메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 141, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 124-133

A scale distortion theory of anchoring

Author keywords

Anchoring; Context effects; Mental representation; Response scales; Scaling effects

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECISION MAKING; HUMAN; PERCEPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

EID: 84859368649     PISSN: 00963445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0024006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (107)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0037331950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Coherent arbitrariness": Stable demand curves without stable preferences
    • doi:10.1162/00335530360535153
    • Ariely, D., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2003). "Coherent arbitrariness": Stable demand curves without stable preferences. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118, 73-105. doi:10.1162/00335530360535153
    • (2003) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.118 , pp. 73-105
    • Ariely, D.1    Loewenstein, G.2    Prelec, D.3
  • 2
    • 10644294999 scopus 로고
    • Assimilation and contrast in the estimation of number
    • doi:10.1037/h0041141
    • Bevan, W., & Turner, E. D. (1964). Assimilation and contrast in the estimation of number. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67, 458-462. doi:10.1037/h0041141
    • (1964) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 458-462
    • Bevan, W.1    Turner, E.D.2
  • 3
    • 0031203103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous assim-ilation and contrast effects in judgments of self and others
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.2.254
    • Biernat, M., Manis, M., & Kobrynowicz, D. (1997). Simultaneous assim-ilation and contrast effects in judgments of self and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 254-269. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.2.254
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 254-269
    • Biernat, M.1    Manis, M.2    Kobrynowicz, D.3
  • 5
    • 34147145271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of irrelevant anchors on the judgments and choices of doctors and patients
    • doi: 10.1177/0272989X06298595
    • Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Schwartz, J. A., & Bergus, G. R. (2007). The influence of irrelevant anchors on the judgments and choices of doctors and patients. Medical Decision Making, 27, 203-211. doi: 10.1177/0272989X06298595
    • (2007) Medical Decision Making , vol.27 , pp. 203-211
    • Brewer, N.T.1    Chapman, G.B.2    Schwartz, J.A.3    Bergus, G.R.4
  • 6
    • 0000305124 scopus 로고
    • Stimulus-similarity and the anchoring of subjective scales
    • doi:10.2307/ 1418726
    • Brown, D. R. (1953). Stimulus-similarity and the anchoring of subjective scales. American Journal of Psychology, 66, 199-214. doi:10.2307/ 1418726
    • (1953) American Journal of Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 199-214
    • Brown, D.R.1
  • 7
    • 0002264292 scopus 로고
    • Context effects with judgmental language that is absolute, extensive, and extra-experimentally anchored
    • doi:10.1037/h0045310
    • Campbell, D. T., Lewis, N. A., & Hunt, W. A. (1958). Context effects with judgmental language that is absolute, extensive, and extra-experimentally anchored. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55, 220-228. doi:10.1037/h0045310
    • (1958) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 220-228
    • Campbell, D.T.1    Lewis, N.A.2    Hunt, W.A.3
  • 10
    • 0041934523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating the irrelevant: Anchors in judgments of belief and value
    • T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), New York, NY: Cambridge University Press
    • Chapman, G. B., & Johnson, E. J. (2002). Incorporating the irrelevant: Anchors in judgments of belief and value. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment (pp. 120-138): New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2002) Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment , pp. 120-138
    • Chapman, G.B.1    Johnson, E.J.2
  • 12
    • 0041099482 scopus 로고
    • Contrast effects in the judgment of lifted weights
    • doi:10.1037/ h0042094
    • Di Lollo, V. (1964). Contrast effects in the judgment of lifted weights. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68, 383-387. doi:10.1037/ h0042094
    • (1964) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 383-387
    • Di Lollo, V.1
  • 13
    • 0035537715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sentencing under uncertainty: Anchoring effects in the courtroom
    • doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02687.x
    • Englich, B., & Mussweiler, T. (2001). Sentencing under uncertainty: Anchoring effects in the courtroom. Journal of Applied Social Psychol-ogy, 31, 1535-1551. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02687.x
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 1535-1551
    • Englich, B.1    Mussweiler, T.2
  • 14
    • 0035464133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting adjustment back in the anchoring and adjustment heuristic: Differential processing of self-generated and experimenter-provided anchors
    • doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00372
    • Epley, N., & Gilovich, T. (2001). Putting adjustment back in the anchoring and adjustment heuristic: Differential processing of self-generated and experimenter-provided anchors. Psychological Science, 12, 391-396. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00372
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.12 , pp. 391-396
    • Epley, N.1    Gilovich, T.2
  • 15
  • 16
    • 22944473018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When effortful thinking influences judgmental anchoring: Differential effects of forewarning and incentives on self-generated and externally provided anchors
    • doi:10.1002/bdm.495
    • Epley, N., & Gilovich, T. (2005). When effortful thinking influences judgmental anchoring: Differential effects of forewarning and incentives on self-generated and externally provided anchors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 18, 199-212. doi:10.1002/bdm.495
    • (2005) Journal of Behavioral Decision Making , vol.18 , pp. 199-212
    • Epley, N.1    Gilovich, T.2
  • 17
    • 33645083975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic. Why the adjustments are insufficient
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01704.x
    • Epley, N., & Gilovich, T. (2006). The anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic. Why the adjustments are insufficient. Psychological Science, 17, 311-318. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01704.x
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , pp. 311-318
    • Epley, N.1    Gilovich, T.2
  • 19
    • 84872951797 scopus 로고
    • Anchoring effects in judgment
    • doi:10.2307/1417684
    • Hunt, W. A. (1941). Anchoring effects in judgment. American Journal of Psychology, 54, 395-403. doi:10.2307/1417684
    • (1941) American Journal of Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 395-403
    • Hunt, W.A.1
  • 20
    • 21344431804 scopus 로고
    • Measures of anchoring in estimation tasks
    • doi:10.1177/01461672952111004
    • Jacowitz, K. E., & Kahneman, D. (1995). Measures of anchoring in estimation tasks. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1161-1166. doi:10.1177/01461672952111004
    • (1995) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 1161-1166
    • Jacowitz, K.E.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 22
    • 0043079984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic preferences or attitude expressions? An analysis of dollar responses to public issues
    • doi:10.1023/A: 1007835629236
    • Kahneman, D., Ritov, I., & Schkade, D. A. (1999). Economic preferences or attitude expressions? An analysis of dollar responses to public issues. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 19, 203-235. doi:10.1023/A: 1007835629236
    • (1999) Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , vol.19 , pp. 203-235
    • Kahneman, D.1    Ritov, I.2    Schkade, D.A.3
  • 23
    • 0032391326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shared outrage and erratic awards: The psychology of punitive damages
    • doi:10.1023/A:1007710408413
    • Kahneman, D., Schkade, D. A., & Sunstein, C. R. (1998). Shared outrage and erratic awards: The psychology of punitive damages. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 16, 49-86. doi:10.1023/A:1007710408413
    • (1998) Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , vol.16 , pp. 49-86
    • Kahneman, D.1    Schkade, D.A.2    Sunstein, C.R.3
  • 24
    • 0041054149 scopus 로고
    • Separating perceptual and linguistic effects of context shifts upon absolute judgments
    • doi:10.1037/h0040386
    • Krantz, D. L., & Campbell, D. T. (1961). Separating perceptual and linguistic effects of context shifts upon absolute judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 35-42. doi:10.1037/h0040386
    • (1961) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 35-42
    • Krantz, D.L.1    Campbell, D.T.2
  • 25
    • 0002830368 scopus 로고
    • Contrast effects in consumer judgments: Changes in mental representation or in the anchoring of rating scales
    • doi:10.1086/209260
    • Lynch, J. G., Chakravarti, D., & Mitra, A. (1991). Contrast effects in consumer judgments: Changes in mental representation or in the anchor-ing of rating scales. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 284-297. doi:10.1086/209260
    • (1991) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.18 , pp. 284-297
    • Lynch, J.G.1    Chakravarti, D.2    Mitra, A.3
  • 27
    • 0042264975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison processes in social judgment: Mech-anisms and consequences
    • doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.110.3.472
    • Mussweiler, T. (2003). Comparison processes in social judgment: Mech-anisms and consequences. Psychological Review, 110, 472-489. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.110.3.472
    • (2003) Psychological Review , vol.110 , pp. 472-489
    • Mussweiler, T.1
  • 28
    • 0033479334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis-consistent testing and semantic priming in the anchoring paradigm: A selective accessibility model
    • doi: 10.1006/jesp.1998.1364
    • Mussweiler, T., & Strack, F. (1999). Hypothesis-consistent testing and semantic priming in the anchoring paradigm: A selective accessibility model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 136-164. doi: 10.1006/jesp.1998.1364
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 136-164
    • Mussweiler, T.1    Strack, F.2
  • 29
    • 0034222710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "relative self": Informational and judgmental consequences of comparative self-evaluation
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.1.23
    • Mussweiler, T., & Strack, F. (2000a). The "relative self": Informational and judgmental consequences of comparative self-evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 23-38. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.1.23
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 23-38
    • Mussweiler, T.1    Strack, F.2
  • 30
    • 0034204133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of category and exemplar knowledge in the solution of anchoring tasks
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1038
    • Mussweiler, T., & Strack, F. (2000b). The use of category and exemplar knowledge in the solution of anchoring tasks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1038-1052. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1038
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.78 , pp. 1038-1052
    • Mussweiler, T.1    Strack, F.2
  • 31
    • 0000396442 scopus 로고
    • A cognitive model of the antecedents and conse-quences of satisfaction decisions
    • doi:10.2307/3150499
    • Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and conse-quences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17, 460-469. doi:10.2307/3150499
    • (1980) Journal of Marketing Research , vol.17 , pp. 460-469
    • Oliver, R.L.1
  • 32
    • 36849064698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anchors aweigh: A demonstration of cross-modality anchoring and magnitude priming
    • doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.008
    • Oppenheimer, D. M., LeBoeuf, R. A., & Brewer, N. T. (2008). Anchors aweigh: A demonstration of cross-modality anchoring and magnitude priming. Cognition, 106, 13-26. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.008
    • (2008) Cognition , vol.106 , pp. 13-26
    • Oppenheimer, D.M.1    LeBoeuf, R.A.2    Brewer, N.T.3
  • 33
    • 0002408510 scopus 로고
    • A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research
    • doi:10.2307/1251430
    • Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research. Journal of Marketing, 49, 41-50. doi:10.2307/1251430
    • (1985) Journal of Marketing , vol.49 , pp. 41-50
    • Parasuraman, A.1    Zeithaml, V.A.2    Berry, L.L.3
  • 34
    • 0001312089 scopus 로고
    • SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality
    • Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64, 12-40.
    • (1988) Journal of Retailing , vol.64 , pp. 12-40
    • Parasuraman, A.1    Zeithaml, V.A.2    Berry, L.L.3
  • 35
    • 0013813860 scopus 로고
    • Category judgment: A range-frequency model
    • doi:10.1037/h0022602
    • Parducci, A. (1965). Category judgment: A range-frequency model. Psychological Review, 72, 407-418. doi:10.1037/h0022602
    • (1965) Psychological Review , vol.72 , pp. 407-418
    • Parducci, A.1
  • 36
    • 0014368477 scopus 로고
    • Category scales and contrast effects with lifted weights
    • doi: 10.1037/h0026622
    • Ross, J., & Di Lollo, V. (1968). Category scales and contrast effects with lifted weights. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 78, 547-550. doi: 10.1037/h0026622
    • (1968) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.78 , pp. 547-550
    • Ross, J.1    Di Lollo, V.2
  • 37
    • 58149415613 scopus 로고
    • Judgment and response in magnitude estimation
    • doi:10.1037/h0031784
    • Ross, J., & Di Lollo, V. (1971). Judgment and response in magnitude estimation. Psychological Review, 78, 515-527. doi:10.1037/h0031784
    • (1971) Psychological Review , vol.78 , pp. 515-527
    • Ross, J.1    Di Lollo, V.2
  • 38
    • 0001751767 scopus 로고
    • Assimilation and contrast effects of anchoring stimuli on judgments
    • doi:10.1037/h0048784
    • Sherif, M., Taub, D., & Hovland, C. I. (1958). Assimilation and contrast effects of anchoring stimuli on judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55, 150-155. doi:10.1037/h0048784
    • (1958) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 150-155
    • Sherif, M.1    Taub, D.2    Hovland, C.I.3
  • 39
    • 0001482090 scopus 로고
    • Contrast effects and their relationship to subsequent behavior
    • doi:10.1016/0022-1031(78)90030-6
    • Sherman, S. J., Ahlm, K., Berman, L., & Lynn, S. (1978). Contrast effects and their relationship to subsequent behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 340-350. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(78)90030-6
    • (1978) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 340-350
    • Sherman, S.J.1    Ahlm, K.2    Berman, L.3    Lynn, S.4
  • 40
    • 0006977497 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation-level vs. the relativity of judgment
    • doi:10.2307/1420322
    • Stevens, S. S. (1958). Adaptation-level vs. the relativity of judgment. American Journal of Psychology, 71, 633-646. doi:10.2307/1420322
    • (1958) American Journal of Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 633-646
    • Stevens, S.S.1
  • 41
    • 0031478080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the enigmatic anchoring effect: Mechanisms of selective accessibility
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.3.437
    • Strack, F., & Mussweiler, T. (1997). Explaining the enigmatic anchoring effect: Mechanisms of selective accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 437-446. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.3.437
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 437-446
    • Strack, F.1    Mussweiler, T.2
  • 42
    • 0016264378 scopus 로고
    • Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases
    • doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124, September 27
    • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974, September 27). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124-1131. doi: 10.1126/science.185.4157.1124
    • (1974) Science , vol.185 , pp. 1124-1131
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 43
    • 0002359529 scopus 로고
    • Social influence on attitudes and on anchoring of congeneric attitude scales
    • doi:10.1016/0022-1031(78)90029-X
    • Upshaw, H. S. (1978). Social influence on attitudes and on anchoring of congeneric attitude scales. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 327-339. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(78)90029-X
    • (1978) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 327-339
    • Upshaw, H.S.1
  • 44
    • 0000320251 scopus 로고
    • Output processes in judgment
    • R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • Upshaw, H. S. (1984). Output processes in judgment. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 3, pp. 237-256). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1984) Handbook of social cognition , vol.3 , pp. 237-256
    • Upshaw, H.S.1
  • 45
    • 0030443879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new look at anchoring effects: Basic anchoring and its antecedents
    • doi:10.1037/0096-3445.125.4.387
    • Wilson, T. D., Houston, C. E., Etling, K. M., & Brekke, N. (1996). A new look at anchoring effects: Basic anchoring and its antecedents. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125, 387-402. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.125.4.387
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.125 , pp. 387-402
    • Wilson, T.D.1    Houston, C.E.2    Etling, K.M.3    Brekke, N.4
  • 46
    • 0001591895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is 7300 m equal to 7.3 km? Same semantics but different anchoring effects
    • doi:10.1006/ obhd.2000.2900
    • Wong, K. F. E., & Kwong, J. Y. Y. (2000). Is 7300 m equal to 7.3 km? Same semantics but different anchoring effects. Organizational Behav-ior and Human Decision Processes, 82, 314-333. doi:10.1006/ obhd.2000.2900
    • (2000) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.82 , pp. 314-333
    • Wong, K.F.E.1    Kwong, J.Y.Y.2
  • 47
    • 0001261110 scopus 로고
    • Modeling consumer satisfactions processes using experience-based norms
    • doi:10.2307/3151833
    • Woodruff, R. B., Cadotte, E. R., & Jenkins, R. L. (1983). Modeling consumer satisfactions processes using experience-based norms. Journal of Marketing Research, 20, 296-304. doi:10.2307/3151833
    • (1983) Journal of Marketing Research , vol.20 , pp. 296-304
    • Woodruff, R.B.1    Cadotte, E.R.2    Jenkins, R.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.