On conversion coating treatments to replace chromating for Al alloys: Recent developments and possible future directions

Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals

Volumn 53, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 176-203

  Kulinich, S A ^a,b   Akhtar, A S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b OSAKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

aluminium alloys; anticorrosive protection; chromate free coatings; conversion coatings; surface microstructure

Indexed keywords

AL ALLOYS; ANODISATION; ANODISING; ANTICORROSIVE PROTECTION; CHROMATE CONVERSION COATINGS; CHROMATE-FREE COATING; CHROMATING; CHROMIC ACID; CONVERSION COATINGS; POSSIBLE FUTURES; PRE-TREATMENTS; PROTECTION LAYERS; SURFACE MICROSTRUCTURES;

ALUMINUM; ALUMINUM ALLOYS; CHROMATES; CORROSION PROTECTION; CORROSION RESISTANCE; INORGANIC COATINGS;

CHROMATE COATINGS;

ALLOY; ALUMINUM; CHROMATE; COATING; CORROSION CONTROL; MICROSTRUCTURE;

EID: 84860627271     PISSN: 10678212     EISSN: 1934970X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3103/S1067821212020071     Document Type: Review

References (227)

1. Smith, C. J. E., Baldwin, K. R., Garrett, S. A., Gibson, M. C. M., Hewins, A. H., and Lane, P. L., ATB Metall., 1997, vol. 37, pp. 266-273.
2. Kabasakaloglu, M., Aydin, H., Aydin, H., and Aksu, M. L., Mater. Corros., 1997, vol. 48, pp. 744-754.
3. Nylund, A., Aluminum Trans., 2000, vol. 2, pp. 121-137.
4. Hinton, B. R. W., Metal Finish., 1991, vol. 89, no. 9, pp. 55-59.
5. Hinton, B. R. W., Metal Finish., 1991, vol. 89, no. 10, pp. 15-20.
6. Twite, R. L. and Bierwagen, G. P., Prog. Org. Coat., 1998, vol. 33, pp. 91-100.
7. Lytle, F. W., Greegor, R. B., Bibbins, G. L., Blohowiak, K. Y., Smith, R. E., and Tuss, G. D., Corros. Sci., 1995, vol. 37, pp. 349-369.
8. Hughes, A. E., Taylor, R. J., and Hinton, B. R. W., Surf. Interface Anal, 1997, vol. 25, pp. 223-234.
9. Brown, G. M. and Kobayashi, K., J. Electrochem. Soc, 2001, vol. 148, pp. B457-B466.
10. Kending, M. W. and Buchheit, R. G., Corrosion, 2003, vol. 59, pp. 379-400.
11. Hughes, A. E., Cole, I. S., Muster, T. H., and Varley, R. J., NPG Asia Mater., 2010, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 143-151.
12. Cohen, S. M., Corrosion, 1995, vol. 51, pp. 71-78.
13. Puippe, J. Cl., Galvanotechnik, 1999, vol. 90, pp. 3003-3009.
14. Guan, H. and Buchheit, R. G., Corrosion, 2004, vol. 60, pp. 284-296.
15. Davenport, A. J., Aldykiewicz, A. J., Jr., Isaacs, H. S., Kendig, M. W., and Mundy, A. M., Proc. Symp. on X-ray Methods in Corrosion and Interfacial Electrochemistry, Phoenix, AZ, Electrochem. Soc., 1991, vol. 92-1, pp. 306-314.
16. Kulinich, S. A., Akhtar, A. S., Wong, P. C., Wong, K. C., and Mitchell, K. A. R., Thin Solid Films, 2007, vol. 515, pp. 8386-8392.
17. Bibber, J. W., Plating Surf. Finish., 2003, vol. 90, pp. 40-43.
18. Ogle, K. and Wolpers, M., in Corrosion: Fundamentals and Protection, ASM Handbook, Vol. 13A, Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International, 2003, p. 712.
19. Hinton, B. R. W., J. Alloy. Compd., 1992, vol. 180, pp. 15-25.
20. Buchheit, R. G., Mamidipally, S. B., Schmutz, P., and Guan, H., Corrosion, 2002, vol. 58, pp. 3-14.
21. Hughes, A. E., Taylor, R. J., Hinton, B. R. W., and Wolson, L., Surf. Interface Anal., 1995, vol. 23, pp. 540-550.
22. Pinc, W., Geng, S., O'Keefe, M., Fahrenholtz, W., and O'Keefe, T., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2009, vol. 255, pp. 4061-4065.
23. Pinc, W., Maddela, S., O'Keefe, M., and Fahrenholtz, W., Surf. Coat. Technol, 2010, vol. 204, pp. 4095-4100.
24. Arnott, D. R., Hinton, B. R. W., and Ryan, N. E., Corrosion, 1989, vol. 45, pp. 12-18.
25. Mishra, A. K. and Balasubramaniam, R., Corros. Sci., 2007, vol. 49, pp. 1027-1044.
26. Moutarlier, Y., Pelletier, S., Lallemand, F., Gigandet, M. P., and Mekhalif, Z., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2005, vol. 252, pp. 1739-1746.
27. Li, Q. Z., Tang, Y. M., and Zuo, Y., Mater. Chem. Phys., 2010, vol. 120, pp. 676-681.
28. Goueffon, Y., Mabru, C., Labarrère, M., Arurault, L., Tonon, C., Guigue, P., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2009, vol. 2004, pp. 1013-1017.
29. Zubillaga, O., Cano, F. J., Azkarate, I., Molchan, I. S., Thompson, G. E., and Skeldon, P., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2009, vol. 203, pp. 1494-1501.
30. Oldham, K. B. and Myland, J. C., Fundamentals of Electrochemical Science, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1994.
31. Metroke, T. L., Kachurina, O., and Knobbe, E. T., J. Coat. Technol., 2002, vol. 74, pp. 53-61.
32. Khramov, A. N., Voevodin, N. N., Balbyshev, V. N., and Mantz, R. A., This Solid Films, 2005, vol. 483, pp. 191-196.
33. van Ooij, W. J., Zhu, D. Q., Prasad, G., Jayaseelan, S., Fu, Y., and Teredesai, N., Surf. Eng, 2000, vol. 16, pp. 386-396.
34. van Ooij, W. J., Zhu, D., Stacy, M., Seth, A., Mugada, T., Gandhi, J., and Puomi, P., Tsinghua Sci. Technol., 2005, vol. 10, pp. 639-664.
35. Cecchetto, L., Delabouglise, D., and Petit, J.-P., Electrochim. Acta, 2007, vol. 52, pp. 3485-3492.
36. Cecchetto, L., Denoyelle, A., Delabouglise, D., and Petit, J.-P., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2008, vol. 254, pp. 1736-1743.
37. Karpagam, V., Sathiyanarayanan, S., and Venkatachari, G., Curr. Appl. Phys., 2008, vol. 8, pp. 93-98.
38. Kolics, A., Besing, A. S., and Wieckowski, A., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2001, vol. 148, pp. B322-B331.
39. Campestrini, P., Terryn, H., Hovestad, A., and de Wit, J. H. W., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2004, vol. 176, pp. 365-381.
40. Hughes, A. E., Gorman, J., Harvey, T. G., McCulloch, D., and Toh, S. K., Surf. Interface Anal., 2004, vol. 36, pp. 1585-1591.
41. Rivera, B. F., Johnson, B. Y., O'Keefe, M. J., and Fahrenholtz, W. G., Surf: Coat. Technol., 2004, vol. 176, pp. 349-356.
42. Hu, J., Zhao, X. H., Tang, S. W., Ren, W. C., and Zhang, Z. Y., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2007, vol. 253, pp. 8879-8884.
43. Hamdy, A. S. and Butt, D. P., J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2007, vol. 181, pp. 76-80.
44. Danilidis, I., Sykes, J. M., Hunter, J. A., and Scamans, G. M., Surf. Eng., 1999, vol. 15, pp. 401-405.
45. Danilidis, I., Hunter, J., Scamans, G. M., and Sykes, J. M., Corros. Sci., 2007, vol. 49, pp. 1557-1569.
46. Danilidis, I., Davenport, A. J., and Sykes, J. M., Corros. Sci., 2007, vol. 49, pp. 1981-1991.
47. Smit, M. A., Hunter, J. A., Sharman, J. D. B., Scamans, G. M., and Sykes, J. M., Corros. Sci, 2003, vol. 45, pp. 1903-1920.
48. Decroly, A. and Petitjean, J.-P., Surf. Coat. Technol, 2005, vol. 194, pp. 1-9.
49. Andreatta, F., Turco, A., de Graeve, I., Terryn, H., de Wit, J. H. W., and Fedrizzi, L., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2007, vol. 201, pp. 7668-7685.
50. Nordlien, J. H., Walmsley, J. C., Østerberg, H., and Nisancioglu, K., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2002, vol. 153, pp. 72-78.
51. Silva, J. W. J., Codaro, E. N., Nakazato, R. Z., and Hein, L. R. O., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2005, vol. 252, pp. 1117-1122.
52. Dabalà, M., Armelao, L., Buchberger, A., and Calliari, I., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2001, vol. 172, pp. 312-322.
53. Fedrizzi, L., Deflorian, F., and Bonora, P. L., Electrochim. Acta, 1997, vol. 42, pp. 969-978.
54. Chen, W. K., Bai, C. Y., Liu, C. M., Lin, C. S., and Ger, M. D., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2010, vol. 256, pp. 4924-4929.
55. Buchheit, R. G., Grant, R. P., Hlava, P. F., Mckenzie, B., and Zender, G. L., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1997, vol. 144, pp. 2621-2628.
56. Kendig, M., Jeanjaquet, S., Addison, R., and Waldrop, J., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2001, vol. 140, pp. 58-66.
57. Xia, L. and McCreery, R. L., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1998, vol. 145, pp. 3083-3089.
58. Zhao, J., Xia, L., Sehgal, A., Lu, D., McCreery, R. L., and Frankel, G. S., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2001, vol. 140, pp. 51-57.
59. Zhao, J., Frankel, G., and McCreery, R. L., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1998, vol. 145, pp. 2258-2264.
60. Campestrini, P., Terryn, H., Vereecken, J., and de Wit, J. H. W., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2004, vol. 151, pp. B359-B369.
61. Waldrop, J. R. and Kendig, M. W., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1998, vol. 145, pp. L11-L13.
62. Jaime Vasquez, M., Halada, G. P., Clayton, C. R., Longtin, J. P., Surf. Interface Anal., 2002, vol. 33, pp. 607-616.
63. Kulinich, S. A., Akhtar, A. S., Susac, D., Wong, K. C., Wong, P. C., and Mitchell, K. A. R., Mater. Sci. Forum, 2006, vol. 519-521, pp. 621-628.
64. Buchheit, R. G., Cunningham, M., Jensen, H., Kendig, M. W., and Martinez, M. A., Corrosion, 1998, vol. 54, pp. 61-72.
65. Sun, X., Li, R., Wong, K. C., and Mitchell, K. A. R., J. Mater. Sci., 2001, vol. 36, pp. 3215-3220.
66. Kulinich, S. A., Akhtar, A. S., Susac, D., Wong, P. C., Wong, K. C., and Mitchell, K. A. R., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2007, vol. 253, pp. 3144-3153.
67. Jaime Vasquez, M., Kearns, J. R., Halada, G. P., and Clayton, C. R., Surf. Interface Anal., 2002, vol. 33, pp. 796-806.
68. Akmal, N. and Usmani, A. M., Polymer News, 2003, vol. 28, pp. 143-149.
69. Lunder, O., Walmsley, J. C., Mack, P., and Misancioglu, K., Corros. Sci., 2005, vol. 147, pp. 1604-1624.
70. Gray, J. E. and Luan, B., J. Alloy. Compd., 2002, vol. 336, pp. 88-113.
71. Zhang, W., Hurley, B., and Buchheit, R. G., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2002, vol. 149, pp. B357-B365.
72. Brown, G. M., Shimizu, K., Kobayashi, K., Thompson, G. E., Wood, G. C., Corros. Sci., 1992, vol. 33, pp. 1371-1385.
73. Brown, G. M., Shimizu, K., Kobayashi, K., Thompson, G. E., and Wood, G. C., Corros. Sci., 1993, vol. 35, pp. 253-256.
74. Pearlstein, F. and Agarwala, V. S., Plating Surf. Finish., 1994, vol. 81, pp. 50-55.
75. Delaunois, F., Poulain, V., and Petitjean, J.-P., ATB Metall., 1997, vol. 37, pp. 106-111.
76. Kachurina, O., Metroke, T. L., Stesikova, E., and Knobbe, E. T., J. Coat. Technol, 2002, vol. 74, pp. 43-48.
77. Rangel, C. M., Simões, A., and Newman, R. C., Portugali, 1997, vol. 15, pp. 383-388.
78. Bibber, J. W., U. S. Patent 4755224, 1988.
79. Bibber, J. W., U. S. Patent 4878963, 1989.
80. Bibber, J. W., U. S. Patent 4988396, 1991.
81. Sankara Narayanan, T. S. N., Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 2005, vol. 9, pp. 130-177.
82. Scholes, F. H., Soste, C., Hughes, A. E., Hardin, S. G., and Curtis, P. R., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2006, vol. 253, pp. 1770-1780.
83. Deck, P. D., Moon, M., and Sujdak, R. J., Prog. Org. Coat., 1998, vol. 34, pp. 39-48.
84. Lunder, O., Simensen, C., Yu, Y., and Nisancioglu, K., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2004, vol. 184, pp. 278-290.
85. Schram, T., Goeminne, G., Terryn, H., Vanhoolst, W., and van Espen, P., Trans. I. M. F., 1995, vol. 73, pp. 91-95.
86. Schriever, M. P., U. S. Patent 5551994, 1996.
87. Schriever, M. P., U. S. Patent 5873953, 1999.
88. Castro, M. R. S., Nogueira, J. C., Thim, G. P., and Oliveira, M. A. S., Thin Solid Films, 2004, vol. 457, pp. 307-312.
89. Anicǎi, L., Manea, A. C., and Visan, T., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 2004, vol. 418, pp. 41-53.
90. Buchheit, R. G., Bode, M. D., and Stoner, G. E., Corrosion, 1994, vol. 50, pp. 205-214.
91. Zhang, J.-S., Zhao, X.-H., Zuo, Y., and Xiong, J.-P., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, vol. 202, pp. 3149-3156.
92. Aerts, T., Dimogerontakis, Th., De Graeve, I., Fransaer, J., and Terryn, H., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2007, vol. 201, pp. 7310-7317.
93. Brace, A., Trans. IMF, 1997, vol. 75, pp. B101-B106.
94. Pourbaix, M., Atlas of Elechtrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions, Houston: National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 1974.
95. Pearlstein, F. and Agarawala, V. S., U. S. Patent 5304257, 1994.
96. Zhang, X., van den Bos, C., Sloof, W. G., Hovstad, A., Terryn, H., and de Wit, J. H. W., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2005, vol. 199, pp. 92-104.
97. Delaunois, F., Poulain, V., and Petitjean, J. P., Mater. Sci. Forum, 1997, vol. 242, pp. 213-217.
98. Yu, H. C., Chen, B. Z., Shi, X. C., Sun, X. L., and Li, B., Mater. Lett., 2008, vol. 62, pp. 2828-2831.
99. Yu, H. C., Chen, B. Z., Wu, H. Y., Sun, X. L., and Li, B., Electrochim. Acta, 2008, vol. 54, pp. 720-726.
100. Wilcox, G. D., Gabe, D. R., and Warwick, M. E., Corros. Rev., 1986, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 327-365.
101. Moshier, W. C. and Davis, G. D., Corrosion, 1990, vol. 46, pp. 43-49.
102. Badawy, W. A., Al-Kharafi, F. M., and El-Azab, A. S., Corros. Sci., 1999, vol. 41, pp. 709-727.
103. Wiggle, R. R., Hospadaruk, V., and Styloglou, E. A., Mater. Performance, 1981, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 13-18.
104. Wilcox, G. D., Gabe, D. R., and Warwick, M. E., Corros. Sci., 1988, vol. 28, pp. 577-585.
105. Gabe, D. R. and Gould, S. E., Surf. Coat Technol., 1988, vol. 35, pp. 79-91.
106. Treacy, G. M., Wilcox, G. D., and Richardson, M. O. W., J. Appl. Electrochem., 1999, vol. 29, pp. 647-654.
107. Hamdy, A. S., Beccaria, A. M., and Traverso, P., J. Appl. Electrochem., 2005, vol. 35, pp. 467-472.
108. Hamdy, A. S., Prog. Org. Coat., 2006, vol. 56, pp. 146-150.
109. Kurosawa, K. and Fukushima, T., Corros. Sci., 1989, vol. 29, pp. 1103-1114.
110. Hughes, A. E., Gorman, J. D., and Paterson, P. J. K., Corros. Sci., 1996, vol. 38, pp. 1957-1976.
111. Mansfeld, F., Shih, H., and Wang, Y., US Patent 5194138, 1993.
112. Mansfeld, F. and Wang, Y., Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1995, vol. 198, pp. 51-61.
113. Kending, M. and Thomas, C., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1992, vol. 139, pp. L103-L104.
114. Mikhailovskii, Y. N. and Berdzenishvili, G. A., Prot. Met., 1985, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 758-762.
115. Bibber, J. W., U. S. Patent 4711667, 1987.
116. Bibber, J. W., Proc. Corrosion 95: the NACE International Annual Conference and Corrosion Show. March 1995, Orlando, FL: NACE International, Paper 392.
117. Hamdy, A. S. and Beccaria, A. M., Surf. Interface Anal., 2002, vol. 34, pp. 160-163.
118. Srinivasan, P. B., Sathiyanarayanan, S., Marikkannu, C., and Balakrishnan, K., Corros. Prev. Control, 1995, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 35-37.
119. Takaya, M., Jpn. Inst. Light Met., 1995, vol. 45, pp. 713-718 [in Japanese].
120. Umehara, H., Terauchi, S., and Takaya, M., Mater. Sci. Forum, 2000, vols. 350/351, pp. 273-282.
121. Umehara, H., Takaya, M., and Terauchi, S., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2003, vols. 169/170, pp. 666-669.
122. Zhao, M., Wu, S. S., Luo, J. R., Fukuda, Y., and Nakae, H., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, vol. 200, pp. 5407-5412.
123. Lin, C. S., Lee, C. Y., Li, W. C., Chen, Y. S., and Fang, G. N., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2006, vol. 153, pp. B90-B96.
124. Hawke, D. and Albright, D. L., Met. Finish., 1995, vol. 93, no. 10, pp. 34-38.
125. Chong, K. Z. and Shih, T. S., Mater. Chem. Phys., 2003, vol. 80, pp. 191-200.
126. Danilidis, I., Hunter, J., Scamans, G. M., and Sykes, J. M., Corros. Sci., 2008, vol. 50, pp. 3038-3046.
127. Buchheit, R. G., Mamidipally, S. B., Schmutz, P., and Huan, H., Active Corrosion Protection in Chromate and Chromate-Free Conversion Coatings, Surface Conversion for Aluminum and Ferrous Alloys, Houston, TX: NACE International, 2000, pp. 62-92.
128. Cook, R. L. and Taylor, S. R., Corrosion, 2000, vol. 56, pp. 321-333.
129. Iannuzzi, M., Young, T., and Frankel, G. S., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2006, vol. 153, pp. B533-B541.
130. Iannuzzi, M. and Frankel, G. S., Corros. Sci., 2007, vol. 49, pp. 2371-2391.
131. Hamdy, A. S. and Beccaria, A. M., Corros. Prev. Control., 2001, vol. 48, pp. 143-149.
132. Yang, K. H., Ger, M. D., Hwu, W. H., Sung, Y., and Liu, Y. C., Mater. Chem. Phys., 2007, vol. 101, pp. 480-485.
133. Nazarov, Z., Thierry, D., Prosek, T., and Le Bozec, N., J. Electrochem. Soc, 2005, vol. 152, pp. B220-B227.
134. Ogle, K. and Buchheit, R. G., in Corrosion and Oxide Films, Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry, Stratmann, M. and Frankel, G. S., Eds., Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003, vol. 4, p. 460.
135. Nakazawa, T. and Shirahata, S., World Intellectual Property Organization Patent 2007013626, 2007.
136. Freeman, D. B., Phosphating and Metal Pre-treatment, Cambridge, England: Woodhead-Faulkner, 1986.
137. Ita, A. O., Metal Finish., 2000, vol. 98, pp. 87-91.
138. Altenpohl, D. G., Aluminum: Technology, Applications, and Environment, Washington: Aluminum Association, 1998, ch. 12.
139. Davis, J. R., Ed., Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International, 1999, ch. 11.
140. Wernick, S., Pinner, R., and Sheasby, P. G., The Surface Treatment and Finishing of Aluminum and Its Alloys, Teddington, Middlesex, England: Finishing Publications Ltd., 1987, ch. 5.
141. Roland, W. A., Galvano-Organo, 1999, vol. 68, pp. 194-199.
142. Ogle, K., Tomandl, A., Meddahi, N., and Wolpers, M., Corros. Sci., 2004, vol. 46, pp. 979-995.
143. Tomandl, A., Wolpers, M., and Ogle, K., Corros. Sci., 2004, vol. 46, pp. 997-1011.
144. Johnson, B. Y., Edington, J., and O'Keefe, M. J., Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, vol. 361, pp. 225-231.
145. Johnson, B. Y., Edington, J., Williams, A., and O'Keefe, M. J., Mater. Characterization, 2005, vol. 54, pp. 41-48.
146. Cheng, B., Ramamurthy, S., and Mclntyre, N. S., J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 1997, vol. 6, pp. 405-412.
147. van Roy, I., Terryn, H., and Goeminne, G., Colloids Surf. A, 1998, vol. 136, pp. 89-96.
148. Kok, W. H., Sun, X., Shi, L., Wong, K. C., Mitchell, K. A. R., Foster, T., J. Mater. Sci., 2001, vol. 36, pp. 3941-3946.
149. Fang, J., Wong, P. C., Mitchell, K. A. R., and Foster, T., J. Mater. Sci., 1998, vol. 33, pp. 1541-1547.
150. Buytaert, G., Terryn, H., and Hubin, A., Trans. IMF, 2002, vol. 80, pp. 142-146.
151. Susac, D., Leung, C. W., Sun, X., Wong, K. C., and Mitchell, K. A. R., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2004, vol. 187, pp. 216-224.
152. Das, N. and Jandrists, J. P., U. S. Patent 6027579, 2000.
153. Wichelhaus, W., Endres, H., Gottwald, K. H., Speckmann, H. D., and Brouwer, J. W., U. S. Patent 6395105, 2002.
154. Susac, D., Sun, X., Li, R. Y., Wong, K. C., Wong, P. C., Mitchell, K. A. R., and Champaneria, R., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2004, vol. 239, pp. 45-59.
155. Sun, X., Kok, W. H., Wong, K. C., Li, R., Mitchell, K. A. R., and Foster, T., ATB Metall., 2000, vols. 40/41, pp. 503-508.
156. Sun, X., Susac, D., Li, R., Wong, K. C., Foster, T., and Mitchell, K. A. R., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2002, vol. 155, pp. 46-50.
157. Zhang, S.-L., Chen, H.-H., Zhang, X.-L., and Zhang, M.-M., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, vol. 202, pp. 1674-1680.
158. Akhtar, A. S., Susac, D., Glaze, P., Wong, K. C., Wong, P. C., and Mitchell, K. A. R., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2004, vol. 187, pp. 208-215.
159. Akhtar, A. S., Wong, K. C., and Mitchell, K. A. R., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2006, vol. 253, pp. 493-501.
160. Akhtar, A. S., Susac, D., Wong, P. C., and Mitchell, K. A. R., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2006, vol. 253, pp. 502-509.
161. Akhtar, A. S., Wong, K. C., Wong, P. C., and Mitchell, K. A. R., Thin Solid Films, 2007, vol. 515, pp. 7899-7905.
162. Akhtar, A. S., Wong, P. C., Wong, K. C., and Mitchell, K. A. R., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2008, vol. 254, pp. 4813-4819.
163. Hinton, B. R. W., Arnott, D. R., and Ryan, N. E., Met. Forum, 1984, vol. 7, pp. 211-217.
164. Pinc, W., Yu, P., O'Keefe, M., and Fahrenholtz, W., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2009, vol. 203, pp. 3533-3540.
165. Arnott, D. R., Ryan, N. E., Hinton, B. R. W., Sexton, B. A., and Hughes, A. E., Appl. Surf. Sci., 1985, vols. 22/23, pp. 236-251.
166. Bethencourt, M., Botana, F. J., Calvino, J. J., Marcos, M., and Rodriguez-Chacón, M. A., Corros. Sci., 1998, vol. 40, pp. 1803-1819.
167. Mishra, A. K. and Balasubramaniam, R., Mater. Chem. Phys., 2007, vol. 103, pp. 385-393.
168. Haley, T. J., J. Pharm. Sci., 1965, vol. 54, pp. 663-670.
169. Ragel, C. M., Paiva, T. I., and da Luz, P. P., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, vol. 202, pp. 3396-3402.
170. de Frutos, A., Arenas, M. A., Liu, Y., Skeldon, P., Thompson, G. E., de Damborenea, J., and Conde, A., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, vol. 202, pp. 3797-3807.
171. Mansfeld, F., Wang, Y., and Shih, H., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1991, vol. 138, pp. L74-L75.
172. Bethencourt, M., Botana, F. J., Cano, M. J., Marcos, M., Sánchez-Amaya, J. M., and González-Rovira, L., Corros. Sci., 2008, vol. 50, pp. 1376-1384.
173. Yu, P., Hayes, S. A., O'Keefe, T. J., O'Keefe, M. J., and Stoffer, J. O., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2006, vol. 153, pp. C74-C79.
174. Hamdy, A. S., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, vol. 200, pp. 3786-3792.
175. Hayes, S. A., Yu, P., O'Keefe, T. J., O'Keefe, M. J., and Stoffer, J. O., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2002, vol. 149, pp. C623-C630.
176. Aldykiewicz, A. J., Davenport, A. J., and Isaacs, H. S., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1996, vol. 143, pp. 147-154.
177. Aldykiewicz, A. J., Isaacs, H. S., and Davenport, A. J., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1995, vol. 142, pp. 3342-3350.
178. Yu, X. W. and Li, G. Q., J. Alloy Compd., 2004, vol. 364, pp. 193-198.
179. Zhang, W. and Buchheit, R. G., Corrosion, 2002, vol. 58, pp. 591-600.
180. Hamdy, A. S., Mater. Lett., 2006, vol. 60, pp. 2633-2637.
181. Hughes, A. E., Mol, J. M. C., Hinton, B. R. W., and van der Zwaag, S., Corros. Sci., 2005, vol. 47, pp. 107-124.
182. Mol, J. M. C., Hinton, B. R. W., van der Weijde, D. H., de Wit, J. H. W., and van der Zwaag, S., J. Mater. Sci., 2000, vol. 35, pp. 1629-1639.
183. Miller, R. N., US Patent 5399210, 1995.
184. Wan, J., Thompson, G. E., Ng, T. K., Lu, K. Q., and Smith, C. J. E., J. Phys. IV, 1997, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1183-1184.
185. You, S. X., Jones, P., Padwal, A., Yu, P., O'Keefe, M., Fahrenholtz, W., and O'Keefe, T., Mater. Lett. 2007, vol. 61, pp. 3778-3782.
186. Zhang, H. B. and Zuo, Y., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2008, vol. 254, pp. 4930-4935.
187. Kasten, L. S., Grant, J. T., Grebasch, N., Voevodin, N., Arnold, F. E., and Donley, M. S., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2001, vol. 140, pp. 11-15.
188. Voevodin, N. N., Grebash, N. T., Soto, W. S., Arnold, F. E., and Donley, M., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2001, vol. 140, pp. 24-28.
189. Smit, M. A., Sykes, J. M., Hunter, J. A., Sharman, J. D. B., and Scamans, G. M., Surf. Eng., 1999, vol. 15, pp. 407-410.
190. Dollman, D. Y. and O'Grady, T. J., US Patent 4191596, 1980.
191. Karmaschek, U., Roland, A., Vennschott, H., and Wennemann, H., US Patent 5584946, 1996.
192. Laha, P., Schram, T., and Terryn, H., Surf. Inerface Anal., 2002, vol. 34, pp. 677-680.
193. Hauffe, D., Kolberg, T., Muller, G., Gehmecker, H., Rausch, W., Schubach, P., and Wendel, T., US Patent 5294266, 1994.
194. Tomlinson, C. E., US Patent 5380374, 1995.
195. Deck, P. D. and Reichgott, D. W., Met. Finish., 1992, vol. 90, no. 9, pp. 29-35.
196. Fedrizzi, L., Deflorian, F., Canteri, R., Fedrizzi, M., and Bonora, P. L., in Progress in the Understanding and Prevention of Corrosion, Proceedings, vol. 1, Barcelona (Spain), 1993, pp. 131-138.
197. Schriever, M. P., Europ. Patent 0488430, 1992.
198. Roland, W.-A., ATB Mettall., 1998, vol. 38, pp. 51-57.
199. Schriever, M. P., Europ. Patent 0458020, 1991.
200. Rangel, C. M. and Travassos, M. A., Corros. Sci., 1992, vol. 33, pp. 327-343.
201. Drewien, C. A., Eatough, M. O., Tallant, D. R., Hills, C. R., and Buchheit, R. G., J. Mater. Res., 1996, vol. 11, pp. 1507-1513.
202. Buchheit, R. G. and Martinez, M. A., US Patent 5756218, 1998.
203. Rangel, C. M. and Travassos, M. A., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, vol. 200, pp. 5823-5828.
204. Gui, J. and Devine, T. M., Scripta Metal., 1987, vol. 21, pp. 853-857.
205. Craig, J. G., Newman, R. C., Jarrett, M. R., and Holroyd, N. J. H., J. Phys., 1987, vol. 48, pp. 825-833.
206. Drewien, C. A., Tallant, D. R., and Eatough, M. O., J. Mater. Sci., 1996, vol. 31, pp. 4321-4325.
207. Buchheit, R. G., J. Appl. Electrochem, 1998, vol. 28, pp. 503-510.
208. Montero-Moreno, J. M., Sarret, M., Müller, C., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2007, vol. 154, pp. C169-C174.
209. Zubillaga, O., Cano, F. J., Azkarate, I., Molchan, I. S., Thompson, G. E., and Skeldon, P., Thin Solid Films, 2009, vol. 517, pp. 6742-6746.
210. Feliu, S., Bartolomé, M. J., González, J. A., and Feliu, S., J. Electrochem. Soc, 2007, vol. 154, pp. C241-C248.
211. Montero-Moreno, J. M., Sarret, M., Müller, C., Surf. Coat. Technol, 2007, vol. 201, pp. 6352-6357.
212. Goueffon, Y., Arurault, L., Fontorbes, S., Mabru, C., Tonon, C., and Guigue, P., Mater. Chem. Phys., 2010, vol. 120, pp. 636-642.
213. Thompson, G. E., Zhang, L., Smith, C. J. E., and Skeldon, P., Corrosion, 1999, vol. 55, pp. 1052-1061.
214. Yu, X. W., Cao, C., and Yao, Z. M., J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 2000, vol. 19, pp. 1907-1908.
215. Boisier, G., Lamure, A., Pébère, N., Portail, N., and Villatte, M., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2009, vol. 2003, pp. 3420-3426.
216. Moutarlier, V., Gigandet, M. P., and Pagetti, J., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2003, vol. 206, pp. 237-249.
217. Monfort, F., Berkani, A., Matykina, E., Skeldon, P., Thomson, G. E., Habazaki, H., and Shimizu, K., Corros. Sci., 2007, vol. 49, pp. 672-693.
218. García-Rubio, M., Ocón, P., Climent-Font, A., Smith, R. W., Curioni, M., Thompson, G. E., Seldon, P., Lava, A., and Garcia, I., Corros. Sci., 2009, vol. 51, pp. 2034-2042.
219. Moutarlier, V., Gigandet, M. P., Pagetti, J., and Ricq, L., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2003, vol. 173, pp. 87-95.
220. Moutarlier, V., Gigandet, M. P., Normand, B., and Pagetti, J., Corros. Sci., 2005, vol. 47, pp. 937-951.
221. Moutarlier, V., Gigandet, M. P., Ricq, L., and Pagetti, J., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2001, vol. 183, pp. 1-9.
222. ASTM B117, Standard Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing, Vol. 3. 02, "Annual Book of ASTM Standards", American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1993, p. 19.
223. Prokeš, P. and Kalendová, A., J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2007, vol. 68, pp. 1083-1086.
224. Jacques, S., Rocca, E., Stebe, M.-J., Steinmetz, J., Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, vol. 202, pp. 3878-3885.
225. Chen, X. M., Li, G. G., Lian, J. S., and Jiang, Q., Appl. Surf. Sci, 2008, vol. 255, pp. 2322-2328.
226. Ikeda, S., Europ. Patent 0337075, 1989.
227. Li, X. H., Deng, S. D., Mu, G. N., and Qu, Q., Mater. Lett., 2007, vol. 61, pp. 2514-2517.