메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 3044-3056

Improving the performance of P3HT-fullerene solar cells with side-chain-functionalized poly(thiophene) additives: A new paradigm for polymer design

Author keywords

additive; interface; photovoltaic; poly(thiophene); recombination; side chain functionalization

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE LAYER; AROMATIC MOIETIES; BIMOLECULAR RECOMBINATION; BULK HETEROJUNCTION; CHARGE COLLECTION; CONTROL DEVICE; FUNCTIONALIZATIONS; HIGH SERIES RESISTANCES; LOW LOADING; NANO-SCALE PHASE SEPARATION; OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE DECAYS; PHOTOVOLTAIC; POLY(THIOPHENE); POLYMER DESIGNS; POLYMER-FULLERENE; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES; RECOMBINATION; REGIO-REGULAR; RR-P3HT; SERIES RESISTANCES; SIDE-CHAINS; TERNARY MIXTURES; WEIGHT RATIOS;

EID: 84860382268     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn204589u     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (123)

References (46)
  • 2
    • 8544235033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugated Polymer Photovoltaic Cells
    • Coakley, K. M.; McGehee, M. D. Conjugated Polymer Photovoltaic Cells Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 4533-4542
    • (2004) Chem. Mater. , vol.16 , pp. 4533-4542
    • Coakley, K.M.1    McGehee, M.D.2
  • 4
    • 19944403238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Limits to Organic Photovoltaic Cell Efficiency
    • Forrest, S. R. The Limits to Organic Photovoltaic Cell Efficiency MRS Bull. 2005, 30, 28-32
    • (2005) MRS Bull. , vol.30 , pp. 28-32
    • Forrest, S.R.1
  • 5
    • 79961066617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of Disordered Polymer Segments to Microstructure-Dependent Photovoltaic Properties of Polymer-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
    • Wu, F.-C.; Huang, Y.-C.; Cheng, H.-L.; Chou, W.-Y.; Tang, F.-C. Importance of Disordered Polymer Segments to Microstructure-Dependent Photovoltaic Properties of Polymer-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 15057-15066
    • (2011) J. Phys. Chem. C , vol.115 , pp. 15057-15066
    • Wu, F.-C.1    Huang, Y.-C.2    Cheng, H.-L.3    Chou, W.-Y.4    Tang, F.-C.5
  • 6
    • 79959797037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A New Model for the Morphology of P3HT/PCBM Organic Photovoltaics from Small-Angle Neutron Scattering: Rivers and Streams
    • Yin, W.; Dadmun, M. A New Model for the Morphology of P3HT/PCBM Organic Photovoltaics from Small-Angle Neutron Scattering: Rivers and Streams ACS Nano 2011, 5, 4756-4768
    • (2011) ACS Nano , vol.5 , pp. 4756-4768
    • Yin, W.1    Dadmun, M.2
  • 8
    • 79960505295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer Crystallization of Partially Miscible Polythiophene/Fullerene Mixtures Controls Morphology
    • Kozub, D. R.; Vakhshouri, K.; Orme, L. M.; Wang, C.; Hexemer, A.; Gomez, E. D. Polymer Crystallization of Partially Miscible Polythiophene/Fullerene Mixtures Controls Morphology Macromolecules 2011, 44, 5722-5726
    • (2011) Macromolecules , vol.44 , pp. 5722-5726
    • Kozub, D.R.1    Vakhshouri, K.2    Orme, L.M.3    Wang, C.4    Hexemer, A.5    Gomez, E.D.6
  • 9
    • 77956078198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase-Sensitive Neutron Reflectometry Measurements Applied in the Study of Photovoltaic Films
    • Kiel, J. W.; Mackay, M. E.; Kirby, B. J.; Maranville, B. B.; Majkrzak, C. F. Phase-Sensitive Neutron Reflectometry Measurements Applied in the Study of Photovoltaic Films J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 133, 074902
    • (2010) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.133 , pp. 074902
    • Kiel, J.W.1    MacKay, M.E.2    Kirby, B.J.3    Maranville, B.B.4    Majkrzak, C.F.5
  • 11
    • 77955334633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of P3HT/PCBM Photovoltaic Efficiency Using the Surfactant of Triblock Copolymer Containing Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Poly(4- vinyltriphenylamine) Segments
    • Tsai, J.-H.; Lai, Y.-C; Higashihara, T.; Lin, C.-J.; Ueda, M.; Chen, W.-C. Enhancement of P3HT/PCBM Photovoltaic Efficiency Using the Surfactant of Triblock Copolymer Containing Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Poly(4- vinyltriphenylamine) Segments Macromolecules 2010, 43, 6085-6091
    • (2010) Macromolecules , vol.43 , pp. 6085-6091
    • Tsai, J.-H.1    Lai, Y.-C.2    Higashihara, T.3    Lin, C.-J.4    Ueda, M.5    Chen, W.-C.6
  • 12
    • 31144447884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Compatibilizers and Their Effect on the Morphology and Performance of Polythiophene:Fullerene Solar Cells
    • Sivula, K.; Ball, Z. T.; Watanabe, N.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Compatibilizers and Their Effect on the Morphology and Performance of Polythiophene:Fullerene Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 206-210
    • (2006) Adv. Mater. , vol.18 , pp. 206-210
    • Sivula, K.1    Ball, Z.T.2    Watanabe, N.3    Fréchet, J.M.J.4
  • 13
    • 68149172913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Well-Defined Donor-Acceptor Rod-Coil Diblock Copolymers Based on P3HT Containing C60: The Morphology and Role as a Surfactant in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells
    • Yang, C.; Lee, J. K.; Heeger, A. J.; Wudl, F. Well-Defined Donor-Acceptor Rod-Coil Diblock Copolymers Based on P3HT Containing C60: The Morphology and Role as a Surfactant in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19, 5416-5423
    • (2009) J. Mater. Chem. , vol.19 , pp. 5416-5423
    • Yang, C.1    Lee, J.K.2    Heeger, A.J.3    Wudl, F.4
  • 14
    • 67651011420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ternary Mixing: A Simple Method to Tailor the Morphology of Organic Solar Cells
    • Campoy-Quiles, M.; Kanai, Y.; El-Basaty, A.; Sakai, H.; Murata, H. Ternary Mixing: A Simple Method To Tailor the Morphology of Organic Solar Cells Org. Electron. 2009, 10, 1120-1132
    • (2009) Org. Electron. , vol.10 , pp. 1120-1132
    • Campoy-Quiles, M.1    Kanai, Y.2    El-Basaty, A.3    Sakai, H.4    Murata, H.5
  • 15
    • 34248570673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Annealing on the Nanomorphology and Performance of Poly(alkylthiophene):Fullerene Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells
    • Nguyen, L. H.; Hoppe, H.; Erb, T.; Günes, S.; Gobsch, G.; Sariciftci, N. S. Effects of Annealing on the Nanomorphology and Performance of Poly(alkylthiophene):Fullerene Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 17, 1071-1078
    • (2007) Adv. Funct. Mater. , vol.17 , pp. 1071-1078
    • Nguyen, L.H.1    Hoppe, H.2    Erb, T.3    Günes, S.4    Gobsch, G.5    Sariciftci, N.S.6
  • 16
    • 77951572407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystalline Random Conjugated Copolymers with Multiple Side Chains: Tunable Intermolecular Interactions and Enhanced Charge Transport and Photovoltaic Properties
    • Wu, P.-T.; Ren, G.; Jenekhe, S. A. Crystalline Random Conjugated Copolymers with Multiple Side Chains: Tunable Intermolecular Interactions and Enhanced Charge Transport and Photovoltaic Properties Macromolecules 2010, 43, 3306-3313
    • (2010) Macromolecules , vol.43 , pp. 3306-3313
    • Wu, P.-T.1    Ren, G.2    Jenekhe, S.A.3
  • 17
    • 78751487443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Side Chain Engineering of Fused Aromatic Thienopyrazine Based Low Band-Gap Polymers for Enhanced Charge Carrier Mobility
    • Mondal, R.; Ko, S.; Verploegen, E.; Becerril, H. A.; Toney, M. F.; Bao, Z. Side Chain Engineering of Fused Aromatic Thienopyrazine Based Low Band-Gap Polymers for Enhanced Charge Carrier Mobility J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 1537-1543
    • (2011) J. Mater. Chem. , vol.21 , pp. 1537-1543
    • Mondal, R.1    Ko, S.2    Verploegen, E.3    Becerril, H.A.4    Toney, M.F.5    Bao, Z.6
  • 18
    • 35549002718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of Alkyl Substitution Pattern in Thiophene Copolymers on Composite Fullerene Solar Cell Performance
    • Thompson, B. C.; Kim, B. J.; Kavulak, D. F.; Sivula, K.; Mauldin, C.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Influence of Alkyl Substitution Pattern in Thiophene Copolymers on Composite Fullerene Solar Cell Performance Macromolecules 2007, 40, 7425-7428
    • (2007) Macromolecules , vol.40 , pp. 7425-7428
    • Thompson, B.C.1    Kim, B.J.2    Kavulak, D.F.3    Sivula, K.4    Mauldin, C.5    Fréchet, J.M.J.6
  • 19
    • 51049121827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Effect of Polymer Nanoparticle Formation on the Efficiency of Polythiophene-Based Bulk Heterojunctions
    • Moulé, A. J.; Allard, S.; Kronenberg, N. M.; Tsami, A.; Scherf, U.; Meerholz, K. The Effect of Polymer Nanoparticle Formation on the Efficiency of Polythiophene-Based Bulk Heterojunctions J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 12583-12589
    • (2008) J. Phys. Chem. C , vol.112 , pp. 12583-12589
    • Moulé, A.J.1    Allard, S.2    Kronenberg, N.M.3    Tsami, A.4    Scherf, U.5    Meerholz, K.6
  • 21
    • 79951658806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and Characterization of Polythiophenes Bearing Aromatic Groups at the 3-Position
    • Ohshimizu, K.; Takahashi, A.; Rho, Y.; Higa-shihara, T.; Ree, M.; Ueda, M. Synthesis and Characterization of Polythiophenes Bearing Aromatic Groups at the 3-Position Macromolecules 2011, 44, 719-727
    • (2011) Macromolecules , vol.44 , pp. 719-727
    • Ohshimizu, K.1    Takahashi, A.2    Rho, Y.3    Higa-Shihara, T.4    Ree, M.5    Ueda, M.6
  • 22
    • 0141843675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Phosphonic Acid Functionalized, Regioregular Polythiophenes
    • Stokes, K. K.; Heuzé, K.; McCullough, R. D. New Phosphonic Acid Functionalized, Regioregular Polythiophenes Macromolecules 2003, 36, 7114-7118
    • (2003) Macromolecules , vol.36 , pp. 7114-7118
    • Stokes, K.K.1    Heuzé, K.2    McCullough, R.D.3
  • 24
    • 54249167396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon Nanotube/Polythiophene Chemiresistive Sensors for Chemical Warfare Agents
    • Wang, F.; Yang, Y.; Swager, T. M. Carbon Nanotube/Polythiophene Chemiresistive Sensors for Chemical Warfare Agents Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 8394-8396
    • (2008) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. , vol.47 , pp. 8394-8396
    • Wang, F.1    Yang, Y.2    Swager, T.M.3
  • 25
    • 0033533451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solid State Organisation of C60 by Inclusion Crystallisation with Triptycenes
    • Veen, E. M.; Postma, P. M.; Jonkman, H. T.; Spek, A. L.; Feringa, B. L. Solid State Organisation of C60 by Inclusion Crystallisation with Triptycenes Chem. Commun. 1999, 1709-1710
    • (1999) Chem. Commun. , pp. 1709-1710
    • Veen, E.M.1    Postma, P.M.2    Jonkman, H.T.3    Spek, A.L.4    Feringa, B.L.5
  • 26
    • 37049072469 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced Electrical Conductivity in Regioselectively Synthesized Poly(3-alkylthiophenes)
    • McCullough, R. D.; Lowe, R. D. Enhanced Electrical Conductivity in Regioselectively Synthesized Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) Chem. Commun. 1992, 70-72
    • (1992) Chem. Commun. , pp. 70-72
    • McCullough, R.D.1    Lowe, R.D.2
  • 27
    • 0033077140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Simple Method to Prepare Head-to-Tail Coupled, Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) Using Grignard Metathesis
    • Loewe, R. S.; Khersonsky, S. M.; McCullough, R. D. A Simple Method To Prepare Head-to-Tail Coupled, Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) Using Grignard Metathesis Adv. Mater. 1999, 11, 250-253
    • (1999) Adv. Mater. , vol.11 , pp. 250-253
    • Loewe, R.S.1    Khersonsky, S.M.2    McCullough, R.D.3
  • 28
    • 0035913017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regioregular, Head-to-Tail Coupled Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) Made Easy by the GRIM Method: Investigation of the Reaction and the Origin of Regioselectivity
    • Loewe, R. S.; Ewbank, P. C.; Liu, J.; Zhai, L.; McCullough, R. D. Regioregular, Head-to-Tail Coupled Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) Made Easy by the GRIM Method: Investigation of the Reaction and the Origin of Regioselectivity Macromolecules 2001, 34, 4324-4333
    • (2001) Macromolecules , vol.34 , pp. 4324-4333
    • Loewe, R.S.1    Ewbank, P.C.2    Liu, J.3    Zhai, L.4    McCullough, R.D.5
  • 29
    • 48949091845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, Properties, and Tunable Supramolecular Architecture of Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with Alternating Alkyl and Semifluoroalkyl Substituents
    • For examples of GRIM polymerizations used to obtain alternating AB copolymers from the corresponding 5,5'-dibromo-2,2'-bithiophene monomer, see: Wang, B.; Watt, S.; Hong, M.; Domercq, B.; Sun, R.; Kippelen, B.; Collard, D. M. Synthesis, Properties, and Tunable Supramolecular Architecture of Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with Alternating Alkyl and Semifluoroalkyl Substituents Macromolecules 2008, 41, 5156-5165
    • (2008) Macromolecules , vol.41 , pp. 5156-5165
    • Wang, B.1    Watt, S.2    Hong, M.3    Domercq, B.4    Sun, R.5    Kippelen, B.6    Collard, D.M.7
  • 30
    • 57349144000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocols for Efficient Postpolymerization Functionalization of Regioregular Polythiophenes
    • Benanti, T. L.; Kalaydjian, A.; Venkataraman, D. Protocols for Efficient Postpolymerization Functionalization of Regioregular Polythiophenes Macromolecules 2008, 41, 8312-8315
    • (2008) Macromolecules , vol.41 , pp. 8312-8315
    • Benanti, T.L.1    Kalaydjian, A.2    Venkataraman, D.3
  • 31
    • 0033741123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling the Macromolecular Architecture of Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s by Alternating Alkyl and Fluoroalkyl Substituents
    • Hong, X. M.; Tyson, J. C.; Collard, D. M. Controlling the Macromolecular Architecture of Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s by Alternating Alkyl and Fluoroalkyl Substituents Macromolecules 2000, 33, 3502-3504
    • (2000) Macromolecules , vol.33 , pp. 3502-3504
    • Hong, X.M.1    Tyson, J.C.2    Collard, D.M.3
  • 33
    • 64549124339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombination-Limited Photocurrents in Low Bandgap Polymer/Fullerene Solar Cells
    • Lenes, M.; Morana, M.; Brabec, C. J.; Blom, P. W. M. Recombination- Limited Photocurrents in Low Bandgap Polymer/Fullerene Solar Cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 1106-1111
    • (2009) Adv. Funct. Mater. , vol.19 , pp. 1106-1111
    • Lenes, M.1    Morana, M.2    Brabec, C.J.3    Blom, P.W.M.4
  • 35
    • 15944383750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2/Dye/CuSCN Photovoltaic Cells Explored by Recombination and DOS Characterization Using Transient Photovoltage Measurements
    • 2/Dye/CuSCN Photovoltaic Cells Explored by Recombination and DOS Characterization Using Transient Photovoltage Measurements J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 4616-4623
    • (2005) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.109 , pp. 4616-4623
    • Oregan, B.C.1    Scully, S.2    Mayer, A.C.3    Palomares, E.4    Durrant, J.R.5
  • 37
    • 78149446062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Thermal Annealing upon the Morphology of Polymer-Fullerene Blends
    • For an example of using topography and phase AFM images to study the nanoscale morphology of polymer/fullerene blends, see: Verploegen, E.; Mondal, R.; Bettinger, C. J.; Sok, S.; Toney, M. F.; Bao, Z. Effects of Thermal Annealing upon the Morphology of Polymer-Fullerene Blends Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 3519-3529
    • (2010) Adv. Funct. Mater. , vol.20 , pp. 3519-3529
    • Verploegen, E.1    Mondal, R.2    Bettinger, C.J.3    Sok, S.4    Toney, M.F.5    Bao, Z.6
  • 38
    • 34250683115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Molecular Interface Modification in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Photovoltaic Cells
    • For an example of the effects of interface modification on photovoltaic performance, see
    • For an example of the effects of interface modification on photovoltaic performance, see: Goh, C.; Scully, S. R.; McGehee, M. D. Effects of Molecular Interface Modification in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Photovoltaic Cells J. Appl. Phys. 2007, 101, 114503
    • (2007) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.101 , pp. 114503
    • Goh, C.1    Scully, S.R.2    McGehee, M.D.3
  • 39
    • 79957472532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tailoring Organic Heterojunction Interfaces in Bilayer Polymer Photovoltaic Devices
    • For a second example of the effects of interface modification on photovoltaic performance, see
    • For a second example of the effects of interface modification on photovoltaic performance, see: Tada, A.; Geng, Y.; Wei, Q.; Hashimoto, K.; Tajima, K. Tailoring Organic Heterojunction Interfaces in Bilayer Polymer Photovoltaic Devices Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 450-455
    • (2011) Nat. Mater. , vol.10 , pp. 450-455
    • Tada, A.1    Geng, Y.2    Wei, Q.3    Hashimoto, K.4    Tajima, K.5
  • 40
    • 72149085467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reappraising the Need for Bulk Heterojunctions in Polymer-Fullerene Photovoltaics: The Role of Carrier Transport in All-Solution-Processed P3HT/PCBM Bilayer Solar Cells
    • Ayzner, A. L.; Tassone, C. J.; Tolbert, S. H.; Schwartz, B. J. Reappraising the Need for Bulk Heterojunctions in Polymer-Fullerene Photovoltaics: The Role of Carrier Transport in All-Solution-Processed P3HT/PCBM Bilayer Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 20050-20055
    • (2009) J. Phys. Chem. C , vol.113 , pp. 20050-20055
    • Ayzner, A.L.1    Tassone, C.J.2    Tolbert, S.H.3    Schwartz, B.J.4
  • 41
    • 79952583562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interdiffusion of PCBM and P3HT Reveals Miscibility in a Photovoltaically Active Blend
    • 61BM by thermally annealing a bilayer, see
    • 61BM by thermally annealing a bilayer, see: Treat, N. D.; Brady, M. A.; Smith, G.; Toney, M. F.; Kramer, E. J.; Hawker, C. J.; Chabinyc, M. L. Interdiffusion of PCBM and P3HT Reveals Miscibility in a Photovoltaically Active Blend Adv. Energy Mater. 2011, 1, 82-85
    • (2011) Adv. Energy Mater. , vol.1 , pp. 82-85
    • Treat, N.D.1    Brady, M.A.2    Smith, G.3    Toney, M.F.4    Kramer, E.J.5    Hawker, C.J.6    Chabinyc, M.L.7
  • 42
    • 84856444278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discriminating between Bilayer and Bulk Heterojunction Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells Using the External Quantum Efficiency
    • 61BM by thermally annealing a bilayer, see
    • 61BM by thermally annealing a bilayer, see: Gevaerts, V. S.; Koster, L. J. A.; Wienk, M. M.; Janssen, R. A. J. Discriminating between Bilayer and Bulk Heterojunction Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells Using the External Quantum Efficiency ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3, 3252-3256
    • (2011) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , vol.3 , pp. 3252-3256
    • Gevaerts, V.S.1    Koster, L.J.A.2    Wienk, M.M.3    Janssen, R.A.J.4
  • 43
    • 79959922632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Photovoltaic Polymer/Fullerene Blend Composition Ratio on Microstructure Evolution during Film Solidification Investigated in Real Time by X-ray Diffraction
    • Sanyal, M.; Schmidt-Hansberg, B.; Klein, M. F. G.; Munuera, C.; Vorobiev, A.; Colsman, A.; Scharfer, P.; Lemmer, U.; Schabel, W.; Dosch, H. et al. Effect of Photovoltaic Polymer/Fullerene Blend Composition Ratio on Microstructure Evolution during Film Solidification Investigated in Real Time by X-ray Diffraction Macromolecules 2011, 44, 3795-3800
    • (2011) Macromolecules , vol.44 , pp. 3795-3800
    • Sanyal, M.1    Schmidt-Hansberg, B.2    Klein, M.F.G.3    Munuera, C.4    Vorobiev, A.5    Colsman, A.6    Scharfer, P.7    Lemmer, U.8    Schabel, W.9    Dosch, H.10
  • 44
    • 80455127027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of the Bulk Heterojunction Composition for Enhanced Photovoltaic Properties: Correlation between the Molecular Weight of the Semiconducting Polymer and Device Performance
    • Nicolet, C.; Deribew, D.; Renaud, C.; Fleury, G.; Brochon, C.; Cloutet, E.; Vignau, L.; Wantz, G.; Cramail, H.; Geoghegan, M. et al. Optimization of the Bulk Heterojunction Composition for Enhanced Photovoltaic Properties: Correlation between the Molecular Weight of the Semiconducting Polymer and Device Performance J. Phys. Chem. B 2011, 115, 12717-12727
    • (2011) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.115 , pp. 12717-12727
    • Nicolet, C.1    Deribew, D.2    Renaud, C.3    Fleury, G.4    Brochon, C.5    Cloutet, E.6    Vignau, L.7    Wantz, G.8    Cramail, H.9    Geoghegan, M.10
  • 45
    • 79955879712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Active Layers via Bilayer Interdiffusion
    • Chen, D.; Liu, F.; Wang, C.; Nakahara, A.; Russell, T. P. Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Active Layers via Bilayer Interdiffusion Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 2071-2078
    • (2011) Nano Lett. , vol.11 , pp. 2071-2078
    • Chen, D.1    Liu, F.2    Wang, C.3    Nakahara, A.4    Russell, T.P.5
  • 46
    • 84858625785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Miscibility, Crystallinity, and Phase Development in P3HT/PCBM Solar Cells: Toward an Enlightened Understanding of Device Morphology and Stability
    • Collins, B. A.; Tumbleston, J. R.; Ade, H. Miscibility, Crystallinity, and Phase Development in P3HT/PCBM Solar Cells: Toward an Enlightened Understanding of Device Morphology and Stability J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 3135-3145
    • (2011) J. Phys. Chem. Lett. , vol.2 , pp. 3135-3145
    • Collins, B.A.1    Tumbleston, J.R.2    Ade, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.