메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 235-243

The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: New insights from old clinical data?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABATACEPT; ADALIMUMAB; CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL; ETANERCEPT; INFLIXIMAB; INTERLEUKIN 6; METHOTREXATE; PLACEBO; RITUXIMAB; TOCILIZUMAB; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITOR;

EID: 84859438199     PISSN: 17594790     EISSN: 17594804     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2012.23     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (85)

References (56)
  • 2
    • 0030905089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and other proinflammatory cytokines in psoriatic arthritis synovial fluid
    • Partsch, G. et al. Highly increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and other proinflammatory cytokines in psoriatic arthritis synovial fluid. J. Rheumatol. 24, 518-523 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Rheumatol. , vol.24 , pp. 518-523
    • Partsch, G.1
  • 3
    • 0025255530 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of cytokine gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Firestein, G. S., Alvaro-Gracia, J. M. & Maki, R. Quantitative analysis of cytokine gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Immunol. 144, 3347-3353 (1990).
    • (1990) J. Immunol. , vol.144 , pp. 3347-3353
    • Firestein, G.S.1    Alvaro-Gracia, J.M.2    Maki, R.3
  • 4
    • 77953980528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-6: From its discovery to clinical applications
    • Kishimoto, T. IL-6: from its discovery to clinical applications. Int. Immunol. 22, 347-352 (2010).
    • (2010) Int. Immunol. , vol.22 , pp. 347-352
    • Kishimoto, T.1
  • 5
    • 0034756143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rheumatoid arthritis is more than cytokines: Autoimmunity and rheumatoid arthritis
    • Smolen, J. S. & Steiner, G. Rheumatoid arthritis is more than cytokines: autoimmunity and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 44, 2218-2220 (2001).
    • (2001) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.44 , pp. 2218-2220
    • Smolen, J.S.1    Steiner, G.2
  • 6
    • 79955806071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated consensus statement on the use of rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Buch, M. H. et al. Updated consensus statement on the use of rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 909-920 (2011).
    • (2011) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.70 , pp. 909-920
    • Buch, M.H.1
  • 7
    • 65349176911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy and safety of abatacept in methotrexate-naive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and poor prognostic factors
    • Westhovens, R. et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of abatacept in methotrexate-naive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and poor prognostic factors. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 1870-1877 (2009).
    • (2009) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.68 , pp. 1870-1877
    • Westhovens, R.1
  • 8
    • 0025777448 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism
    • Dinarello, C. A. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism. Blood 77, 1627-1652 (1991).
    • (1991) Blood , vol.77 , pp. 1627-1652
    • Dinarello, C.A.1
  • 9
    • 75649099044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons from animal models of arthritis over the past decade
    • van Den Berg, W. B. Lessons from animal models of arthritis over the past decade. Arthritis Res. Ther. 11, 250 (2009).
    • (2009) Arthritis Res. Ther. , vol.11 , pp. 250
    • Van Den Berg, W.B.1
  • 10
    • 2542478922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Cohen, S. B. The use of anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. 30, 365-380 (2004).
    • (2004) Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. , vol.30 , pp. 365-380
    • Cohen, S.B.1
  • 11
    • 77957893502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase 2 randomized, double-blind study of AMG 108, a fully human monoclonal antibody to IL-1R, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Cardiel, M. H. et al. A phase 2 randomized, double-blind study of AMG 108, a fully human monoclonal antibody to IL-1R, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 12, R192 (2010).
    • (2010) Arthritis Res. Ther. , vol.12
    • Cardiel, M.H.1
  • 12
    • 57049091684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for prognosticators in rheumatoid arthritis. Biological and clinical markers: Where are we now?
    • Smolen, J. S. et al. The need for prognosticators in rheumatoid arthritis. Biological and clinical markers: where are we now? Arthritis Res. Ther. 10, 208 (2008).
    • (2008) Arthritis Res. Ther. , vol.10 , pp. 208
    • Smolen, J.S.1
  • 13
    • 0029115051 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of CD4 monoclonal antibody therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis
    • van der Lubbe, P. A., Dijkmans, B. A., Markusse, H. M., Nässander, U. & Breedveld, F. C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of CD4 monoclonal antibody therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 38, 1097-1106 (1995).
    • (1995) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.38 , pp. 1097-1106
    • Van Der Lubbe, P.A.1    Dijkmans, B.A.2    Markusse, H.M.3    Nässander, U.4    Breedveld, F.C.5
  • 14
    • 79959856423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atacicept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate: Results of a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • van Vollenhoven, R. F., Kinnman, N., Vincent, E., Wax, S. & Bathon, J. Atacicept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate: results of a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 63, 1782-1792 (2011).
    • (2011) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.63 , pp. 1782-1792
    • Van Vollenhoven, R.F.1    Kinnman, N.2    Vincent, E.3    Wax, S.4    Bathon, J.5
  • 16
    • 0036838574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatments no longer in development for rheumatoid arthritis
    • Keystone, E. Treatments no longer in development for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 61 (Suppl. 2) ii43-ii45 (2002).
    • (2002) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.61 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Keystone, E.1
  • 17
    • 2342551979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with etanercept and anakinra in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have been treated unsuccessfully with methotrexate
    • Genovese, M. C. et al. Combination therapy with etanercept and anakinra in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have been treated unsuccessfully with methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 1412-1419 (2004).
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.50 , pp. 1412-1419
    • Genovese, M.C.1
  • 18
    • 33749365296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of the selective costimulation modulator abatacept in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving background biologic and nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A one-year randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Weinblatt, M. et al. Safety of the selective costimulation modulator abatacept in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving background biologic and nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a one-year randomized, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 54, 2807-2816 (2006).
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.54 , pp. 2807-2816
    • Weinblatt, M.1
  • 19
    • 0034192427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction and suppression of collagen-induced arthritis is dependent on distinct fcγ receptors
    • Kleinau, S., Martinsson, P. & Heyman, B. Induction and suppression of collagen-induced arthritis is dependent on distinct fcγ receptors. J. Exp. Med. 191, 1611-1616 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.191 , pp. 1611-1616
    • Kleinau, S.1    Martinsson, P.2    Heyman, B.3
  • 20
    • 0032536542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 6 is required for the development of collagen-induced arthritis
    • Alonzi, T. et al. Interleukin 6 is required for the development of collagen-induced arthritis. J. Exp. Med. 187, 461-468 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.187 , pp. 461-468
    • Alonzi, T.1
  • 21
    • 0035516173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis
    • Gouze, E. et al. Gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 1, 971-978 (2001).
    • (2001) Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. , vol.1 , pp. 971-978
    • Gouze, E.1
  • 22
    • 79955561084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential role of microRNA-155 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis in mice
    • Blüml, S. et al. Essential role of microRNA-155 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 63, 1281-1288 (2011).
    • (2011) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.63 , pp. 1281-1288
    • Blüml, S.1
  • 23
    • 35648988128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New therapies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Smolen, J. S., Aletaha, D., Koeller, M., Weisman, M. H. & Emery, P. New therapies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 370, 1861-1874 (2007).
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 1861-1874
    • Smolen, J.S.1    Aletaha, D.2    Koeller, M.3    Weisman, M.H.4    Emery, P.5
  • 24
    • 44449094628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of proteoglycan-induced arthritis by anti-CD20 B cell depletion therapy is mediated by reduction in autoantibodies and CD4+ T cell reactivity
    • Hamel, K. et al. Suppression of proteoglycan-induced arthritis by anti-CD20 B cell depletion therapy is mediated by reduction in autoantibodies and CD4+ T cell reactivity. J. Immunol. 180, 4994-5003 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Immunol. , vol.180 , pp. 4994-5003
    • Hamel, K.1
  • 25
    • 21644479222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by a distinct and transient synovial fluid cytokine profile of T cell and stromal cell origin
    • Raza, K. et al. Early rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by a distinct and transient synovial fluid cytokine profile of T cell and stromal cell origin. Arthritis Res. Ther. 7, R784-R795 (2005).
    • (2005) Arthritis Res. Ther. , vol.7
    • Raza, K.1
  • 26
    • 80052680230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting effects of TNF and anti-TNF on the activation of effector T cells and regulatory T cells in autoimmunity
    • Chen, X. & Oppenheim, J. J. Contrasting effects of TNF and anti-TNF on the activation of effector T cells and regulatory T cells in autoimmunity. FEBS Lett. 585, 3611-3618 (2011).
    • (2011) FEBS Lett. , vol.585 , pp. 3611-3618
    • Chen, X.1    Oppenheim, J.J.2
  • 27
    • 77951192680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-IL-6 receptor antibody suppressed T cell activation by inhibiting IL-2 production and inducing regulatory T cells
    • Yoshida, H., Hashizume, M., Suzuki, M. & Mihara, M. Anti-IL-6 receptor antibody suppressed T cell activation by inhibiting IL-2 production and inducing regulatory T cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 634, 178-183 (2010).
    • (2010) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.634 , pp. 178-183
    • Yoshida, H.1    Hashizume, M.2    Suzuki, M.3    Mihara, M.4
  • 29
    • 80555149788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cell depletion enhances T regulatory cell activity essential in the suppression of arthritis
    • Hamel, K. M. et al. B cell depletion enhances T regulatory cell activity essential in the suppression of arthritis. J. Immunol. 187, 4900-4906 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Immunol. , vol.187 , pp. 4900-4906
    • Hamel, K.M.1
  • 30
    • 42949162823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new class of reverse signaling costimulators belongs to the TNF family
    • Sun, M. & Fink, P. J. A new class of reverse signaling costimulators belongs to the TNF family. J. Immunol. 179, 4307-4312 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Immunol. , vol.179 , pp. 4307-4312
    • Sun, M.1    Fink, P.J.2
  • 31
    • 47249103596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CTLA-4 directly inhibits osteoclast formation
    • Axmann, R. et al. CTLA-4 directly inhibits osteoclast formation. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 1603-1609 (2008).
    • (2008) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.67 , pp. 1603-1609
    • Axmann, R.1
  • 32
    • 80555126845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • REG cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • REG cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J. Clin. Immunol. 31, 588-595 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Clin. Immunol. , vol.31 , pp. 588-595
    • Álvarez-Quiroga, C.1
  • 33
    • 48149100741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of methotrexate monotherapy with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept in active, early, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (COMET): A randomised, double-blind, parallel treatment trial
    • Emery, P. et al. Comparison of methotrexate monotherapy with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept in active, early, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (COMET): a randomised, double-blind, parallel treatment trial. Lancet 372, 375-382 (2008).
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 375-382
    • Emery, P.1
  • 34
    • 55849112632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Certolizumab pegol plus methotrexate is significantly more effective than placebo plus methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis: Findings of a fifty-two-week, phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study
    • Keystone, E. et al. Certolizumab pegol plus methotrexate is significantly more effective than placebo plus methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis: findings of a fifty-two-week, phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 3319-3329 (2008).
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.58 , pp. 3319-3329
    • Keystone, E.1
  • 35
    • 79955554422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of golimumab on radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: Results of randomized controlled studies of golimumab before methotrexate therapy and golimumab after methotrexate therapy
    • Emery, P. et al. The effects of golimumab on radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: results of randomized controlled studies of golimumab before methotrexate therapy and golimumab after methotrexate therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 63, 1200-1210 (2011).
    • (2011) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.63 , pp. 1200-1210
    • Emery, P.1
  • 36
    • 17244364098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of radiographic benefit of infliximab plus methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients who had no clinical improvement: A detailed subanalysis of the ATTRACT trial
    • Smolen, J. S. et al. Evidence of radiographic benefit of infliximab plus methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients who had no clinical improvement: a detailed subanalysis of the ATTRACT trial. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 1020-1030 (2005).
    • (2005) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.52 , pp. 1020-1030
    • Smolen, J.S.1
  • 37
    • 79953680176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tocilizumab inhibits structural joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis patients with inadequate responses to methotrexate: Results from the double-blind treatment phase of a randomized placebo-controlled trial of tocilizumab safety and prevention of structural joint damage at one year
    • Kremer, J. M. et al. Tocilizumab inhibits structural joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis patients with inadequate responses to methotrexate: results from the double-blind treatment phase of a randomized placebo-controlled trial of tocilizumab safety and prevention of structural joint damage at one year. Arthritis Rheum. 63, 609-621 (2011).
    • (2011) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.63 , pp. 609-621
    • Kremer, J.M.1
  • 38
    • 84859517375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tocilizumab inhibits progression of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis irrespective of its antiinflammatory effects: Disassociation of the link between inflammation and destruction
    • Smolen, J. S., Martinez-Avila, J. C. & Aletaha, D. Tocilizumab inhibits progression of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis irrespective of its antiinflammatory effects: disassociation of the link between inflammation and destruction. Ann. Rheum. Dis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200395.
    • Ann. Rheum. Dis.
    • Smolen, J.S.1    Martinez-Avila, J.C.2    Aletaha, D.3
  • 39
    • 78650645377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of joint damage and improved clinical outcomes with rituximab plus methotrexate in early active rheumatoid arthritis: The IMAGE trial
    • Tak, P. P. et al. Inhibition of joint damage and improved clinical outcomes with rituximab plus methotrexate in early active rheumatoid arthritis: the IMAGE trial. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 39-46 (2011).
    • (2011) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.70 , pp. 39-46
    • Tak, P.P.1
  • 40
    • 80053526097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rheumatoid arthritis near remission: Clinical rather than laboratory inflammation is associated with radiographic progression
    • Aletaha, D., Alasti, F. & Smolen, J. S. Rheumatoid arthritis near remission: clinical rather than laboratory inflammation is associated with radiographic progression. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 1975-1980 (2011).
    • (2011) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.70 , pp. 1975-1980
    • Aletaha, D.1    Alasti, F.2    Smolen, J.S.3
  • 41
    • 77953701043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of a numerical value for joint damage-related physical disability in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials
    • Smolen, J. S., Aletaha, D., Grisar, J. C., Stamm, T. A. & Sharp, J. T. Estimation of a numerical value for joint damage-related physical disability in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 1058-1064 (2010).
    • (2010) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.69 , pp. 1058-1064
    • Smolen, J.S.1    Aletaha, D.2    Grisar, J.C.3    Stamm, T.A.4    Sharp, J.T.5
  • 42
    • 0022627532 scopus 로고
    • Rheumatoid arthritis: Treatment which controls the C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate reduces radiological progression
    • Dawes, P. T. et al. Rheumatoid arthritis: treatment which controls the C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate reduces radiological progression. Br. J. Rheumatol. 25, 44-49 (1986).
    • (1986) Br. J. Rheumatol. , vol.25 , pp. 44-49
    • Dawes, P.T.1
  • 43
    • 0028143211 scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor a (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Elliott, M. J. et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor a (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 344, 1105-1110 (1994).
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1105-1110
    • Elliott, M.J.1
  • 44
    • 0032429668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockage of interleukin-6 receptor ameliorates joint disease in murine collagen-induced arthritis
    • Takagi, N. et al. Blockage of interleukin-6 receptor ameliorates joint disease in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 41, 2117-2121 (1998).
    • (1998) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.41 , pp. 2117-2121
    • Takagi, N.1
  • 45
    • 0026644298 scopus 로고
    • Anti-tumor necrosis factor ameliorates joint disease in murine collagen-induced arthritis
    • Williams, R. O., Feldmann, M. & Maini, R. N. Anti-tumor necrosis factor ameliorates joint disease in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 9784-9788 (1992).
    • (1992) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 9784-9788
    • Williams, R.O.1    Feldmann, M.2    Maini, R.N.3
  • 46
    • 34548715943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cell depletion delays collagen-induced arthritis in mice: Arthritis induction requires synergy between humoral and cell-mediated immunity
    • Yanaba, K. et al. B cell depletion delays collagen-induced arthritis in mice: arthritis induction requires synergy between humoral and cell-mediated immunity. J. Immunol. 179, 1369-1380 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Immunol. , vol.179 , pp. 1369-1380
    • Yanaba, K.1
  • 47
    • 0029162499 scopus 로고
    • Collagen-induced arthritis in the BB rat. Prevention of disease by treatment with CTLA-4-Ig
    • Knoerzer, D. B., Karr, R. W., Schwartz, B. D. & Mengle-Gaw, L. J. Collagen-induced arthritis in the BB rat. Prevention of disease by treatment with CTLA-4-Ig. J. Clin. Invest. 96, 987-993 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.96 , pp. 987-993
    • Knoerzer, D.B.1    Karr, R.W.2    Schwartz, B.D.3    Mengle-Gaw, L.J.4
  • 48
    • 0037108363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis by blockade of inducible costimulator-B7 homologous protein costimulation
    • Iwai, H. et al. Amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis by blockade of inducible costimulator-B7 homologous protein costimulation. J. Immunol. 169, 4332-4339 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Immunol. , vol.169 , pp. 4332-4339
    • Iwai, H.1
  • 49
    • 8444239359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of infliximab and methotrexate therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, controlled trial
    • St. Clair, E. W. et al. Combination of infliximab and methotrexate therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 3432-3443 (2004).
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.50 , pp. 3432-3443
    • St Clair, E.W.1
  • 50
    • 31044442965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PREMIER study: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of combination therapy with adalimumab plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone or adalimumab alone in patients with early, aggressive rheumatoid arthritis who had not had previous methotrexate treatment
    • Breedveld, F. C. et al. The PREMIER study: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of combination therapy with adalimumab plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone or adalimumab alone in patients with early, aggressive rheumatoid arthritis who had not had previous methotrexate treatment. Arthritis Rheum. 54, 26-37 (2006).
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.54 , pp. 26-37
    • Breedveld, F.C.1
  • 51
    • 2342658406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiographic, clinical, and functional outcomes of treatment with adalimumab (a human anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis receiving concomitant methotrexate therapy: A randomized, placebo-controlled, 52-week trial
    • Keystone, E. C. et al. Radiographic, clinical, and functional outcomes of treatment with adalimumab (a human anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis receiving concomitant methotrexate therapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, 52-week trial. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 1400-1411 (2004).
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.50 , pp. 1400-1411
    • Keystone, E.C.1
  • 52
    • 33746961890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks
    • Cohen, S. B. et al. Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks. Arthritis Rheum. 54, 2739-2806 (2006).
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.54 , pp. 2739-2806
    • Cohen, S.B.1
  • 53
    • 58849088519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab inhibits structural joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapies
    • Keystone, E. et al. Rituximab inhibits structural joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapies. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 216-221 (2009).
    • (2009) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.68 , pp. 216-221
    • Keystone, E.1
  • 54
    • 0034735842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infliximab and methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Concomitant Therapy Study Group
    • Lipsky, P. E. et al. Infliximab and methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Concomitant Therapy Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 343, 1594-1602 (2000).
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.343 , pp. 1594-1602
    • Lipsky, P.E.1
  • 55
    • 10744223002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic effect of the combination of etanercept and methotrexate compared with each treatment alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Double-blind randomised controlled trial
    • Klareskog, L. et al. Therapeutic effect of the combination of etanercept and methotrexate compared with each treatment alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 363, 675-681 (2004).
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 675-681
    • Klareskog, L.1
  • 56
    • 33745291091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of abatacept in patients with methotrexate-resistant active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized trial
    • Kremer, J. M. et al. Effects of abatacept in patients with methotrexate-resistant active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 144, 865-876 (2006).
    • (2006) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.144 , pp. 865-876
    • Kremer, J.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.