Li-bearing tourmalines in Variscan granitic pegmatites from the Moldanubian nappes, Lower Austria

European Journal of Mineralogy

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 695-715

  Ertl, Andreas ^a   Schuster, Ralf ^b   Hughes, John M ^c   Ludwig, Thomas ^d   Meyer, Hans Peter ^d   Finger, Friedrich ^e   Dyar, M Darby ^f   Ruschel, Katja ^a   Rossman, George R ^g   Klötzli, Urs ^a   Brandstätter, Franz ^h   Lengauer, Christian L ^a   Tillmanns, Ekkehart ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^b ZAMG Zentralanstalt fuer Meteorologie und Geodynamik   (Austria)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

^d Institut für Geowissenschaften   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SALZBURG   (Austria)

^f MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE   (United States)

^g CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^h NATURHISTORISCHES MUSEUM WIEN   (Austria)

Author keywords

Chemical analyses; Crystal structure; Geochronology; Granitic pegmatite; Li bearing tourmaline; Moldanubian nappes

Indexed keywords

BINARY ALLOYS; BOND LENGTH; CALCIUM COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; FELDSPAR; GARNETS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GRANITE; LEAD ALLOYS; LEAD METALLOGRAPHY; MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS; MANGANESE OXIDE; MICA; MOLYBDENUM METALLOGRAPHY; MONAZITE; NEODYMIUM ALLOYS; OXIDE MINERALS; PHOSPHATE MINERALS; SAMARIUM ALLOYS; SILICON; SODIUM COMPOUNDS; TERNARY ALLOYS; THORIUM ALLOYS; THORIUM METALLOGRAPHY; TITANIUM DIOXIDE; URANIUM ALLOYS; URANIUM METALLOGRAPHY; ZIRCON;

CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS; COEXISTING MINERALS; GRANITIC PEGMATITE; INDUCTIVE EFFECTS; MOLDANUBIAN; POSITIVE CORRELATIONS; SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS; SSBAUER SPECTROSCOPIES;

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE;

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; FOITITE; GARNET; GEOCHRONOLOGY; HERCYNIAN OROGENY; IGNEOUS INTRUSION; LITHIUM; METAMORPHISM; MONAZITE; NAPPE; OLENITE; PEGMATITE; PLUTON; TOURMALINE;

AUSTRIA; LOWER AUSTRIA;

EID: 84860645645     PISSN: 09351221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1127/0935-1221/2012/0024-2203     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Bloodaxe, E.S., Hughes, J.M., Dyar, M.D., Grew, E.S., Guidotti, C.V. (1999): Linking structure and chemistry in the Schorl-Dravite series. Am. Mineral., 84, 922-928. (Pubitemid 29497016)
2. Bosi, F. (2011): Stereochemical constraints in tourmaline: from a short-range to a long-range structure. Can. Mineral., 49, 17-27.
3. Bosi, F. & Lucchesi, S. (2004): Crystal chemistry of the schorldravite series. Eur. J. Mineral., 16, 335-344.
4. -, (2007): Crystal chemical relationships in the tourmaline group: structural constraints on chemical variability. Am. Mineral., 92, 1054-1063. (Pubitemid 47162954)
5. Bosi, F., Agrosì, G., Lucchesi, S., Melchiorre, G., Scandale, E. (2005a): Mn-tourmaline from island of Elba (Italy): crystal chemistry. Am. Mineral., 90, 1661-1668. (Pubitemid 41555958)
6. Bosi, F., Andreozzi, G.B., Federico, M., Graziani, G., Lucchesi, S. (2005b): Crystal chemistry of the elbaite-schorl series. Am. Mineral., 90, 1784-1792. (Pubitemid 43085557)
7. Burns, P.C., MacDonald, D.J., Hawthorne, F.C. (1994): The crystal chemistry of manganese-bearing elbaite. Can. Mineral., 32, 31-41. (Pubitemid 24427379)
8. Carswell, D.A. (1991): Variscan high P-T metamorphism and uplift history in the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif in Lower Austria. Eur. J. Mineral., 3, 323-342.
9. Carswell, D.A. & O'Brien, P.J. (1991): High pressure granulites in the Moldanubian Zone, Lower Austria. Terra Abstr., 3, 93.
10. -, (1993): Thermobarometry and Geotectonic significance of High-Pressure Granulite examples from the Moldanubian Zone of the BohemianMassif in Lower Austria. J. Petrol., 34, 427-459. (Pubitemid 23393728)
11. Cempiŕek, J. & Novák, M. (2007): Abyssal pegmatites in Moldanubicum of the Bohemian Massif. Granitic Pegmatites: The State of the Art - International Symposium, 6th-12th May 2007, Porto, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Ciencias, Portugal. Memoŕias, 8, 34-35.
12. Cempiŕek, J., Novák, M., Ertl, A., Hughes, J.M., Rossman, G.R., Dyar, M.D. (2006): Fe-bearing olenite with tetrahedrally coordinated Al from an abyssal pegmatite of the Bohemian massif at Kutná Hora: structure, crystal chemistry, and optical spectra. Can. Mineral., 44, 23-30. (Pubitemid 43827099)
13. Dallmeyer, R.D., Neubauer, F., Höck, V. (1992): Chronology of late Paleozoic tectonothermal activity in the southeastern Bohemian Massif, Austria (Moldanubian and Moravo-Silesian zones): 40Ar/39Ar mineral age controls. Tectonophysics, 210, 135-153. (Pubitemid 23384425)
14. Dyar, M.D., Taylor, M.E., Lutz, T.M., Francis, C.A., Robertson, J.D., Cross, L.M., Guidotti, C.V., Wise, M. (1998): Inclusive chemical characterization of tourmaline: Mössbauer study of Fe valence and site occupancy. Am. Mineral., 83, 848-864. (Pubitemid 28519551)
15. Ertl, A. (1995): Elbait, Olenit, Dravit-Buergerit-Mischkristalle, Dravit, Uvit und ein neuer Al-Turmalin (?) von österreichischen Fundstellen. Mitt. Österr. Miner. Ges., 140, 55-72.
16. Ertl, A., Hughes, J.M., Prowatke, S., Rossman, G.R., London, D., Fritz, E.A. (2003a): Mn-rich tourmaline from Austria: structure, chemistry, optical spectra, and relations to synthetic solid solutions. Am. Mineral., 88, 1369-1376. (Pubitemid 37190100)
17. Ertl, A., Hughes, J.M., Brandstätter, F., Dyar, M.D., Prasad, P.S.R. (2003b): Disordered Mg-bearing olenite from a granitic pegmatite from Goslarn, Austria: a chemical, structural, and infrared spectroscopic study. Can. Mineral., 41, 1363-1370. (Pubitemid 38473732)
18. Ertl, A., Pertlik, F., Dyar, M.D., Prowatke, S., Hughes, J.M., Ludwig, T., Bernhardt, H.-J. (2004a): Fe-rich olenite with tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+ from Eibenstein, Austria: structural, chemical, and Mössbauer data. Can. Mineral., 42, 1057-1063. (Pubitemid 39470970)
19. Ertl, A., Schuster, R., Prowatke, S., Brandstätter, F., Ludwig, T., Bernhardt, H.-J., Koller, F., Hughes, J.M. (2004b): Mn-rich tourmaline and fluorapatite in a Variscan pegmatite from Eibenstein an der Thaya, Bohemian massif, Lower Austria. Eur. J. Mineral., 16, 551-560. (Pubitemid 38790782)
20. Ertl, A., Rossman, G.R., Hughes, J.M., Prowatke, S., Ludwig, T. (2005): Mn-bearing "oxy-rossmanite" with tetrahedrally-coordinated Al and B from Austria: structure, chemistry, and infrared and optical spectroscopic study. Am. Mineral., 90, 481-487. (Pubitemid 40367818)
21. Ertl, A., Hughes, J.M., Prowatke, S., Ludwig, T., Prasad, P.S.R., Brandstätter, F., Körner, W., Schuster, R., Pertlik, F., Marschall, H. (2006): Tetrahedrally-coordinated boron in tourmalines from the liddicoatite-elbaite series from Madagascar: structure, chemistry, and infrared spectroscopic studies. Am. Mineral., 91, 1847-1856. (Pubitemid 44867014)
22. Ertl, A., Hughes, J.M., Prowatke, S., Ludwig, T., Brandstätter, F., Körner, W., Dyar, M.D. (2007): Tetrahedrally-coordinated boron in Li-bearing olenite from "mushroom" tourmaline from Momeik, Myanmar. Can. Mineral., 45, 891-899. (Pubitemid 350031228)
23. Ertl, A., Tillmanns, E., Ntaflos, T., Francis, C., Giester, G., Körner, W., Hughes, J.M., Lengauer, C., Prem, M. (2008a): Tetrahedrally coordinated boron in Al-rich tourmaline and its relationship to the pressure-temperature conditions of formation. Eur. J. Mineral., 20, 881-888.
24. Ertl, A., Rossman, G.R., Hughes, J.M., Ma, C., Brandstätter, F. (2008b): V3+-bearing, Mg-rich, strongly disordered olenite from a graphite deposit near Amstall, Lower Austria: A structural, chemical and spectroscopic investigation. N. Jb. Mineral. Abh., 184, 243-253.
25. Ertl, A., Kolitsch, U., Meyer, H.-P., Ludwig, T., Lengauer, C.L., Nasdala, L., Tillmanns, E. (2009): Substitution mechanism in tourmalines of the "fluor-elbaite"-rossmanite series from Wolkenburg, Saxony, Germany. N. Jb.Mineral. Abh., 186, 51-61.
26. Ertl, A., Mali, H., Schuster, R., Körner, W., Hughes, J.M., Brandstätter, F., Tillmanns, E. (2010a): Li-bearing, disordered Mg-rich tourmalines from the pegmatite-marble contact from the Austroalpine basement units (Styria, Austria). Mineral. Petrol., 99, 89-104.
27. Ertl, A., Marschall, H.R., Giester, G., Henry, D.J., Schertl, H.-P., Ntaflos, T., Luvizotto, G.L., Nasdala, L., Tillmanns, E. (2010b): Metamorphic ultra high-pressure tourmalines: structure, chemistry, and correlations to PT conditions. Am. Mineral., 95, 1-10.
28. Ertl, A., Rossman, G.R., Hughes, J.M., London, D., Wang, Y., O'Leary, J.A., Dyar, M.D., Prowatke, S., Ludwig, T., Tillmanns, E. (2010c): Tourmaline of the elbaite-schorl series from the Himalaya Mine, Mesa Grande, California, U.S.A.: a detailed investigation. Am. Mineral., 95, 24-40.
29. Finger, F., Gerdes, A., Janoušek, V., René, M., Riegler, G. (2007): Resolving the Variscan evolution of the Moldanubian sector of the Bohemian Massif: the significance of the Bavarian and the Moravo- Moldanubian tectonometamorphic phases. J. Geosci., 52, 9-28. (Pubitemid 350161534)
30. Fischer, R.X. & Tillmanns, E. (1988): The equivalent isotropic displacement factor. Acta Cryst. C, 44, 775-776.
31. Foit, Jr., F.F. & Rosenberg, P.E. (1974): Coupled substitutions in the tourmaline group. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 62, 109-127.
32. Fortier, S. & Donnay, G. (1975): Schorl refinement showing composition dependence of the tourmaline structure. Can. Mineral., 13, 173-177.
33. Frank, W., Hammer, St., Popp, F., Scharbert, S., Thöni, M. (1990): Isotopengeologische Neuergebnisse zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Böhmischen Masse: Proterozoische Gesteinsserien und Variszische Hauptorogenese. Österr. Beitr. Met. Geoph., 3, 185-228.
34. Frank, W. & Scharbert, S. (1993): K/Ar und 40Ar/39Ar-Daten von Glimmern der Böhmischen Masse, Projekt S4702. Mitt. Österr. Miner. Ges., 138, 119-122.
35. Friedl, G., von Quadt, A., Ochsner, A., Finger, F. (1993): Timing of the Variscan orogeny in the Southern Bohemian Massif (NE Austria) deduce from new U-Pb monazite and zircon dating. Terra Abs., 1, 235.
36. Fuchs, G. & Matura, A. (1976): Zur Geologie des Kristallins der Böhmischen Masse. Jb. Geol. B.-A., 119, 1-43.
37. Grice, J.D. & Ercit, T.S. (1993): Ordering of Fe and Mg in the tourmaline crystal structure: the correct formula. N. Jb. Mineral. Abh., 165, 245-266.
38. Hawthorne, F.C., MacDonald, D.J., Burns, P.C. (1993): Reassignment of cation site-occupancies in tourmaline: Al-Mg disorder in the crystal structure of dravite. Am. Mineral., 78, 265-270. (Pubitemid 23391706)
39. Hawthorne, F.C., Selway, J.B., Kato, A., Matsubara, S., Shimizu, M., Grice, J.D., Vajdak, J. (1999): Magnesiofoitite, & (Mg2Al) Al6 (Si6O18) (BO3)3 (OH)4, a new alkali-deficient tourmaline. Can. Mineral., 37, 1439-1443.
40. Hehenberger, R. (1996): Vergleichende mineralogische Untersuchungen an granatführenden Pegmatiten (Almandin- Spessartin-Mischkristalle) im südl. Moldanubikum, NÖ. Master thesis, Univ. Wien, 207 p.
41. Henry, D.J. & Dutrow, B.L. (1996): Metamorphic tourmaline and its petrologic applications. in "Boron: Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry", E.S. Grew & L.M. Anovitz, eds., Rev. Mineral. Geochem., 33, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, VA, 503-557. (Pubitemid 126828348)
42. -, (2011): The incorporation of fluorine in tourmaline: internal crystallographic controls or external environmental influences? Can. Mineral., 49, 41-56.
43. Henry, D.J., Novák, M., Hawthorne, F.C., Ertl, A., Dutrow, B.L., Uher, P., Pezzotta, F. (2011): Nomenclature of the tourmalinesupergroup minerals. Am. Mineral., 96, 895-913.
44. Himmelbauer, A. (1929): Vorlage neuer Mineralvorkommen aus Niederösterreich und dem Burgenland. Mitt. Wiener Min. Ges., 92, 5-7. In: Tscherm. Min. Petr. Mitt., N. F. 19.
45. Holub, F.V. (1997): Ultrapotassic plutonic rocks of the Durbachite Series in the Bohemian Massif; petrology, geochemistry and petrogenetic interpretation. Sbor. Geol. Ved, Lozisk. Geol. Mineral., 31, 5-26.
46. Huber, P. & Huber, S. (1977): Mineralfundstellen in Oberösterreich, Niederösterreich und Burgenland. Christian Weise Verlag, München, 270 p.
47. Hughes, J.M., Ertl, A., Dyar, M.D., Grew, E.S., Shearer, C.K., Yates, M.G., Guidotti, C.V. (2000): Tetrahedrally coordinated boron in a tourmaline: boron-rich olenite from Stoffhütte, Koralpe, Austria. Can. Mineral., 38, 861-868.
48. Janoušek, V., Holub, F.V., Gerdes, A. (2003): K-rich magmatism in the Moldanubian Unit, Bohemian Massif - a complex story featuring variably enriched lithospheric mantle melts and their interaction with the crust. Geolines, 16, 48-49.
49. Kappelmüller, H. (1994): Mineralfundstellen in Niederö sterreich. Bode Verlag, Haltern, 72 p.
50. Klö tzli, U., Frank, W., Scharbert, S., Thöni, M. (1999): Evolution of the SE Bohemian Massif based on geochronological data - a review. Jb. Geol. B.-A., 141, 377-394.
51. Klötzli, U., Klötzli, E., Günes, Z., Košler, J. (2009): External accuracy of laser ablation U-Pb zircon dating: results from a test using five different reference zircons. Geostand. Geoanal. Res., 33, 1, 5-15.
52. Knobloch, G. (1982): Roter Turmalin aus dem Waldviertel. Lapis, 7, 12, 34.
53. Kontrus, K. & Niedermayr, G. (1969): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich, 1962-1968. Tscherm. Min. Petr. Mitt., 3. Folge, 13, 355-359.
54. Koller, F. (1974): Einige neue Mineralfunde im Waldviertel. Mitt. Österr. Min. Ges., 124, 14-16.
55. Krenn, E., Ustaszewski, K., Finger, F. (2008): Detrital and newly formed metamorphic monazite in amphibolite-facies metapelites from the Motajica Massif, Bosnia. Chem. Geol., 254, 164-174.
56. Kroner, U., Mansky, J.-L., Mazur, S., Aleksandrowski, P., Hann, H.P., Huckride, H., Lacquement, F., Lamarche, J., Ledru, P., Pharaoh, T.C., Zedler, H., Zeh, A., Zulauf, G. (2008): Variscan tectonics. in "The Geology of Central Europe. Volume 1: Precambrian and Palaeozoic", T. McCann, ed., Geological Society, London, 599-664.
57. Linner, M. (2007): Das Bavarikum - eine tektonische Einheit im südwestlichen Moldanubikum (Böhmische Masse). Arbeitstagung Geol. B.-A., 2007, 173-176.
58. Long, G.J., Cranshaw, T.E., Longworth, G. (1983): The ideal Mössbauer effect absorber thickness. Mössbauer Effect Ref. Data J., 6, 42-49.
59. Ludwig, K.R. (2003): Isoplot/Ex Version 3.0. A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronological Centre Special Publication, Berkeley, 70 p.
60. Lussier, A.J., Aguiar, P.M., Michaelis, V.K., Kroeker, S., Herwig, S., Abdu, Y., Hawthorne, F.C. (2008): Mushroom elbaite from the Kat Chay mine, Momeik, near Mogok, Myanmar: I. Crystal chemistry by SREF, EMPA, MAS NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Mineral. Mag., 72, 747-761.
61. Lussier, A.J., Abdu, Y., Hawthorne, F.C., Michaelis, V.K., Aguiar, P.M., Kroeker, S. (2011a): Oscillatory zoned liddicoatite from Anjanabonoina, central Madagascar. I. Crystal chemistry and structure by SREF and 11B and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. Can. Mineral., 49, 63-88.
62. Lussier, A.J., Hawthorne, F.C., Abdu, Y., Herwig, S., Michaelis, V.K., Aguiar, P.M., Kroeker, S. (2011b): The crystal chemistry of 'wheatsheaf' tourmaline from Mogok, Myanmar. Mineral. Mag., 75, 65-86.
63. Martin, R.F. & De Vito, C. (2005): The patterns of enrichment in felsic pegmatites ultimately depend on tectonic setting. Can. Mineral., 43, 2027-2048.
64. Mattson, S.M. & Rossman, G.R. (1987): Fe2+-Fe3+ interactions in tourmaline. Phys. Chem. Minerals, 14, 163-171.
65. -, (1988): Fe2+-Ti4+ charge transfer absorption in stoichiometric Fe,Ti minerals. Phys. Chem. Minerals, 16, 78-82.
66. Matura, A. (2003): Zur tektonischen Gliederung der variszischen Metamorphite im Waldviertel Niederösterreichs. Jb. Geol. B.-A., 143, 221-225.
67. Medaris, L.G., Wang, H.F., Mi'sar, Z., Jeli'nek, E. (1990): Thermobarometry, diffusion modeling and cooling rates of crustal garnet peridotites: two examples from the Moldanubian zone of the Bohemian Massif. Lithos, 25, 189-202.
68. Meixner, H. (1965): Xenotim-Kristalle von Königsalm a.d. Krems bei Senftenberg, NÖ. Carinthia II, 155, 75, 75-77.
69. Meixner, H. (1981): Fast farbloser bis bläulicher Turmalinasbest von der Königsalm/NÖ. Carinthia II, 171/91. 51.
70. Montel, J.M., Foret, S., Veschambre, M., Nicollet, C., Provost, A. (1996): Electron microprobe dating of monazite. Chem. Geol., 131, 37-53.
71. Niedermayr, G. (1969): Der Pegmatit der Königsalm, Niederösterreich. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 73, 49-54.
72. Neubauer, F. & Handler, R. (2000): Varican orogeny in the Eastern Alps and Bohemian Massif: how do these units correlate. Mitt. Österr. Geol. Ges., 92, 35-59.
73. Novák, M. & Povondra, P. (1995): Elbaite pegmatites in the Moldanubicum: a new subtype of the rare-element class. Mineral. Petrol., 55, 159-176.
74. Novák, M., Černý, P., Kimbrough, D.L., Taylor, M.C., Ercit, T.S. (1998): U-Pb Ages of monazite from granitic pegmatits in the Moldanubian Zone and their geological implications. Acta Univ. Carol., Vol. conf. POCEEL Praha, 42, 309-310.
75. Novák, M., Selway, J.B., Černý, P., Hawthorne, F.C., Ottolini, L. (1999): Tourmaline of the elbaite-dravite series from an elbaitesubtype pegmatite at Blizná, southern Bohemia, Czech Republic. Eur. J. Mineral., 11, 557-568. (Pubitemid 29427479)
76. Novák, M., Povondra, P., Selway, J. (2004): Schorl-oxy-schorl to dravite-oxy-dravite tourmaline from granitic pegmatites; examples from the Moldanubicum, Czech Republic. Eur. J. Mineral., 16, 323-333. (Pubitemid 38572603)
77. Petrakakis, K. (1997): Evolution of Moldanubian rocks in Austria. J. Metamorphic. Geol., 15, 203-223.
78. Petrakakis, K., Klö tzli, U., Richter, W. (1999): Excursion to the Austrian part of Moldanubia. Beih. z. Eur. J. Mineral., 11, 61-90.
79. Prince, C., Košler, J., Vance, D., Günther, D. (2000): Comparison of laser ablation ICP-MS and isotope dilution REE analyses - implications for Sm-Nd garnet geochronology. Chem. Geol., 168, 255-274. (Pubitemid 30439943)
80. Prowatke, S., Ertl, A., Hughes, J.M. (2003): Tetrahedrally-coordinated Al in Mn-rich, Li- and Fe-bearing olenite from Eibenstein an der Thaya, Lower Austria: a chemical and structural investigation. N. Jb. Mineral. Mh., 2003, 385-395.
81. Reinitz, I.M. & Rossman, G.R. (1988): The role of natural radiation in tourmaline coloration. Am. Mineral., 73, 822-825.
82. Schreyer, W., Hughes, J.M., Bernhardt, H.-J., Kalt, A., Prowatke, S., Ertl, A. (2002): Reexamination of olenite from the type locality: detection of boron in tetrahedral coordination. Eur. J. Mineral., 14, 935-942.
83. Selway, J.B., Hawthorne, F.C., Černý, P., Ottolini, L., Novák, M., Kyser, T.K. (1998): Rossmanite, &(LiAl2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3 (OH)4, a new alkali-deficient tourmaline: description and crystal structure. Am. Mineral., 83, 896-900.
84. Selway, J.B., Novák, M., Černý, P., Hawthorne, F.C. (1999): Compositional evolution of tourmaline in lepidolite-subtype pegmatites. Eur. J. Mineral., 11, 569-584. (Pubitemid 29432181)
85. Sigmund, A. (1937): Die Minerale Niederösterreichs. 2nd ed., F. Deuticke, Wien und Leipzig, 247 p.
86. Simmons, W.B. & Webber, K.L. (2008): Pegmatite genesis: state of the art. Eur. J. Mineral., 20, 421-438.
87. Sláma, J., Košler, J., Condon, D.J., Crowley, J.L., Gerdes, A., Hanchar, J.M., Horstwood, M.S.A., Morris, G.A., Nasdala, L., Norberg, N., Schaltegger, U., Schoene, B., Tubrett, M.N., Whitehouse, M.J. (2008): Plešovice zircon - A new natural reference material for U-Pb and Hf isotopic microanalysis. Chem. Geol., 249, 1-35.
88. Smith, G. (1977): Low-temperature optical studies of metal-metal charge-transfer transitions in various minerals. Can. Mineral., 15, 500-507.
89. Sölva, H., Grasemann, B., Thöni, H., Thiede, R., Habler, G. (2005): The Schneeberg Normal Fault Zone : Normal faulting associated with Cretaceous SE-directed extrusion in the Eastern alps (Italy/Austria). Technophysics, 401, 143-166. (Pubitemid 40801081)
90. Suzuki, K., Adachi, M., Tanaka, T. (1991): Middle Precambrian provenance of Jurassic sandstone in the Mino Terrane, central Japan: Th-U-total Pb evidence from an electron microprobe monazite study. Sediment. Geol., 75, 141-147.
91. Svojtka, M., Košler, J., Venera, Z. (2002): Dating granulite-facies structures and the exhumation of lower crust in the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif. Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol. Rundsch.), 91, 373-385. (Pubitemid 34657777)
92. Thomson, J.A. (2006): A rare garnet-tourmaline-sillimanite- biotiteilmenite- quartz assemblage from the granulite facies of southcentral Massachusetts. Am. Mineral., 91, 1730-1738.
93. Tropper, P., Deibl, I., Finger, F., Kaindl, R. (2006): P-T-t evolution of spinel-cordierite-garnet gneisses from the Sauwald Zone (Southern Bohemian Massif, Upper Austria): is there evidence for two independent late-Variscan low-P/high-T events in the Moldanubian Unit? Int. J. Earth Sci., 95, 1019-1037. (Pubitemid 44768405)
94. Wivel, C. & Mørup, S. (1981): Improved computational procedure for evaluation of overlapping hyperfine parameter distributions in Mössbauer spectra. J. Phys. E: Sci. Instr., 14, 605-610. (Pubitemid 12471128)