The impact of exposure to interpersonal violence on gender differences in adolescent-onset major depression: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)

Depression and Anxiety

Volumn 29, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 392-399

  Dunn, Erin C ^a   Gilman, Stephen E ^a   Willett, John B ^b   Slopen, Natalie B ^c   Molnar, Beth E ^a  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b HARVARD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION   (United States)

^c HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

depression; mediation; stress exposure; stress reactivity; violence

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FAMILY VIOLENCE; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAPE; REVIEW; RISK; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL ABUSE; SEXUAL CRIME; SURVIVAL; VIOLENCE; WITNESS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SEX FACTORS; SEX OFFENSES; UNITED STATES; VIOLENCE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84860738446     PISSN: 10914269     EISSN: 15206394     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/da.21916     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Kuehner C,. Gender differences in unipolar depression: an update of epidemiological findings and possible explanations. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003; 108 (3): 163-174. (Pubitemid 36963066)
2. Piccinelli M, Wilkinson G,. Gender differences in depression: critical review. Br J Psychiatry 2000; 177: 486-492. (Pubitemid 32005477)
3. Nolen-Hoeksema S, Hilt LM,. Gender differences in depression. In:, Gotlib IH, Hammen CL, editors. Handbook of Depression. 2nd ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2009: 386-404.
4. Rutter M,. Child psychiatry: the interface between clinical and developmental research. Psychol Med 1986; 16: 151-169. (Pubitemid 16130417)
5. Twenge JM, Nolen-Hoeksema S,. Age, gender, race, SES, and birth cohort differences on the Children's Depression Inventory: a meta analysis. J Abnorm Psychol 2002; 111: 578-588.
6. Nolen-Hoeksema S, Girgus JS,. The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. Psychol Bull 1994; 115 (3): 424-443. (Pubitemid 24976754)
7. Hankin BL, Abramson LY, Moffitt TE, Silva PA, McGee R, Angell KA,. Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: emerging gender differences in a 10 year longitudinal study. J Abnorm Psychol 1998; 107: 128-141.
8. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE,. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 593-602. (Pubitemid 40973434)
9. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Ronald C,., Kessler, PhD,;, Patricia Berglund, MBA,;, Olga Demler, MS,;, Jin R, Koretz D, Merikangas KR, Rush J, Walters E, Wang PS, The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). J Am Med Assoc 2003; 289: 3095-4105.
10. Galambos NL, Leadbeater BJ, Barker ET,. Gender differences in and risk factors for depression in adolescents: a 4-year longitudinal study. Int J Behav Dev 2004; 28: 16-25. (Pubitemid 38139730)
11. Blazer DG, Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Swartz MS,. The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: the National Comorbidity Survey. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 979-986. (Pubitemid 24208631)
12. Williams DR, Gonzalez HM, Neighbors HW, Nesse R., Abelson JM, Sweetman J,. &, Jackson J. S., Prevalence and distribution of major depressive disorder in African Americans, Caribbean blacks, and non-Hispanic whites. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007; 64: 305-315. (Pubitemid 46376782)
13. Zahn-Waxler C, Shirtcliff EA, Marceau K,. Disorders of childhood and adolescence: gender and psychopathology. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2008; 4: 275-303. (Pubitemid 351668619)
14. Crick NR, Zahn-Waxler C,. The development of psychopathology in females and males: current progress and future challenges. Dev Psychopathol 2003; 15: 719-742. (Pubitemid 351480039)
15. Hankin BL, Wetter E, Cheely C,. Sex differences in child and adolescent depression: a developmental psychopathological approach. In:, Abela JRZ, Hankin BL, editors. Handbook of Depression in Children and Adolescents. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2008: 377-414.
16. Hyde JS, Mezulis AH, Abramson LY,. The ABCs of depression: integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of gender differences in depression. Psychol Rev 2008; 115 (2): 291-313.
17. Kessler RC,. The effects of stressful life events on depression. Annu Rev Psychol 1997; 48: 191-214. (Pubitemid 127485175)
18. Chapman DP, Whitfield CL, Felitti VJ, Dube SR, Edwards VJ, Anda RF,. Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. J Affect Disord 2004; 82: 217-225. (Pubitemid 39370823)
19. Molnar BE, Buka SL, Kessler RC,. Child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Am J Public Health 2001; 91: 753-760. (Pubitemid 32397911)
20. Widom CS, DuMont K, Czaja SJ,. A prospective investigation of major depressive disorder and comorbidity in abused and neglected children grown up. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007; 64: 49-56. (Pubitemid 46041738)
21. Cutler SE, Nolen-Hoeksema S,. Accounting for sex differences in depression through female victimization: childhood sexual abuse. Sex Roles 1991; 24 (7/8): 425-438.
22. Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS,. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction in many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study. Am J Prev Med 1998; 14: 245-258.
23. Putnam FW,. Ten-year research update review: child sexual abuse. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003; 42 (3): 269-278. (Pubitemid 39592082)
24. Turner HA, Finkelhor D, Ormrod R,. The effect of lifetime victimization on the mental health of children and adolescents. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62: 13-27. (Pubitemid 41728100)
25. Koenen KC, Roberts AL, Stone DM, Dunn EC,. The epidemiology of early childhood trauma. In:, Lanius RA, Vermetten E, Pain C, editors. The Hidden Epidemic: The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and Disease. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2010: 13-24.
26. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children YaF. Child Maltreatment 2006. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008.
27. Baron RM, Kenny DA,. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 1986; 51 (6): 1173-1182.
28. Kraemer HC, Stice E, Kazdin A, Offord D, Kupfer D,. How do risk factors work together? Mediators, moderators, and independent, overlapping, and proxy risk factors. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158 (6): 848-856. (Pubitemid 32547610)
29. Nolen-Hoeksema S,. Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. J Abnorm Psychol 1991; 100: 569-582.
30. Leadbeater BJ, Kuperminc GP, Blatt SJ, Hertzog C,. A multivariate model of gender differences in adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Dev Psychol 1999; 35 (5): 1268-1282.
31. Slopen N, Williams DR, Fitzmaurice GM, Gilman SE,. Sex, stressful life events, and adult onset depression and alcohol dependence: are men and women equally vulnerable? Soc Sci Med 2011; 73 (4): 615-622.
32. Kessler RC,. Gender differences in major depression: epidemiological findings. In:, Frank E, editor. Gender and Its Effects on Psychopathology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 2000: 61-84.
33. Fergusson DM, Swain-Campbell NR, Horwood LJ,. 2002. Does sexual violence contribute to elevated rates of anxiety and depression in females? Psychol Med 32: 991-996.
34. Kendler KS, Thornton LM, Prescott CA,. 2001. Gender differences in the rates of exposure to stressful life events and sensitivity to their depressogenic effects. Am J Psychiatry 158: 587-593. (Pubitemid 32289821)
35. Gershon A, Minor K, Hayward C,. 2008. Gender, victimization, and psychiatric outcomes. Psychol Med 28: 1377-1391.
36. Schilling EA, Aseltine RH, Gore S,. 2007. Adverse childhood experiences and mental health in young adults: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 7 (30).
37. Nelson EC, Heath AC, Madden PA, et al. Association between self-reported childhood sexual abuse and adverse psychosocial outcomes: results from a twin study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 139-145. (Pubitemid 34137383)
38. Pimlott-Kubiak S, Corina KM,. Gender, victimization, and outcomes: reconceptualizing risk. J Consult Clin Psychol 2003; 71: 528-539. (Pubitemid 36605343)
39. MacMillan HL, Fleming JE, Streiner DL, Lin E, Boyle MH, Jamieson E, Duku EK, Walsh CA, Wong MY, Beardslee WR,. Childhood abuse and lifetime psychopathology in a community sample. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 1878-1883. (Pubitemid 33054782)
40. Buckner JC, Beardslee WR, Bassuk EL,. Exposure to violence and low-income children's mental health: direct, moderated, and mediated relations. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2004; 74: 413-423. (Pubitemid 39488598)
41. Buka SL, Stichick TF, Birdthistle I, Earls FJ,. Youth exposure to violence: prevalence, risks, and consequences. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2001; 71 (3): 298-310. (Pubitemid 32720408)
42. Maniglio R,. Child sexual abuse in the etiology of depression: a systematic review of reviews. Depress Anxiety 2010; 27: 631-642.
43. Costello EJ, Foley DL, Angold A,. 10-year research update review: the epidemiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: II. Developmental epidemiology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006; 45 (1): 8-25. (Pubitemid 41818137)
44. Ben-Shlomo Y, Kuh D,. A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives. Int J Epidemiol 2002; 31 (2): 285-93. (Pubitemid 34537777)
45. Halfon N, Hochstein M,. Life course health development: an integrated framework for developing health, policy, and research. Milbank Q 2002; 80 (3): 433-79, iii.
46. Hertzman C, Power C,. Health and human development: understandings from life-course research. Dev Neuropsychol 2003; 24 (2-3): 719-44. (Pubitemid 37370465)
47. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE,. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 617-627. (Pubitemid 40973437)
48. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Chiu WT, et al. The US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R): design and field procedures. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2004; 13 (2): 69-92. (Pubitemid 39199022)
49. Kessler RC, Merikangas KR,. The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R): background and aims. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2004; 13 (2): 60-68. (Pubitemid 39199021)
50. Wittchen HU,. Reliability and validity studies of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): a critical review. J Psychiatr Res 1994; 28 (1): 57-84.
51. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Office of Adolescent Health, National Adolescent Health Information Center, University of California SF. Executive SummaryâImproving the Health of Adolescents & Young Adults: A Guide for States and Communities. Atlanta, GA; 2004.
52. Cox DR,. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc Ser B 1972; 34 (2): 187-220.
53. Singer JD, Willett JB,. Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2003.
54. Rose G,. The Strategy of Preventive Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press; 1992.
55. Leach LS, Christensen H, Mackinnon AJ, Windsor TD, Butterworth P,. Gender differences in depression and anxiety across the adult lifespan: the role of psychosocial mediators. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2008; 43: 983-998.
56. Trickett PK, Noll JG, Putnam FW,. The impact of sexual abuse on female development: lessons from a multigenerational, longitudinal research study. Dev Psychopathol 2011; 23 (2): 453-476.