메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 136-164

Hypothesis-Consistent Testing and Semantic Priming in the Anchoring Paradigm: A Selective Accessibility Model

Author keywords

Anchoring heuristic; selective accessibility; hypothesis consistent testing; semantic priming.

Indexed keywords


EID: 0033479334     PISSN: 00221031     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jesp.1998.1364     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (369)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0002046520 scopus 로고
    • A dual process model of impression formation
    • Hillsdale: Erlbaum. p. 1-36
    • Brewer M. B. A dual process model of impression formation. Advances in social cognition. 1988;Erlbaum, Hillsdale. p. 1-36.
    • (1988) Advances in Social Cognition
    • Brewer, M.B.1
  • 3
    • 58149371373 scopus 로고
    • Anchoring, efficacy, and action: The influence of judgmental heuristics on self-efficacy judgment and behavior
    • Cervone D., Peake P. K. Anchoring, efficacy, and action: The influence of judgmental heuristics on self-efficacy judgment and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 50:1986;492-501.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 492-501
    • Cervone, D.1    Peake, P.K.2
  • 7
    • 0019777874 scopus 로고
    • Can human irrationality be experimentally demonstrated
    • Cohen L. J. Can human irrationality be experimentally demonstrated. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 4:1981;317-331.
    • (1981) The Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.4 , pp. 317-331
    • Cohen, L.J.1
  • 8
    • 0031320587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belief persistence after evidential discrediting: The impact of generated versus provided explanations on the likelihood of discredited outcomes
    • Davies M. F. Belief persistence after evidential discrediting: The impact of generated versus provided explanations on the likelihood of discredited outcomes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 33:1997;561-578.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 561-578
    • Davies, M.F.1
  • 9
    • 0002618637 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral decision theory: Processes of judgment and choice
    • Einhorn H. J., Hogarth R. M. Behavioral decision theory: Processes of judgment and choice. Annual Review of Psychology. 32:1981;53-88.
    • (1981) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 53-88
    • Einhorn, H.J.1    Hogarth, R.M.2
  • 10
    • 0002951603 scopus 로고
    • A practical guide to the use of response latency in social psychological research
    • C. Hendrick, & M. S. Clark. Newbury Park: Sage
    • Fazio R. H. A practical guide to the use of response latency in social psychological research. Hendrick C., Clark M. S. Research methods in personality and social psychology. 1990;74-97 Sage, Newbury Park.
    • (1990) Research Methods in Personality and Social Psychology , pp. 74-97
    • Fazio, R.H.1
  • 11
    • 4644234910 scopus 로고
    • A theory of social comparison
    • Festinger L. A theory of social comparison. Human Relations. 7:1954;117-140.
    • (1954) Human Relations , vol.7 , pp. 117-140
    • Festinger, L.1
  • 12
    • 33747927436 scopus 로고
    • Hindsight = foresight: The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty
    • Fischhoff B. Hindsight = foresight: The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 89:1975;288-299.
    • (1975) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 288-299
    • Fischhoff, B.1
  • 13
    • 77957060940 scopus 로고
    • A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation
    • M. P. Zanna. New York: Academic Press
    • Fiske S. T., Neuberg S. L. A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. Zanna M. P. Advances in experimental social psychology. 1990;1-74 Academic Press, New York.
    • (1990) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , pp. 1-74
    • Fiske, S.T.1    Neuberg, S.L.2
  • 14
    • 0000714472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On narrow norms and vague heuristics: A reply to Kahneman and Tversky, 1996
    • 596
    • Gigerenzer, G. 1996, On narrow norms and vague heuristics: A reply to Kahneman and Tversky, 1996, Psychological Review, 103, 592, 596.
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , pp. 592
    • Gigerenzer, G.1
  • 16
    • 0000534475 scopus 로고
    • Logic and conversation
    • P. Cole, & J. L. Morgan. New York: Academic Press
    • Grice H. P. Logic and conversation. Cole P., Morgan J. L. Syntax and semantics 3: Speech acts. 1975;41-58 Academic Press, New York.
    • (1975) Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts , pp. 41-58
    • Grice, H.P.1
  • 18
    • 11944269217 scopus 로고
    • Hindsight: Biased judgments of past events after the outcomes are known
    • Hawkins S. A., Hastie R. Hindsight: Biased judgments of past events after the outcomes are known. Psychological Bulletin. 107:1990;311-327.
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.107 , pp. 311-327
    • Hawkins, S.A.1    Hastie, R.2
  • 22
    • 0002490140 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge accessibility and activation: Subjectivity and suffering from unconscious sources
    • J. S. Uleman, & J. A. Bargh. New York: Guilford
    • Higgins E. T. Knowledge accessibility and activation: Subjectivity and suffering from unconscious sources. Uleman J. S., Bargh J. A. Unintended thought. 1989;75-123 Guilford, New York.
    • (1989) Unintended Thought , pp. 75-123
    • Higgins, E.T.1
  • 23
    • 0002175690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge activation: Accessibility, applicability, and salience
    • E. T. Higgins, & A. W. Kruglanski. New York: Guilford
    • Higgins E. T. Knowledge activation: Accessibility, applicability, and salience. Higgins E. T., Kruglanski A. W. Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles. 1996;133-168 Guilford, New York.
    • (1996) Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles , pp. 133-168
    • Higgins, E.T.1
  • 24
    • 0041544587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biases in social cognition: "aboutness" as a general principle
    • C. McGarty, & S. A. Haslam. Cambridge: Blackwell
    • Higgins E. T. Biases in social cognition: "Aboutness" as a general principle. McGarty C., Haslam S. A. The message of social psychology: Perspectives on mind in society. 1997;183-199 Blackwell, Cambridge.
    • (1997) The Message of Social Psychology: Perspectives on Mind in Society , pp. 183-199
    • Higgins, E.T.1
  • 26
    • 84991127068 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive biases in playing the lottery: Estimating the odds and choosing the numbers
    • Holtgraves T., Skeel J. Cognitive biases in playing the lottery: Estimating the odds and choosing the numbers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 22:1992;934-952.
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 934-952
    • Holtgraves, T.1    Skeel, J.2
  • 28
    • 0000205977 scopus 로고
    • Bias in utility assessments: Further evidence and explanations
    • Johnson E. J., Schkade D. A. Bias in utility assessments: Further evidence and explanations. Management Science. 35:1989;406-424.
    • (1989) Management Science , vol.35 , pp. 406-424
    • Johnson, E.J.1    Schkade, D.A.2
  • 30
    • 0000670845 scopus 로고
    • Anchoring and adjustment in probabilistic inferences in auditing
    • Joyce E. J., Biddle G. C. Anchoring and adjustment in probabilistic inferences in auditing. Journal of Accounting Research. 19:1981;120-145.
    • (1981) Journal of Accounting Research , vol.19 , pp. 120-145
    • Joyce, E.J.1    Biddle, G.C.2
  • 31
    • 0000050520 scopus 로고
    • Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives
    • Kahneman D., Miller D. T. Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives. Psychological Review. 93:1986;136-153.
    • (1986) Psychological Review , vol.93 , pp. 136-153
    • Kahneman, D.1    Miller, D.T.2
  • 32
    • 0001636453 scopus 로고
    • Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypotheses testing
    • Klayman J., Ha Y.-W. Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypotheses testing. Psychological Review. 94:1987;211-228.
    • (1987) Psychological Review , vol.94 , pp. 211-228
    • Klayman, J.1    Ha, Y.-W.2
  • 33
    • 0030118667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivated closing of the mind: "seizing" and "freezing."
    • Kruglanski A. W., Webster D. M. Motivated closing of the mind: "Seizing" and "freezing." Psychological Review. 103:1996;263-283.
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , pp. 263-283
    • Kruglanski, A.W.1    Webster, D.M.2
  • 35
    • 33751197582 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of preference between bids and choices in gambling decisions
    • Lichtenstein S., Slovic P. Reversal of preference between bids and choices in gambling decisions. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 89:1971;46-55.
    • (1971) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 46-55
    • Lichtenstein, S.1    Slovic, P.2
  • 36
    • 84970348558 scopus 로고
    • The rhetoric of irrationality
    • Lopes L. The rhetoric of irrationality. Theory and Psychology. 1:1991;65-82.
    • (1991) Theory and Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 65-82
    • Lopes, L.1
  • 37
    • 0002774574 scopus 로고
    • Assimilation and contrast as a function of people's willingness and ability to expend effort in forming an impression
    • Martin L. L., Seta J. J., Crelia R. A. Assimilation and contrast as a function of people's willingness and ability to expend effort in forming an impression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 59:1990;27-37.
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 27-37
    • Martin, L.L.1    Seta, J.J.2    Crelia, R.A.3
  • 38
    • 0001926609 scopus 로고
    • Beyond accessibility: The role of processing objectives in judgment
    • L. L. Martin, & A. Tesser. Hillsdale: Erlbaum
    • Martin L. L., Achee J. W. Beyond accessibility: The role of processing objectives in judgment. Martin L. L., Tesser A. The construction of social judgment. 1992;249-275 Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
    • (1992) The Construction of Social Judgment , pp. 249-275
    • Martin, L.L.1    Achee, J.W.2
  • 40
    • 0000374783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Der Aukereffekt in Abhāngigkeit von der Anwenelbarkeit ankerkonsistenter Information: Ein Modell Selektive Zugānglichkeit
    • Mussweiler T., Forster J., Strack F. Der Aukereffekt in Abhāngigkeit von der Anwenelbarkeit ankerkonsistenter Information: Ein Modell Selektive Zugānglichkeit. Zeitschrift fūr Experimentelle Psychologie. 44:1997;589-615.
    • (1997) Zeitschrift fūr Experimentelle Psychologie , vol.44 , pp. 589-615
    • Mussweiler, T.1    Forster, J.2    Strack, F.3
  • 42
    • 0000805967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing is believing: A selective accessibility model of judgmental anchoring
    • W. StroebeM. Hewstone, Chichester, England, Wiley
    • Mussweiler, T. Strack, F. Comparing is believing: A selective accessibility model of judgmental anchoring, W. StroebeM. Hewstone, European review of social psychology, 10, Chichester, England, Wiley.
    • European Review of Social Psychology , vol.10
    • Mussweiler, T.1    Strack, F.2
  • 43
    • 32344440683 scopus 로고
    • Experts, amateurs, and real estate: An anchoring-and-adjustment perspective on property pricing decisions
    • Northcraft G. B., Neale M. A. Experts, amateurs, and real estate: An anchoring-and-adjustment perspective on property pricing decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 39:1987;84-97.
    • (1987) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.39 , pp. 84-97
    • Northcraft, G.B.1    Neale, M.A.2
  • 44
    • 0002660193 scopus 로고
    • Thinking the unthinkable: The effects of anchoring on likelihood estimates of nuclear war
    • Plous S. Thinking the unthinkable: The effects of anchoring on likelihood estimates of nuclear war. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 19:1989;67-91.
    • (1989) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 67-91
    • Plous, S.1
  • 45
    • 0002363721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Der Rückschaufehler - Eine systematische Verfälschung der Erinnerung [The hindsight bias - A systematic memory distortion]
    • Pohl R. F. Der Rückschaufehler - Eine systematische Verfälschung der Erinnerung [The hindsight bias - A systematic memory distortion]. Report Psychologie. 21:1996;596-609.
    • (1996) Report Psychologie , vol.21 , pp. 596-609
    • Pohl, R.F.1
  • 46
    • 0000156960 scopus 로고
    • Overattribution and unit formation: When behavior engulfs the person
    • Quattrone G. A. Overattribution and unit formation: When behavior engulfs the person. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 42:1982;593-607.
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 593-607
    • Quattrone, G.A.1
  • 50
    • 77957059915 scopus 로고
    • Judgment in social context: Biases, shortcomings, and the logic of conversation
    • M. P. Zanna. San Diego: Academic Press
    • Schwarz N. Judgment in social context: Biases, shortcomings, and the logic of conversation. Zanna M. P. Advances in experimental social psychology. 1994;125-162 Academic Press, San Diego.
    • (1994) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , pp. 125-162
    • Schwarz, N.1
  • 51
    • 0001137319 scopus 로고
    • Constructing reality and its alternatives: An inclusion/exclusion model of assimilation and contrast effects in social judgment
    • L. L. Martin, & A. Tesser. Hillsdale: Erlbaum
    • Schwarz N., Bless H. Constructing reality and its alternatives: An inclusion/exclusion model of assimilation and contrast effects in social judgment. Martin L. L., Tesser A. The construction of social judgment. 1992;249-275 Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
    • (1992) The Construction of Social Judgment , pp. 249-275
    • Schwarz, N.1    Bless, H.2
  • 55
    • 38249034571 scopus 로고
    • Procedurally mediated social inferences: The case of category accessibility effects
    • Smith E. R., Branscombe N. R. Procedurally mediated social inferences: The case of category accessibility effects. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 23:1987;361-382.
    • (1987) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 361-382
    • Smith, E.R.1    Branscombe, N.R.2
  • 58
    • 0000419076 scopus 로고
    • The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: Some determinants and implications
    • Srull T. K., Wyer R. S. The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: Some determinants and implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 37:1979;1660-1672.
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 1660-1672
    • Srull, T.K.1    Wyer, R.S.2
  • 59
    • 0002814326 scopus 로고
    • The different routes to social judgments: Experiential versus informational strategies
    • L. L. Martin, & A. Tesser. Hillsdale: Erlbaum
    • Strack F. The different routes to social judgments: Experiential versus informational strategies. Martin L. L., Tesser A. The construction of social judgment. 1992;249-275 Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
    • (1992) The Construction of Social Judgment , pp. 249-275
    • Strack, F.1
  • 61
    • 0001793899 scopus 로고
    • Thinking, judging, and communicating: A process account of context effects in attitude surveys
    • H. J. Hippler, N. Schwarz, & S. Sudman. New York: Springer
    • Strack F., Martin L. L. Thinking, judging, and communicating: A process account of context effects in attitude surveys. Hippler H. J., Schwarz N., Sudman S. Social information processing and survey methodology. 1987;123-148 Springer, New York.
    • (1987) Social Information Processing and Survey Methodology , pp. 123-148
    • Strack, F.1    Martin, L.L.2
  • 62
    • 0031478080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the enigmatic anchoring effect: Mechanisms of selective accessibility
    • Strack F., Mussweiler T. Explaining the enigmatic anchoring effect: Mechanisms of selective accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 73:1997;437-446.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 437-446
    • Strack, F.1    Mussweiler, T.2
  • 64
    • 0001459661 scopus 로고
    • Judgment processes in motivation: Anchoring and adjustment effects on judgment and behavior
    • Switzer F. S., Sniezek J. A. Judgment processes in motivation: Anchoring and adjustment effects on judgment and behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 49:1991;208-229.
    • (1991) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.49 , pp. 208-229
    • Switzer, F.S.1    Sniezek, J.A.2
  • 65
    • 0002491344 scopus 로고
    • Confirmatory and diagnostic strategies in social information gathering
    • Trope Y., Bassok M. Confirmatory and diagnostic strategies in social information gathering. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 43:1982;22-34.
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 22-34
    • Trope, Y.1    Bassok, M.2
  • 66
    • 0002623849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social hypothesis testing: Cognitive and motivational factors
    • E. T. Higgins, & A. W. Kruglanski. New York: Guilford
    • Trope Y., Liberman A. Social hypothesis testing: Cognitive and motivational factors. Higgins E. T., Kruglanski A. W. Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles. 1996;239-270 Guilford, New York.
    • (1996) Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles , pp. 239-270
    • Trope, Y.1    Liberman, A.2
  • 67
    • 58149411184 scopus 로고
    • Features of similarity
    • Tversky A. Features of similarity. Psychological Review. 84:1977;327-352.
    • (1977) Psychological Review , vol.84 , pp. 327-352
    • Tversky, A.1
  • 68
    • 84971192646 scopus 로고
    • Studies of similarity
    • E. Rosen, & B. B. Lloyd. Hillsdale: Erlbaum
    • Tversky A., Gati I. Studies of similarity. Rosen E., Lloyd B. B. Cognition and categorization. 1978;79-97 Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
    • (1978) Cognition and Categorization , pp. 79-97
    • Tversky, A.1    Gati, I.2
  • 69
    • 34247529903 scopus 로고
    • Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability
    • Tversky A., Kahneman D. Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology. 5:1973;207-232.
    • (1973) Cognitive Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 207-232
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 70
    • 0016264378 scopus 로고
    • Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases
    • Tversky A., Kahneman D. Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science. 185:1974;1124-1130.
    • (1974) Science , vol.185 , pp. 1124-1130
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 71
    • 0000505675 scopus 로고
    • On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task
    • Wason P. C. On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 12:1960;129-140.
    • (1960) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.12 , pp. 129-140
    • Wason, P.C.1
  • 73
    • 0029202759 scopus 로고
    • Flexible correction processes in social judgment: The role of naive theories in corrections for perceived bias
    • Wegener D. T., Petty R. E. Flexible correction processes in social judgment: The role of naive theories in corrections for perceived bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 68:1995;36-51.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 36-51
    • Wegener, D.T.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 74
    • 77956766159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The flexible correction model: The role of naive theories of bias in bias correction
    • M. Zanna. San Diago: Academic Press
    • Wegener D. T., Petty R. E. The flexible correction model: The role of naive theories of bias in bias correction. Zanna M. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 1997;Academic Press, San Diago.
    • (1997) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
    • Wegener, D.T.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 75
    • 0028471543 scopus 로고
    • Mental contamination and mental correction: Unwanted influences on judgments and evaluations
    • Wilson T. D., Brekke N. Mental contamination and mental correction: unwanted influences on judgments and evaluations. Psychological Bulletin. 116:1994;117-142.
    • (1994) Psychological Bulletin , vol.116 , pp. 117-142
    • Wilson, T.D.1    Brekke, N.2
  • 78
    • 38249005468 scopus 로고
    • Effects of situation familiarity and financial incentives on use of the anchoring and adjustment heuristics for probability assessment
    • Wright W. F., Anderson U. Effects of situation familiarity and financial incentives on use of the anchoring and adjustment heuristics for probability assessment. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 44:1989;68-82.
    • (1989) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.44 , pp. 68-82
    • Wright, W.F.1    Anderson, U.2
  • 79
    • 4243437962 scopus 로고
    • Category ratings as "subjective expected values": Implications for attitude formation and change
    • Wyer R. S. Category ratings as "subjective expected values": Implications for attitude formation and change. Psychological Review. 80:1973;446-467.
    • (1973) Psychological Review , vol.80 , pp. 446-467
    • Wyer, R.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.