Attention, spatial integration, and the tail of response time distributions in Stroop task performance

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Volumn 65, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 135-150

  Roelofs, Ardi ^a  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Attention; Response time distribution; Spatial integration; Stroop task; Vocal responding

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; COLOR VISION; CONFLICT; DEPTH PERCEPTION; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; HUMAN; NORMAL DISTRIBUTION; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME; SEMANTICS; STROOP TEST;

ATTENTION; COLOR PERCEPTION; CONFLICT (PSYCHOLOGY); DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; HUMANS; NORMAL DISTRIBUTION; REACTION TIME; SEMANTICS; SPACE PERCEPTION; STROOP TEST; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84859342605     PISSN: 17470218     EISSN: 17470226     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2011.605152     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Aarts, E., Roelofs, A. and Van Turennout, M. 2009. Attentional control of task and response in lateral and medial frontal cortex: Brain activity and reaction time distributions. Neuropsychologia, 47: 2089-2099.
2. Aron, A. R., Monsell, S., Sahakian, B. J. and Robbins, T. W. 2004. A componential analysis of task-switching deficits associated with lesions of left and right frontal cortex. Brain, 127: 1561-1573.
3. Brown, S. and Heathcote, A. 2003. QMLE: Fast, robust, and efficient estimation of distribution functions based on quantiles. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 35: 485-492.
4. Duncan, J. 2010. How intelligence happens, Yale, CT: Yale University Press.
5. Glaser, W. R. and Düngelhoff, F.-J. 1984. The time course of picture-word interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10: 640-654.
6. Glaser, M. O. and Glaser, W. R. 1982. Time course analysis of the Stroop phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 8: 875-894.
7. Glaser, W. R. and Glaser, M. O. 1989. Context effects in Stroop-like word and picture processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118: 13-42.
8. Heathcote, A., Popiel, J. and Mewhort, D. J. K. 1991. Analysis of response time distributions: An example using the Stroop task. Psychological Bulletin, 109: 340-347.
9. Kane, M. J. and Engle, R. W. 2002. The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual-differences perspective. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 9: 637-671.
10. Long, G. M. and Lyman, B. J. 1987. Foveal and parafoveal processing of asynchronous Stroop stimuli. British Journal of Psychology, 78: 151-162.
11. Luce, R. D. 1986. Response times: Their role in inferring elementary mental organization, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
12. MacLeod, C. M. 1991. Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109: 163-203.
13. MacLeod, C. M. 1998. Training on integrated versus separated Stroop tasks: The progression of interference and facilitation. Memory & Cognition, 26: 201-211.
14. Mewhort, D. J. K., Braun, J. G. and Heathcote, A. 1992. Response time distributions and the Stroop task: A test of the Cohen, Dunbar, and McClelland (1990) model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18: 872-882.
15. Monsell, S. 2005. "The chronometrics of task-set control". In Measuring the mind: Speed, control, and age, Edited by: Duncan, In J., Phillips, L. and McLeod, P. 161-190. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
16. Monsell, S., Taylor, T. J. and Murphy, K. 2001. Naming the color of a word: Is it responses or task sets that compete?. Memory and Cognition, 29: 137-151.
17. Ratcliff, R. 1979. Group reaction time distributions and an analysis of distribution statistics. Psychological Bulletin, 86: 446-461.
18. Ratcliff, R. and Smith, P. L. 2004. A comparison of sequential sampling models for two-choice reaction time. Psychological Review, 111: 333-367.
19. Roelofs, A. 2003. Goal-referenced selection of verbal action: Modeling attentional control in the Stroop task. Psychological Review, 110: 88-125.
20. Roelofs, A. 2005. The visual-auditory color-word Stroop asymmetry and its time course. Memory and Cognition, 33: 1325-1336.
21. Roelofs, A. 2008. Dynamics of the attentional control of word retrieval: Analyses of response time distributions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137: 303-323.
22. Roelofs, A. 2010. Attention and facilitation: Converging information versus inadvertent reading in Stroop task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 36: 411-422.
23. Rogers, R. D. and Monsell, S. 1995. Costs of a predictable switch between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124: 207-231.
24. Schmiedek, F., Oberauer, K., Wilhelm, O., Suss, H. M. and Wittmann, W. W. 2007. Individual differences in components of reaction time distributions and their relations to working memory and intelligence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136: 414-429.
25. Spieler, D. H. 2001. Modelling age-related changes in information processing. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 13: 217-234.
26. Spieler, D. H., Balota, D. A. and Faust, M. E. 1996. Stroop performance in healthy younger and older adults and in individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22: 461-479.
27. Spieler, D. H., Balota, D. A. and Faust, M. E. 2000. Levels of selective attention revealed through analyses of reaction time distributions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26: 506-526.
28. Steinhauser, M. and Hübner, R. 2009. Distinguishing response conflict and task conflict in the Stroop task: Evidence from ex-Gaussian distribution analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35: 1398-1412.
29. Stroop, J. R. 1935. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18: 643-662.
30. Sugg, M. J. and McDonald, J. E. 1994. Time course of inhibition in color-response and word-response versions of the Stroop task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20: 647-675.
31. Tse, C. S., Balota, D. A., Yap, M. J., Duchek, J. M. and McCabe, D. P. 2010. Effects of healthy aging and early stage dementia of the Alzheimer's type on components of response time distributions in three attentional tasks. Neuropsychology, 24: 300-315.
32. Ulrich, R. and Miller, J. 1994. Effects of truncation on reaction time analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 123: 34-80.
33. Unsworth, N., Redick, T. S., Lakey, C. E. and Young, D. L. 2010. Lapses in sustained attention and their relation to executive control and fluid abilities: An individual differences investigation. Intelligence, 38: 111-122.
34. Wilhelm, O. and Oberauer, K. 2006. Why are reasoning ability and working memory capacity related to mental speed? An investigation of stimulus-response compatibility in choice-reaction-time tasks. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 18: 18-50.
35. Wundt, W. 1904. Principles of physiological psychology, London, UK: Swan Sonnenschein.