Width-modulation of Si photonic wires for quasi-phase-matching of four-wave-mixing: Experimental and theoretical demonstration

Optics Express

Volumn 20, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 9227-9242

  Driscoll, Jeffrey B ^a,b   Ophir, Noam ^b   Grote, Richard R ^a,b   Dadap, Jerry I ^a,b   Panoiu, Nicolae C ^c   Bergman, Keren ^b   Osgood, Richard M ^a,b  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

^b University College London ^*  (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISPERSIONS; MODULATION; NANOWIRES; PHASE MATCHING; SILICON; WAVEGUIDES;

C-BANDS; DEVICE PARAMETERS; EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT; FOUR-WAVE-MIXING; NANOWIRE WAVEGUIDES; PHASE-MATCHED FOUR WAVE MIXING; QUASI-PHASE-MATCHED; QUASI-PHASE-MATCHING; SILICON PHOTONIC WIRES; SINUSOIDAL GRATING;

FOUR WAVE MIXING;

EID: 84860183169     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.20.009227     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. H. Fukuda, K. Yamada, T. Shoji, M. Takahashi, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, J. Takahashi, and S. Itabashi, "Four-wave mixing in silicon wire waveguides," Opt. Express 13(12), 4629-4637 (2005). (Pubitemid 41029384)
2. M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band continuous-wave parametric wavelength conversion in silicon nanowaveguides," Opt. Express 15(20), 12949-12958 (2007). (Pubitemid 47538405)
3. R. Espinola, J. Dadap, R. M. Osgood, Jr., S. McNab, and Y. Vlasov, "C-band wavelength conversion in silicon photonic wire waveguides," Opt. Express 13(11), 4341-4349 (2005). (Pubitemid 40899333)
4. N. Ophir, J. Chan, K. Padmaraju, A. Biberman, A. C. Foster, M. A. Foster, M. Lipson, A. L. Gaeta, and K. Bergman, "Continuous wavelength conversion of 40-Gb/s data over 100 nm using a dispersion-engineered silicon waveguide," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23(2), 73-75 (2011).
5. W. Astar, J. B. Driscoll, X. P. Liu, J. I. Dadap, W. M. J. Green, Y. A. Vlasov, G. M. Carter, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "All-optical format conversion of NRZ-OOK to RZ-OOK in a silicon nanowire utilizing either XPM or FWM and resulting in a receiver sensitivity gain of ~2.5 dB," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 234-249 (2010).
6. R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, D. F. Geraghty, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Signal regeneration using low-power four-wave mixing on silicon chip," Nat. Photonics 2(1), 35-38 (2008).
7. A. Biberman, B. G. Lee, A. C. Turner-Foster, M. A. Foster, M. Lipson, A. L. Gaeta, and K. Bergman, "Wavelength multicasting in silicon photonic nanowires," Opt. Express 18(17), 18047-18055 (2010).
8. H. Ji, M. H. Pu, H. Hu, M. Galili, L. K. Oxenlowe, K. Yvind, J. M. Hvam, and P. Jeppesen, "Optical waveform sampling and error-free demultiplexing of 1.28 Tb/s serial data in a nanoengineered silicon waveguide," J. Lightwave Technol. 29(4), 426-431 (2011).
9. F. Li, M. Pelusi, D. X. Xu, A. Densmore, R. Ma, S. Janz, and D. J. Moss, "Error-free all-optical demultiplexing at 160Gb/s via FWM in a silicon nanowire," Opt. Express 18(4), 3905-3910 (2010).
10. N. C. Panoiu, X. Chen, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Modulation instability in silicon photonic nanowires," Opt. Lett. 31(24), 3609-3611 (2006). (Pubitemid 46079718)
11. Y. T. Dai, X. P. Chen, Y. Okawachi, A. C. Turner-Foster, M. A. Foster, M. Lipson, A. L. Gaeta, and C. Xu, "1 micros tunable delay using parametric mixing and optical phase conjugation in Si waveguides," Opt. Express 17(9), 7004-7010 (2009).
12. R. Soref, "Mid-infrared photonics in silicon and germanium," Nat. Photonics 4(8), 495-497 (2010).
13. X. Liu, R. M. Osgood, Jr., Y. A. Vlasov, and W. M. J. Green, "Mid-infrared optical parametric amplifier using silicon nanophotonic waveguides," Nat. Photonics 4(8), 557-560 (2010).
14. S. Zlatanovic, J. S. Park, S. Moro, J. M. C. Boggio, I. B. Divliansky, N. Alic, S. Mookherjea, and S. Radic, "Mid-infrared wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides using ultracompact telecom-band-derived pump source," Nat. Photonics 4(8), 561-564 (2010).
15. N. Ophir, R. K. W. Lau, M. Menard, R. Salem, K. Padmaraju, Y. Okawachi, M. Lipson, A. L. Gaeta, and K. Bergman, "First demonstration of a 10-Gb/s RZ end-to-end four-wave mixing-based link at 1884 nm using silicon nanowaveguides," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 24(4), 276-278 (2012).
16. A. C. Turner-Foster, M. A. Foster, R. Salem, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, "Frequency conversion over two-thirds of an octave in silicon nanowaveguides," Opt. Express 18(3), 1904-1908 (2010).
17. R. K. W. Lau, M. Ménard, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner-Foster, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Continuous-wave mid-infrared frequency conversion in silicon nanowaveguides," Opt. Lett. 36(7), 1263-1265 (2011).
18. B. Kuyken, X. Liu, G. Roelkens, R. Baets, R. M. Osgood, Jr., and W. M. J. Green, "50 dB parametric on-chip gain in silicon photonic wires," Opt. Lett. 36(22), 4401-4403 (2011).
19. B. Kuyken, X. Liu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., Y. vlasov, G. Roelkens, R. Baets, and W. M. J. Green, "Frequency conversion of mid-infrared optical signals into the telecom band using nonlinear silicon nanophotonic wires," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper OThU2014.
20. S. Zlatanovic, J. S. Park, F. Gholami, J. M. C. Boggio, S. Moro, N. Alic, S. Mookherjea, and S. Radic, "Mid-infrared wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides pumped by silica-fiber-based source," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (accepted).
21. X. P. Liu, J. B. Driscoll, J. I. Dadap, R. M. Osgood, Jr., S. Assefa, Y. A. Vlasov, and W. M. J. Green, "Self-phase modulation and nonlinear loss in silicon nanophotonic wires near the mid-infrared two-photon absorption edge," Opt. Express 19(8), 7778-7789 (2011).
22. B. Kuyken, X. P. Liu, R. M. Osgood, Jr., R. Baets, G. Roelkens, and W. M. J. Green, "Mid-infrared to telecom-band supercontinuum generation in highly nonlinear silicon-on-insulator wire waveguides," Opt. Express 19(21), 20172-20181 (2011).
23. B. Kuyken, X. Liu, R. M. Osgood, Jr., R. Baets, G. Roelkens, and W. M. J. Green, "Widely tunable silicon mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator," in Group IV Photonics, United Kingdom (2011).
24. E. K. Tien, Y. W. Huang, S. M. Gao, Q. Song, F. Qian, S. K. Kalyoncu, and O. Boyraz, "Discrete parametric band conversion in silicon for mid-infrared applications," Opt. Express 18(21), 21981-21989 (2010).
25. G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear fiber optics, 4th ed., Quantum electronics-principles and applications (Elsevier/Academic Press, 2007).
26. J. I. Dadap, N. C. Panoiu, X. G. Chen, I. W. Hsieh, X. P. Liu, C. Y. Chou, E. Dulkeith, S. J. McNab, F. N. Xia, W. M. J. Green, L. Sekaric, Y. A. Vlasov, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Nonlinear-optical phase modification in dispersion-engineered Si photonic wires," Opt. Express 16(2), 1280-1299 (2008). (Pubitemid 351162212)
27. R. M. Osgood, Jr., N. C. Panoiu, J. I. Dadap, X. Liu, X. Chen, I. W. Hsieh, E. Dulkeith, W. M. J. Green, and Y. A. Vlasov, "Engineering nonlinearities in nanoscale optical systems: physics and applications in dispersion-engineered silicon nanophotonic wires," Adv. Opt. Photon. 1(1), 162-235 (2009).
28. A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides," Opt. Express 14(10), 4357-4362 (2006). (Pubitemid 43727624)
29. X. G. Chen, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Theory of Raman-mediated pulsed amplification in silicon-wire waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(2), 160-170 (2006).
30. G. R. N. Satyan and A. Yariv, "Chirp multiplication by four wave mixing for wideband swept-frequency sources for high resolution imaging," J. Lightwave Technol. 28(14), 2077-2083 (2010).
31. J. Kim, O. Boyraz, J. H. Lim, and M. N. Islam, "Gain enhancement in cascaded fiber parametric amplifier with quasi-phase matching: theory and experiment," J. Lightwave Technol. 19(2), 247-251 (2001). (Pubitemid 32456300)
32. K. Kikuchi, C. Lorattanasane, F. Futami, and S. Kaneko, "Observation of quasi-phase-matched four-wave-mixing assisted by periodic power variation in a long-distance optical amplifier chain," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7(11), 1378-1380 (1995).
33. J. B. Driscoll, R. R. Grote, X. P. Liu, J. I. Dadap, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Directionally anisotropic Si nanowires: on-chip nonlinear grating devices in uniform waveguides," Opt. Lett. 36(8), 1416-1418 (2011).
34. N. Vermeulen, J. E. Sipe, Y. Lefevre, C. Debaes, and H. Thienpont, "Wavelength conversion based on Raman-and non-resonant four-wave mixing in silicon nanowire rings without dispersion engineering," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 17(4), 1078-1091 (2011).
35. J. B. Driscoll, R. R. Grote, J. I. Dadap, N. C. Panoiu, and J. R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Quasi-phase-matching four-wave-mixing via width-modulated silicon nanowire waveguides," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper FThN4. (2011).
36. Y. Huang, E.-K. Tien, S. Gao, S. K. Kalyoncu, Q. Song, F. Qian, and O. Boyraz, "Quasi phase matching in SOI and SOS based parametric wavelength converters," Proc. SPIE 8120, 81200F, 81200F-7 (2011).
37. N. K. Hon, K. K. Tsia, D. R. Solli, and B. Jalali, "Periodically poled silicon," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(9), 091116 (2009).
38. M. Cazzanelli, F. Bianco, E. Borga, G. Pucker, M. Ghulinyan, E. Degoli, E. Luppi, V. Véniard, S. Ossicini, D. Modotto, S. Wabnitz, R. Pierobon, and L. Pavesi, "Second-harmonic generation in silicon waveguides strained by silicon nitride," Nat. Mater. 11(2), 148-154 (2011).
39. V. R. Almeida, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, "Nanotaper for compact mode conversion," Opt. Lett. 28(15), 1302-1304 (2003).
40. J. B. Driscoll, X. Liu, R. Grote, J. I. Dadap, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Enhancing FWM conversion efficiency in a silicon waveguide by exploiting phase-matching via a pump-induced nonlinear grating," in Integrated Photonics Research, Silicon and Nanophotonics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper IMB2013.
41. R. A. Soref and B. R. Bennett, "Electrooptical effects in silicon," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23(1), 123-129 (1987).
42. z) in silicon nanowire waveguides," Opt. Express 17(4), 2797-2804 (2009).
43. B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of photonics, 2nd ed., Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics (Wiley Interscience, 2007).
44. N. C. Panoiu, J. F. McMillan, and C. W. Wong, "Theoretical analysis of pulse dynamics in silicon photonic crystal wire waveguides," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 257-266 (2010).
45. A. C. Turner-Foster, M. A. Foster, J. S. Levy, C. B. Poitras, R. Salem, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, "Ultrashort free-carrier lifetime in low-loss silicon nanowaveguides," Opt. Express 18(4), 3582-3591 (2010).
46. R. R. Grote, J. B. Driscoll, C. G. Biris, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Weakly modulated silicon-dioxide-cladding gratings for silicon waveguide Fabry-Pérot cavities," Opt. Express 19(27), 26406-26415 (2011).
47. D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, and Y. Fainman, "Cladding-modulated Bragg gratings in silicon waveguides," Opt. Lett. 34(9), 1357-1359 (2009).
48. M. W. Pruessner, T. H. Stievater, and W. S. Rabinovich, "Integrated waveguide Fabry-Perot microcavities with silicon/air Bragg mirrors," Opt. Lett. 32(5), 533-535 (2007). (Pubitemid 46363518)
49. G. M. Jiang, R. Y. Chen, Q. A. Zhou, J. Y. Yang, M. H. Wang, and X. Q. Jiang, "Slab-modulated sidewall Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23, 6-8 (2011).
50. R. A. Soref, S. J. Emelett, and A. R. Buchwald, "Silicon waveguided components for the long-wave infrared region," J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 8(10), 840-848 (2006). (Pubitemid 44424662)