Percutaneous coronary interventions without on-site cardiac surgical backup

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 366, Issue 19, 2012, Pages 1814-1823

  Shahian, David M ^a,b   Meyer, Gregg S ^a,b   Yeh, Robert W ^a,b   Fifer, Michael A ^a,b   Torchiana, David F ^a,b  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CONSULTATION; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; CORONARY ARTERY SURGERY; CORONARY STENT; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HEALTH CARE AVAILABILITY; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE NEED; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH PROGRAM; HEART SURGERY; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MEDICAL SOCIETY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT SAFETY; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; SURGICAL MORTALITY; SURGICAL RISK; TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; TREATMENT FAILURE; TREATMENT INDICATION; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84860725487     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1109616     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. Cowley MJ, Dorros G, Kelsey SF, Van RM, Detre KM. Emergency coronary bypass surgery after coronary angioplasty: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry experience. Am J Cardiol 1984;53:22C-26C. (Pubitemid 14075382)
2. Seshadri N, Whitlow PL, Acharya N, Houghtaling P, Blackstone EH, Ellis SG. Emergency coronary artery bypass surgery in the contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention era. Circulation 2002; 106:2346-50. (Pubitemid 35244736)
3. Yang EH, Gumina RJ, Lennon RJ, Holmes DR Jr, Rihal CS, Singh M. Emergency coronary artery bypass surgery for percutaneous coronary interventions: changes in the incidence, clinical characteristics, and indications from 1979 to 2003. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:2004-9. (Pubitemid 41713582)
4. Reinecke H, Fetsch T, Roeder N, et al. Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting after failed coronary angioplasty: what has changed in a decade? Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:1997-2003. (Pubitemid 32015297)
5. Kutcher MA, Klein LW, Ou FS, et al. Percutaneous coronary interventions in facilities without cardiac surgery on site: a report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR). J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:16-24.
6. Dawkins KD, Gershlick T, de Belder M, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention: recommendations for good practice and training. Heart 2005;91:Suppl 6:vi1-vi27. (Pubitemid 43021883)
7. Loubeyre C, Morice MC, Berzin B, et al. Emergency coronary artery bypass surgery following coronary angioplasty and stenting: results of a French multicenter registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 1999; 47:441-8. (Pubitemid 29360368)
8. Lotfi M, Mackie K, Dzavik V, Seidelin PH. Impact of delays to cardiac surgery after failed angioplasty and stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:337-42. (Pubitemid 38167690)
9. Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL. Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials. Lancet 2003;361:13-20. (Pubitemid 36050955)
10. Weaver WD, Simes RJ, Betriu A, et al. Comparison of primary coronary angioplasty and intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 1997;278:2093-8. [Erratum, JAMA 1998; 279:1876.] (Pubitemid 28016233)
11. Zijlstra F, Hoorntje JC, de Boer MJ, et al. Long-term benefit of primary angioplasty as compared with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1413-9. (Pubitemid 29513456)
12. Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, et al. 2007 Focused update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the Canadian Cardiovascular Society endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, writing on behalf of the 2004 Writing Committee. Circulation 2008;117: 296-329. [Erratum, Circulation 2008; 117(6):e162.]
13. Jacobs AK. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention without cardiac surgery on-site: coming to a hospital near you? Am Heart J 2008;155:585-8. (Pubitemid 351410513)
14. Aversano T, Aversano LT, Passamani E, et al. Thrombolytic therapy vs primary percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction in patients presenting to hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;287:1943-51. [Erratum, JAMA 2002;287:3212.] (Pubitemid 34309752)
15. Jacobs AK, Antman EM, Ellrodt G, et al. Recommendation to develop strategies to increase the number of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients with timely access to primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2006;113:2152-63.
16. Moyer P, Feldman J, Levine J, et al. Implications of the mechanical (PCI) vs thrombolytic controversy for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction on the organization of emergency medical services: the Boston EMS experience. Crit Pathw Cardiol 2004;3:53-61. (Pubitemid 38744507)
17. Berger PB, Ellis SG, Holmes DR Jr, et al. Relationship between delay in performing direct coronary angioplasty and early clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes (GUSTO-IIb) trial. Circulation 1999;100: 14-20. (Pubitemid 29297934)
18. Cannon CP, Gibson CM, Lambrew CT, et al. Relationship of symptom-onset-to-balloon time and door-to-balloon time with mortality in patients undergoing angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 2000;283:2941-7. (Pubitemid 30414505)
19. Liem AL, van't Hof AW, Hoorntje JC, de Boer MJ, Suryapranata H, Zijlstra F. Influence of treatment delay on infarct size and clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:629-33. (Pubitemid 28435245)
20. De Luca G, Suryapranata H, Ottervanger JP, Antman EM. Time delay to treatment and mortality in primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: every minute of delay counts. Circulation 2004; 109:1223-5. (Pubitemid 38372780)
21. Nallamothu BK, Bates ER, Herrin J, Wang Y, Bradley EH, Krumholz HM. Times to treatment in transfer patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the United States: National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI)-3/4 analysis. Circulation 2005;111:761-7. (Pubitemid 40250637)
22. Weaver WD. Is onsite surgery backup necessary for percutaneous coronary interventions? JAMA 2004;292:2014-6. (Pubitemid 39411213)
23. Epstein AJ, Polsky D, Yang F, Yang L, Groeneveld PW. Coronary revascularization trends in the United States, 2001-2008. JAMA 2011;305:1769-76.
24. Singh M. Primary angioplasty should be performed in hospitals without on-site surgery. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005; 65:1-7. (Pubitemid 40604821)
25. Singh M, Ting HH, Gersh BJ, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at hospitals with and without on-site cardiac surgical capability. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:738-44. (Pubitemid 38691824)
26. Singh M, Ting HH, Berger PB, Garratt KN, Holmes DR Jr, Gersh BJ. Rationale for on-site cardiac surgery for primary angioplasty: a time for reappraisal. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:1881-9. (Pubitemid 34628267)
27. Smith SC Jr, Feldman TE, Hirshfeld JW Jr, et al. ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/SCAI Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention). Circulation 2006;113:156-75. (Pubitemid 43958502)
28. Dehmer GJ, Blankenship J, Wharton TP Jr, et al. The current status and future direction of percutaneous coronary intervention without on-site surgical backup: an expert consensus document from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2007;69:471-8. [Erratum, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2007;69:931.] (Pubitemid 46363845)
29. Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Circulation 2011;124:2574-609.
30. Stone GW, Brodie BR, Griffin JJ, et al. Role of cardiac surgery in the hospital phase management of patients treated with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2000; 85:1292-6. (Pubitemid 30314659)
31. Weaver WD, Litwin PE, Martin JS. Use of direct angioplasty for treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction in hospitals with and without on-site cardiac surgery. Circulation 1993;88:2067-75. (Pubitemid 23326084)
32. Weaver WD, Parsons L, Every N. Primary coronary angioplasty in hospitals with and without surgery backup. J Invasive Cardiol 1995;Suppl F:34F-39F.
33. Wharton TP Jr, McNamara NS, Fedele FA, Jacobs MI, Gladstone AR, Funk EJ. Primary angioplasty for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: experience at two community hospitals without cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:1257- 65.
34. Ting HH, Garratt KN, Singh M, et al. Low-risk percutaneous coronary interventions without on-site cardiac surgery: two years' observational experience and follow- up. Am Heart J 2003;145:278-84. (Pubitemid 36207949)
35. Wharton TP Jr, Grines LL, Turco MA, et al. Primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction at hospitals with no surgery on-site (the PAMI-No SOS study) versus transfer to surgical centers for primary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43:1943-50. (Pubitemid 38686785)
36. Wennberg DE, Lucas FL, Siewers AE, Kellett MA, Malenka DJ. Outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions performed at centers without and with onsite coronary artery bypass graft surgery. JAMA 2004;292:1961-8. (Pubitemid 39411204)
37. Ting HH, Raveendran G, Lennon RJ, et al. A total of 1,007 percutaneous coronary interventions without onsite cardiac surgery: acute and long-term outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1713-21.
38. Singh M, Gersh BJ, Lennon RJ, et al. Outcomes of a system-wide protocol for elective and nonelective coronary angioplasty at sites without on-site surgery: the Mayo Clinic experience. Mayo Clin Proc 2009;84:501-8.
39. Pride YB, Gibson CM. Percutaneous coronary interventions in facilities without cardiac surgery on site. Curr Cardiol Rep 2011;13:432-8.
40. Pride YB, Canto JG, Frederick PD, Gibson CM. Outcomes among patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction presenting to interventional hospitals with and without on-site cardiac surgery. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2009;2: 944-52.
41. Idem. Outcomes among patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction presenting to interventional hospitals with and without on-site cardiac surgery. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2009;2: 574-82.
42. Hannan EL, Zhong Y, Racz M, et al. Outcomes for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in hospitals with and without onsite coronary artery bypass graft surgery: the New York State experience. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2009;2:519- 27.
43. Srinivas VS, Hailpern SM, Koss E, Monrad ES, Alderman MH. Effect of physician volume on the relationship between hospital volume and mortality during primary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:574-9.
44. Carey JS, Parker JP, Brandeau C, Li Z. The "occasional open heart surgeon" revisited. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 135:1254-60. (Pubitemid 351787653)
45. Yeh RW, Sidney S, Chandra M, Sorel M, Selby JV, Go AS. Population trends in the incidence and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:2155-65.
46. Roger VL, Weston SA, Gerber Y, et al. Trends in incidence, severity, and outcome of hospitalized myocardial infarction. Circulation 2010;121:863-9.
47. Dehmer GJ, Gantt DS. Coronary intervention at hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery: are we pushing the envelope too far? J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:343-5. (Pubitemid 38167691)
48. Singh M. The predicament of offering elective percutaneous coronary intervention at sites without on-site cardiac surgery. Am Heart J 2006;152:810-1. (Pubitemid 44632953)
49. Wu C, Hannan EL, Walford G, et al. A risk score to predict in-hospital mortality for percutaneous coronary interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:654-60. (Pubitemid 43170859)
50. O'Connor GT, Malenka DJ, Quinton H, et al. Multivariate prediction of in-hospital mortality after percutaneous coronary interventions in 1994-1996. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:681-91. (Pubitemid 29436172)
51. Shaw RE, Anderson HV, Brindis RG, et al. Development of a risk adjustment mortality model using the American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry (ACC-NCDR) experience: 1998-2000. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39: 1104-12. (Pubitemid 34267411)
52. Holmes DR, Selzer F, Johnston JM, et al. Modeling and risk prediction in the current era of interventional cardiology: a report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry. Circulation 2003;107:1871-6. (Pubitemid 36444127)
53. Singh M, Gersh BJ, Li S, et al. Mayo Clinic Risk Score for percutaneous coronary intervention predicts in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Circulation 2008;117:356-62.
54. Ellis SG. Coronary lesions at increased risk. Am Heart J 1995;130:643-6.
55. Shubrooks SJ Jr, Nesto RW, Leeman D, et al. Urgent coronary bypass surgery for failed percutaneous coronary intervention in the stent era: is backup still necessary? Am Heart J 2001;142:190-6. (Pubitemid 32595393)
56. Krone RJ, Laskey WK, Johnson C, et al. A simplified lesion classification for predicting success and complications of coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 2000; 85:1179-84. (Pubitemid 30232810)
57. Zavala-Alarcon E, Cecena F, Ashar R, Patel R, Van Poppel S, Carlson R. Safety of elective - including "high risk" - percutaneous coronary interventions without on-site cardiac surgery. Am Heart J 2004; 148:676-83. (Pubitemid 39359167)
58. Djelmami-Hani M, Mouanoutoua M, Hashim A, et al. Elective percutaneous coronary intervention without on-site surgical backup: a community hospital experience. WMJ 2007;106:481-5.
59. Frutkin AD, Mehta SK, Patel T, et al. Outcomes of 1,090 consecutive, elective, nonselected percutaneous coronary interventions at a community hospital without onsite cardiac surgery. Am J Cardiol 2008;101:53-7. (Pubitemid 350297199)
60. Roussanov O, Estacio G, Capuno M, Archuleta L, Hill J, Jarmukli NF. None-mergent percutaneous coronary interventions in a Veterans Affairs medical center without onsite cardiac surgery. Am Heart J 2006;152:909-13. (Pubitemid 44632937)
61. Paraschos A, Callwood D, Wightman MB, et al. Outcomes following elective percutaneous coronary intervention without on-site surgical backup in a community hospital. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:1091-3. (Pubitemid 40544316)
62. Singh M, Holmes DR Jr, Dehmer GJ, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention at centers with and without on-site surgery: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2011;306:2487-94.
63. Egger M, Smith G, Altman D. Systematic reviews in health care: meta-analysis in context. 2nd ed. London: BMJ Publishing, 2001.
64. Peters JL, Sutton AJ, Jones DR, Abrams KR, Rushton L. Performance of the trim and fill method in the presence of publication bias and between-study heterogeneity. Stat Med 2007;26:4544-62. (Pubitemid 350020393)
65. Aversano T, Lemmon CC, Liu L. Outcomes of PCI at hospitals with or without on-site cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:1792-802.
66. Mauri L, Normand SL, Pencina M, et al. Rationale and design of the MASS COMM trial: a randomized trial to compare percutaneous coronary intervention between MASSachusetts hospitals with cardiac surgery on-site and COMMunity hospitals without cardiac surgery on-site. Am Heart J 2011;162:826-31.
67. Hannan EL, Wu C, Walford G, et al. Volume-outcome relationships for percutaneous coronary interventions in the stent era. Circulation 2005;112:1171-9. (Pubitemid 41216124)
68. McGrath PD, Wennberg DE, Dickens JD Jr, et al. Relation between operator and hospital volume and outcomes following percutaneous coronary interventions in the era of the coronary stent. JAMA 2000; 284:3139-44. (Pubitemid 32039076)
69. Magid DJ, Calonge BN, Rumsfeld JS, et al. Relation between hospital primary angioplasty volume and mortality for patients with acute MI treated with primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy. JAMA 2000;284:3131-8. (Pubitemid 32039075)
70. O'Neill WW. A case against low-volume percutaneous coronary intervention centers. Circulation 2009;120:546-8.
71. Chan PS, Patel MR, Klein LW, et al. Appropriateness of percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 2011;306:53-61.
72. Ryan TJ. Percutaneous coronary interventions without on-site cardiac surgery: a stretch for much-needed evidence. Am Heart J 2003;145:214-6. (Pubitemid 36207940)
73. Long KH, McMurtry EK, Lennon RJ, et al. Elective percutaneous coronary in- tervention without on-site cardiac surgery: clinical and economic implications. Med Care 2006;44:406-13. (Pubitemid 43755419)
74. Dehmer GJ. Percutaneous coronary intervention without onsite surgical back-up. Curr Cardiol Rep 2008;10:407-14.
75. Carlsson J, James SN, Ståhle E, Höfer S, Lagerqvist B. Outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention in hospitals with and without on-site cardiac surgery standby. Heart 2007;93:335-8. (Pubitemid 46579524)
76. Baduini G, Belli R, de Benedictis M, et al. Coronary angioplasty in an Italian hospital without on-site cardiac surgery: the results and outlook. G Ital Cardiol 1994; 24:1529-36. (In Italian.)
77. Ribichini F. Experiences with primary angioplasty without on site-cardiac surgery. Semin Interv Cardiol 1999;4:47-53.
78. Varbella F, Giammaria M, Belli R, et al. Initial experience in the management of myocardial infarction with primary angioplasty: results of the activity in two hospitals of the Turin area without on-site cardiac surgery. Ital Heart J Suppl 2004; 5:847-54. (In Italian.)
79. Akdemir R, Ozhan H, Erbilen E, et al. Primary angioplasty without on-site surgical back-up: the first experience with mobile catheterization facility. J Invasive Cardiol 2004;16:645-8. (Pubitemid 39534405)
80. Carrillo P, López-Palop R, Pinar E, et al. Treatment of acute myocardial infarction by primary angioplasty on-site compared with treatment following hospital transfer: short- and long-time clinical outcomes. Rev Esp Cardiol 2007;60:801- 10. (In Spanish.)
81. Gunalingam B, Wilkes N, Hill A, Wang D. Percutaneous coronary interventions without on-site cardiac surgery: a remote Australian experience. Heart Lung Circ 2008;17:388-94.
82. Cheong YM, Dick R, Sia B, Lim YL. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) without on-site surgical facilities. Aust N Z J Med 1998;28:165-71. (Pubitemid 28218847)
83. Hayat NJ, Varghese K, Salman H, Elghoul S, Abraham MT. Angioplasty in the stent era: results of a consecutive series of patients undergoing coronary angioplasty without surgical backup. Int J Cardiol 1998;64:241-6. (Pubitemid 28277450)
84. Dudek D, Rakowski T, Zmudka K, et al. Primary percutaneous coronary interventions in acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation: experience in a heart catheterization unit without surgical backup. Przegl Lek 2004;61:1-4. (In Polish.)
85. Dudek D, Rakowski T, Legutko J, et al. Efficacy and safety of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome in catheterisation laboratory without on-site surgical back-up. Kardiol Pol 2003;58:356-65.
86. Escárcega RO, Pérez-Alva JC, Jiménez- Hernandez M, et al. Transradial percutaneous coronary intervention without onsite cardiac surgery for stable coronary disease and myocardial infarction: preliminary report and initial experience in 174 patients. Isr Med Assoc J 2010;12:592- 7.
87. Turgeman Y, Atar S, Suleiman K, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic percutaneous cardiac interventions without on-site surgical backup - review of 11 years experience. Isr Med Assoc J 2003;5:89-93. (Pubitemid 36372177)
88. Klinke WP, Hui W. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty without on-site surgical facilities. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:1520-5. (Pubitemid 23006062)
89. Lemkes JS, Peels JO, Huybregts R, de Swart H, Hautvast R, Umans VA. Emergency cardiac surgery after a failed percutaneous coronary intervention in an interventional centre without on-site cardiac surgery. Neth Heart J 2007;15:173-7. (Pubitemid 47253673)
90. Peels HO, de Swart H, Ploeg TV, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention with off-site cardiac surgery backup for acute myocardial infarction as a strategy to reduce door-to-balloon time. Am J Cardiol 2007;100:1353-8. (Pubitemid 47576011)
91. Peels JO, Hautvast RW, de Swart JB, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention without on site surgical back-up: two-years registry of a large Dutch community hospital. Int J Cardiol 2009;132:59-65.
92. Melberg T, Nordrehaug JE, Nilsen DW. A comparison of the health status after percutaneous coronary intervention at a hospital with and without on-site cardiac surgical backup: a randomized trial in nonemergent patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2010;17:235-43.
93. Melberg T, Nilsen DW, Larsen AI, et al. Nonemergent coronary angioplasty without on-site surgical backup: a randomized study evaluating outcomes in low-risk patients. Am Heart J 2006;152: 888-95. (Pubitemid 44632952)
94. Voith L, Vecsey T, Major L, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention without on-site cardiac surgery: the first one thousand patients. Orv Hetil 2005;146:1615-9. (In Hungarian.) (Pubitemid 46141528)
95. Ong SH, Lim VY, Chang BC, et al. Three-year experience of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a hospital without on-site cardiac surgery. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2009; 38:1085-9.
96. Pereira H, da Silva PC, Gonçalves L, José B. Elective and primary angioplasty at hospitals without on-site surgery versus with on-site surgery: results from a national registry. Rev Port Cardiol 2008; 27:769-82.
97. Shiraishi J, Kohno Y, Sawada T, et al. In-hospital outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary interventions performed at hospitals with and without on-site coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Circ J 2007;71:1208-12. (Pubitemid 47195334)
98. Sørensen LL, Kjøller-Hansen L, Jensen GV, Poulsen B, Fisker D, Carstensen S. Percutaneous coronary intervention without onsite cardiac surgery. Dan Med Bull 2010;57:A4202.
99. Tebbe U, Hochadel M, Bramlage P, et al. In-hospital outcomes after elective and non-elective percutaneous coronary interventions in hospitals with and without on-site cardiac surgery backup. Clin Res Cardiol 2009;98:701-7.
100. Zahn R, Schiele R, Seidl K, et al. Primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction: differences between referred patients and those treated in hospitals with on-site facilities? J Invasive Cardiol 1999; 11:213-9.
101. Wijns W, Kolh P, Danchin N, et al. Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J 2010;31:2501-55.
102. de Belder MA. On-site surgical standby for percutaneous coronary intervention: a thing of the past? Heart 2007; 93:281-3.
103. Brown DC, Mogelson S, Harris R, Kemp D, Massey M. Percutaneous coronary interventions in a rural hospital without surgical backup: report of one year of experience. Clin Cardiol 2006;29: 337-40. (Pubitemid 44267051)
104. Buckley JW, Bates ER, Nallamothu BK. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention expansion to hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery in Michigan: a geographic information systems analysis. Am Heart J 2008;155:668-72.
105. Nallamothu BK, Bates ER, Wang Y, Bradley EH, Krumholz HM. Driving times and distances to hospitals with percutaneous coronary intervention in the United States: implications for prehospital triage of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation 2006;113:1189-95.
106. Dehmer GJ, Kutcher MA. ST-segment- elevation myocardial infarction treated at hospitals with and without onsite cardiac surgery. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2009;2:497-9.