Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to raw milk cheese in Quebec, Canada: Use of exact probability calculation and case-case study approaches to foodborne outbreak investigation

Journal of Food Protection

Volumn 75, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 812-818

  Gaulin, Colette ^a   Levac, Eric ^b   Ramsay, Danielle ^b   Dion, Réjean ^c   Ismaïl, Johanne ^c   Gingras, Suzanne ^c   Lacroix, Christine ^b,d  

^a Ministère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux   (Canada)

^b Gouvernement du Quebec   (Canada)

^c INSTITUT NATIONAL DE SANTÉ PUBLIQUE DU QUÉBEC   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITÉ DE SHERBROOKE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; CANADA; CATTLE; CHEESE; EPIDEMIC; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTION; ESCHERICHIA COLI O157; FEMALE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD CONTROL; HUMAN; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; MILK; PROBABILITY; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS;

ANIMALS; BACTERIAL TYPING TECHNIQUES; CATTLE; CHEESE; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; ELECTROPHORESIS, GEL, PULSED-FIELD; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS; ESCHERICHIA COLI O157; FEMALE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD MICROBIOLOGY; HUMANS; MILK; PROBABILITY; QUEBEC;

ESCHERICHIA COLI;

EID: 84860820724     PISSN: 0362028X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-385     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Standardized laboratory protocol for molecular subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), standardized molecular subtyping of foodborne bacterial pathogens by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007. Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection associated with drinking raw milk-Washington and Oregon, November-December 2005. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 56:165-167.
3. Clark, W. A., D. G. Hollis, R. E. Weaver, and P. Riley. 1984. Identification of unusual pathogenic gram-negative aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
4. Crump, J. A., A. C. Sulka, A. J. Langer, C. Schaben, A. S. Crielly, R. Gage, M. Baysinger, M. Moll, G. Withers, D. M. Toney, S. B. Hunter, R. M. Hoekstra, S. K. Wong, P. M. Griffin, and T. J. Van Gilder. 2002. An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm. N. Engl. J. Med. 347:555-560.
5. Denny, J., M. Bhat, and K. Eckmann. 2008. Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with raw milk consumption in the Pacific Northwest. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 5:321-328. (Pubitemid 351873423)
6. ™ E. coli O157 test kit, PN 18220014/D12457116. DuPont, Wilmington, DE.
7. Farmer, J. J., III, M. A. Asbury, F. W. Hickman, D. J. Brenner, and the Enterobacteriaceae Study Group. 1980. Enterobacter sakazakii: a new species of "Enterobacteriaceae" isolated from clinical specimens. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:569-584. (Pubitemid 10013531)
8. Gannon, V. P., T. A. Graham, R. King, P. Michel, S. Read, K. Ziebell, and R. P. Johnson. 2002. Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in cows and calves in a beef cattle herd in Alberta, Canada. Epidemiol. Infect. 129:163-172.
9. Grimmet, G. R., and D. R. Stirzaker. 2001. Probability and random processes, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, New York.
10. Hancock, D. D., T. E. Besser, M. L. Kinsel, P. I. Tarr, D. H. Rice, and M. G. Paros. 1994. The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy and beef cattle in Washington State. Epidemiol. Infect. 113:199-207. (Pubitemid 24310309)
11. Honish, L., G. Predy, N. Hislop, L. Chui, K. Kowalewska-Grochowska, L. Trottier, C. Kreplin, and I. Zazulak. 2005. An outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 hemorrhagic colitis associated with unpasteurized Gouda cheese. Can. J. Public Health 96:182-184. (Pubitemid 40779042)
12. Keene, W. E., K. Hedberg, D. E. Herriott, D. D. Hancock, R. W. McKay, T. J. Barrett, and D. W. Fleming. 1997. A prolonged outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 caused by commercially distributed raw milk. J. Infect. Dis. 176:815-818. (Pubitemid 27360560)
13. Krumkamp, R., R. Reintjes, and M. Dirksen-Fischer. 2008. Case-case study of a Salmonella outbreak: an epidemiologic method to analyse surveillance data. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 211:163-167. (Pubitemid 351255597)
14. Laperrière, G. Isolation et identification des E. coli O157:H7 par immunocapture. In Recueil des méthodes microbiologiques en analyse alimentaire. 01M142. Direction du laboratoire d'expertises et d'analyses alimentaires. MAPAQ, Quebec. Unpublished data.
15. Lekkas, C., A. Kakouri, E. Paleologos, L. P. Voutsinas, M. G. Kontominas, and J. Samelis. 2006. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in galotyri cheese stored at 4 and 12°C. Food Microbiol. 23:268-276. (Pubitemid 41405735)
16. Maher, M. M., K. N. Jordan, M. E. Upton, and A. Coffey. 2001. Growth and survival of E. coli O157:H7 during the manufacture and ripening of a smear-ripened cheese produced from raw milk. J. Appl. Microbiol. 90:201-207. (Pubitemid 32158739)
17. March, S. B., and S. Ratnam. 1986. Sorbitol-MacConkey medium for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with hemorrhagic colitis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 23:869-872. (Pubitemid 16120609)
18. McCarthy, N., and J. Giesecke. 1999. Case-case comparisons to study causation of common infectious diseases. Int. J. Epidemiol. 28:764-768. (Pubitemid 29401339)
19. Mechie, S. C., P. A. Chapman, and C. A. Siddons. 1997. A fifteenmonth study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a dairy herd. Epidemiol. Infect. 118:17-25. (Pubitemid 27095721)
20. Murinda, S. E., L. T. Nguyen, S. J. Ivey, B. E. Gillespie, R. A. Almeida, F. A. Draughon, and S. P. Oliver. 2002. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bulk tank milk and fecal samples from cull cows: a 12-month survey of dairy farms in East Tennessee. J. Food Prot. 65:752-759. (Pubitemid 34494823)
21. Oliver, S. P., K. J. Boor, S. C. Murphy, and S. E. Murinda. Food safety hazards associated with consumption of raw milk. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 6:793-806.
22. Oporto, B., J. I. Esteban, G. Aduriz, R. A. Juste, and A. Hurtado. 2008. Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in healthy cattle, sheep and swine herds in Northern Spain. Zoonoses Public Health 55:73-81. (Pubitemid 351143753)
23. Rahn, K., S. A. Renwick, R. P. Johnson, J. B. Wilson, R. C. Clarke, D. Alves, S. McEwen, H. Lior, and J. Spika. 1997. Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy cattle and the dairy farm environment. Epidemiol. Infect. 119:251-259. (Pubitemid 27474807)
24. Schlesser, J. E., R. Gerdes, S. Ravishankar, K. Madsen, J. Mowbray, and A. Y. Teo. 2006. Survival of a five-strain cocktail of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during the 60-day aging period of cheddar cheese made from unpasteurized milk. J. Food Prot. 69:990-998.
25. Tauxe, R. V. 1997. Emerging foodborne disease: an evolving public health challenge. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 3:425-434. (Pubitemid 127431708)
26. Tenover, F. C., R. D. Arbeit, R. V. Goering, P. A. Mickelsen, B. E. Murray, D. H. Persing, and B. Swaminathan. 1995. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:2233-2239.
27. Tilden, J., Jr., W. Young, A. M. McNamara, C. Custer, B. Boesel, M. A. Lambert-Fair, J. Majkowski, D. Vugia, S. B. Werner, J. Hollingsworth, and J. G. Morris, Jr. 1996. A new route of transmission of Escherichia coli: infection from dry fermented salami. Am. J. Public Health 86:1142-1145. (Pubitemid 26271542)
28. Tyler, S., W. M. Johnson, H. Lior, G. Wang, and K. R. Rozee. 1991. Identification of verotoxin type 2 variant B subunit genes in Escherichia coli by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:1339-1343.
29. Van Donkersgoed, J., T. Graham, and V. Gannon. 1999. The prevalence of verotoxins, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in the feces and rumen of cattle at processing. Can. Vet. J. 40:332-338. (Pubitemid 129566703)
30. Vernozy-Rozand, C., C. Mazuy-Cruchaudet, C. Bavai, M. P. Montet, V. Bonin, A. Dernburg, and Y. Richard. 2005. Growth and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during the manufacture and ripening of raw goat milk lactic cheeses. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 105:83-88. (Pubitemid 41550038)
31. Wahi, S., S. Bansal, M. Ghosh, and A. Ganguli. 2006. Growth and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during manufacture and storage of Indian cheese (paneer). Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 3:184-189. (Pubitemid 43887057)
32. Warburton, D., and D. Christensen. 2008. Isolation of E. coli O157:H7 or NM in foods. MFLP-80. Available at: http://www.hc-sc. gc.ca/fn-an/res-rech/ analy-meth/microbio/volume3/mflp-80-eng.php. Accessed 9 August 2011.
33. Wilson, N., M. Baker, R. Edwards, and G. Simmons. 2008. Case-case analysis of enteric diseases with routine surveillance data: potential use and example results. Epidemiol. Perspect. Innov. 5:1-8.