insulin resistance: insights from positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:S3-8.
28. Cavalcante JL, Tamarappoo B, Hachamovitch R. Assessing risk and predicting Outcomes in coronary artery disease: physiology, anatomy, or biology? Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep. 2011;4:180-9.
29. Grundy SM, Brewer Jr. HB, Cleeman JI, et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004;109:433-8. (Pubitemid 38133916)
30. Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, et al. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;56:1113-32.
31. Eckel RH, Daniels SR, Jacobs AK, et al. America's children: a critical time for prevention. Circulation. 2005;111:1866-8. (Pubitemid 40570203)
32. Schindler TH, Cardenas J, Prior JO, et al. Relationship between increasing body weight, insulin resistance, inflammation, adipocytokine leptin, and coronary circulatory function. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1188-95.
33. Steinberg HO, Chaker H, Leaming R, et al. Obesity/insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Implications for the syndrome of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:2601-10.
34. Al Suwaidi J, Higano ST, Holmes Jr. DR, et al. Obesity is independently associated with coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1523-8.
35. Motivala AA, Rose PA, Kim HM, et al. Cardiovascular risk, obesity, and myocardial blood flow in postmenopausal women. J Nucl Cardiol. 2008;15:510-7.
36. Schindler TH, Nitzsche EU, Olschewski M, et al. Chronic inflammation and impaired coronary vasoreactivity in patients with coronary risk factors. Circulation. 2004;110:1069-75. (Pubitemid 39319004)
37. Vaccarino V, Khan D, Votaw J, et al. Inflammation is related to coronary flow reserve detected by positron emission tomography in asymptomatic male twins. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:1271-9.
38. Contreras C, Sanchez A, Garcia-Sacristan A, et al. Preserved insulin vasorelaxation and up-regulation of the Akt/eNOS pathway in coronary arteries from insulin resistant obese Zucker rats. Atherosclerosis. 2011;217:331-9.
39. Sundell J, Nuutila P, Laine H, et al. Dose-dependent vasodilating effects of insulin on adenosine-stimulated myocardial blood flow. Diabetes. 2002;51:1125-30. (Pubitemid 34438359)
40. Iozzo P, Chareonthaitawee P, Di Terlizzi M, et al. Regional myocardial blood flow and glucose utilization during fasting and physiological hyperinsulinemia in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;282:E1163-71. (Pubitemid 34654732)
41. Sundell J, Laine H, Nuutila P, et al. The effects of insulin and shortterm hyperglycaemia on myocardial blood flow in young men with uncomplicated Type I diabetes. Diabetologia. 2002;45:775-82.
42. Lautamaki R, Airaksinen KE, Seppanen M, et al. Insulin improves myocardial blood flow in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Diabetes. 2006;55:511-6. (Pubitemid 43343283)
43. Quinones MJ, Hernandez-Pampaloni M, Schelbert H, et al. Coronary vasomotor abnormalities in insulin-resistant individuals. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:700-8.
44. Prior JO, Quinones MJ, Hernandez-Pampaloni M, et al. Coronary circulatory dysfunction in insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2005;111:2291-8. (Pubitemid 40647063)
45. Yokoyama I, Momomura S, Ohtake T, et al. Reduced myocardial flow reserve in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:1472-7. (Pubitemid 27486464)
46. Pitkanen OP, Nuutila P, Raitakari OT, et al. Coronary flow reserve is reduced in young men with IDDM. Diabetes. 1998;47:248-54. (Pubitemid 28079982)
47. Di Carli MF, Bianco-Batlles D, Landa ME, et al. Effects of autonomic neuropathy on coronary blood flow in patients with diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 1999;100:813-9. (Pubitemid 29398878)
48. Di Carli MF, Janisse J, Grunberger G, et al. Role of chronic hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1387-93. (Pubitemid 36439001)
49. Srinivasan M, Herrero P, McGill JB, et al. The effects of plasma insulin and glucose on myocardial blood flow in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:42-8. (Pubitemid 40905127)
50. Herrero P, Peterson LR, McGill JB, et al. Increased myocardial fatty acid metabolism in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:598-604. (Pubitemid 43170851)
51. Williams SB, Goldfine AB, Timimi FK, et al. Acute hyperglycemia attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans in vivo. Circulation. 1998;97:1695-701. (Pubitemid 28211418)
52. Timimi FK, Ting HH, Haley EA, et al. Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with insulindependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:552-7. (Pubitemid 28144120)
53. Ting HH, Timimi FK, Boles KS, et al. Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:22-8. (Pubitemid 26021690)
54. Winters B, Mo Z, Brooks-Asplund E, et al. Reduction of obesity, as induced by leptin, reverses endothelial dysfunction in obese (Lep(ob)) mice. J Appl Physiol. 2000;89:2382-90.
55. Pacher P, Steffens S. The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular disease. Semin Immunopathol. 2009;31:63-77.
56. Matias I, Gonthier MP, Orlando P, et al. Regulation, function, and dysregulation of endocannabinoids in models of adipose and betapancreatic cells and in obesity and hyperglycemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:3171-80. (Pubitemid 44271774)
57. Quercioli A, Pataky Z, Vincenti G, et al. Elevated endocannabinoid plasma levels are associated with coronary circulatory dysfunction in obesity. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1369-78.
58. Schindler TH, Facta AD, Prior JO, et al. Improvement in coronary vascular dysfunction produced with euglycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Heart. 2007;93:345-9. (Pubitemid 46579525)
59. Schindler TH, Cadenas J, Facta AD, et al. Improvement in coronary endothelial function is independently associated with a slowed progression of coronary artery calcification in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:3064-73.
60. McMahon GT, Plutzky J, Daher E, Bhattacharyya T, Grunberger G, DiCarli MF. Effect of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist on myocardial blood flow in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1145-50. (Pubitemid 40616626)
61. Schindler TH, Facta AD, Prior JO, et al. Structural alterations of the coronary arterial wall are associated with myocardial flow heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:219-29.
62. Sundell J, Janatuinen T, Ronnemaa T, et al. Diabetic background retinopathy is associated with impaired coronary vasoreactivity in people with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2004;47:725-31. (Pubitemid 38658375)
63. Rumberger JA, Simons DB, Fitzpatrick LA, et al. Coronary artery calcium area by electron-beam computed tomography and coronary atherosclerotic plaque area. A histopathologic correlative study. Circulation. 1995;92:2157-62.
64. Anand DV, Lim E, Hopkins D, et al. Risk stratification in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes: prospective evaluation of the combined use of coronary artery calcium imaging and selective myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:713-21.
65. Hulten EA, Carbonaro S, Petrillo SP, et al. Prognostic value of cardiac computed tomography angiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:1237-47.
66. Ross R. Atherosclerosis-an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:115-26.
67. Caballero AE. Metabolic and vascular abnormalities in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes: the early start of a dangerous situation. Arch Med Res. 2005;36:241-9. (Pubitemid 40755137)
68. Hsiao EM, Ali B, Dorbala S. Clinical Role of Hybrid Imaging. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep. 2011:ahead of print.
69. Tirosh A, Shai I, Afek A, et al. Adolescent BMI trajectory and risk of diabetes versus coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1315-25.
70. Reaven GM. Relationships among insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, essential hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: similarities and differences. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:238-43.
71. Miller TD, Redberg RF, Wackers FJ. Screening asymptomatic diabetic patients for coronary artery disease: why not? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:761-4. (Pubitemid 44175712)
72. Young LH, Wackers FJ, Chyun DA, et al. Cardiac outcomes after screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DIAD study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;301:1547-55.
73. Wackers FJ, Young LH, Inzucchi SE, et al. Detection of silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic diabetic subjects: the DIAD study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:1954-61. (Pubitemid 38989238)
74. Hernandez-Pampaloni M, Keng FY, Kudo T, et al. Abnormal longitudinal, base-to-apex myocardial perfusion gradient by quantitative blood flow measurements in patients with coronary risk factors. Circulation. 2001;104:527-32. (Pubitemid 32738120)
75. Wackers FJ, Chyun DA, Young LH, et al. Resolution of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Detection of Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics (DIAD) study. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:2892-8. (Pubitemid 350083141)
76. Gould KL, Nakagawa Y, Nakagawa K, et al. Frequency and clinical implications of fluid dynamically significant diffuse coronary artery disease manifest as graded, longitudinal, base-to-apex myocardial perfusion abnormalities by noninvasive positron emission tomography. Circulation. 2000;101:1931-9. (Pubitemid 30225274)
77. Valenta I, Quercioli A, Vincenti G, et al. Structural epicardial disease and microvascular function are determinants of an abnormal longitudinal myocardial blood flow difference in cardiovascular risk individuals as determined with PET/CT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2010;17:1023-33.
78. Curillova Z, Yaman BF, Dorbala S, et al. Quantitative relationship between coronary calcium content and coronary flow reserve as assessed by integrated PET/CT imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:1603-10.
79. Zeiher AM, Drexler H. Coronary hemodynamic determinants of epicardial artery vasomotor responses during sympathetic stimulation in humans. Basic Res Cardiol. 1991;86 Suppl 2:203-13.
80. Schwaiger M, Kalff V, Rosenspire K, et al. Noninvasive evaluation of sympathetic nervous system in human heart by positron emission tomography. Circulation. 1990;82:457-64. (Pubitemid 20257824)
81. Di Carli MF, Tobes MC, Mangner T, et al. Effects of cardiac sympathetic innervation on coronary blood flow. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1208-15. (Pubitemid 27183650)
82. Stevens MJ, Raffel DM, Allman KC, et al. Cardiac sympathetic dysinnervation in diabetes: implications for enhanced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 1998;98:961-8. (Pubitemid 28446648)
83. Pop-Busui R, Kirkwood I, Schmid H, et al. Sympathetic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes: association with impaired myocardial blood flow reserve and diastolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:2368-74. (Pubitemid 39647612)
84. Fitzgerald SM, Kemp-Harper BK, Tare M, et al. Role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in endothelial dysfunction during diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2005;32:482-7. (Pubitemid 40780280)
85. Mather KJ, Verma S, Anderson TJ. Improved endothelial function with metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1344-50.
86. Feletou M, Vanhoutte PM. The alternative: EDHF. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1999;31:15-22. (Pubitemid 29078215)
87. Modena MG, Bonetti L, Coppi F, et al. Prognostic role of reversible endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive postmenopausal women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:505-10. (Pubitemid 34833167)
88. Fichtlscherer S, Breuer S, Zeiher AM. Prognostic value of systemic endothelial dysfunction in patients with acute coronary syndromes: further evidence for the existence of the "vulnerable" patient. Circulation. 2004;110:1926-32. (Pubitemid 39331903)