Moderate glucose control results in less negative nitrogen balances in medical intensive care unit patients: A randomized, controlled study

Critical Care

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2012, Pages

  Hsu, Chien Wei ^a,b   Sun, Shu Fen ^a,b   Lin, Shoa Lin ^a,b   Huang, Hsiu Hua ^c   Wong, Kam Fai ^d  

^a KAOHSIUNG VETERANS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^b NATIONAL YANG MING UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c TAIPEI VETERANS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^d NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KAOHSIUNG   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CREATININE; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; NITROGEN; PREALBUMIN; SERUM ALBUMIN; UREA; ALBUMINOID; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING; CALORIC INTAKE; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; CREATININE CLEARANCE; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; INSULIN TREATMENT; INTENSIVE CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NITROGEN BALANCE; NITROGEN URINE LEVEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN INTAKE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UREA NITROGEN URINE LEVEL; URINE LEVEL; URINE VOLUME; AGED; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CRITICAL ILLNESS; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; METABOLISM; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; PROSPECTIVE STUDY;

AGED; ALBUMINS; BLOOD GLUCOSE; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CRITICAL ILLNESS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INSULIN; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; MALE; NITROGEN; PREALBUMIN; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC;

EID: 84859317726     PISSN: 13648535     EISSN: 1466609X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/cc11299     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Levetan CS, Passaro M, Jablonski K, Kass M, Ratner RE. Unrecognized diabetes among hospitalized patients. Diabetes Care 1998, 21:246-249. 10.2337/diacare.21.2.246, 9539990.
2. Umpierrez GE, Isaacs SD, Bazargan N, You X, Thaler LM, Kitabchi AE. Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87:978-982. 10.1210/jc.87.3.978, 11889147.
3. Mizock BA. Alterations in fuel metabolism in critical illness: hyperglycaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001, 15:533-551. 10.1053/beem.2001.0168, 11800522.
4. Robinson LE, van Soeren MH. Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in critical illness: role of insulin in glycemic control. AACN Clin Issues 2004, 15:45-62. 10.1097/00044067-200401000-00004, 14767364.
5. Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F, Schetz M, Vlasselaers D, Ferdinande P, Lauwers P, Bouillon R. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:1359-1367. 10.1056/NEJMoa011300, 11794168.
6. McCowen KC, Malhotra A, Bistrian BR. Stress-induced hyperglycemia. Crit Care Clin 2001, 17:107-124. 10.1016/S0749-0704(05)70154-8, 11219223.
7. Van den Berghe G, Wouters PJ, Bouillon R, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Schetz M, Vlasselaers D, Ferdinande P, Lauwers P. Outcome benefit of intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill: insulin dose vs. glycemic control. Crit Care Med 2003, 31:359-366. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000045568.12881.10, 12576937.
8. Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, Meersseman W, Wouters PJ, Milants I, Van Wijngaerden E, Bobbaers H, Bouillon R. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:449-461. 10.1056/NEJMoa052521, 16452557.
9. Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F, Meier-Hellmann A, Ragaller M, Weiler N, Moerer O, Gruendling M, Oppert M, Grond S, Olthoff D, Jaschinski U, John S, Rossaint R, Welte T, Schaefer M, Kern P, Kuhnt E, Kiehntopf M, Hartog C, Natanson C, Loeffler M, Reinhart K, . German Competence Network Sepsis (SepNet) Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2008, 358:125-139. 10.1056/NEJMoa070716, 18184958, German Competence Network Sepsis (SepNet).
10. De La Rosa Gdel C, Donado JH, Restrepo AH, Quintero AM, González LG, Saldarriaga NE, Bedoya M, Toro JM, Velásquez JB, Valencia JC, Arango CM, Aleman PH, Vasquez EM, Chavarriaga JC, Yepes A, Pulido W, Cadavid CA, . Grupo de Investigacion en Cuidado intensivo GICI-HPTU Strict glycaemic control in patients hospitalised in a mixed medical and surgical intensive care unit: a randomised clinical trial. Crit Care 2008, 12:R120. 10.1186/cc7017, 2592751, 18799004, Grupo de Investigacion en Cuidado intensivo GICI-HPTU.
11. Arabi YM, Dabbagh OC, Tamim HM, Al-Shimemeri AA, Memish ZA, Haddad SH, Syed SJ, Giridhar HR, Rishu AH, Al-Daker MO, Kahoul SH, Britts RJ, Sakkijha MH. Intensive versus conventional insulin therapy: a randomized controlled trial in medical and surgical critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2008, 36:3190-3197. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31818f21aa, 18936702.
12. Preiser JC, Devos P, Ruiz-Santana S, Mélot C, Annane D, Groeneveld J, Iapichino G, Leverve X, Nitenberg G, Singer P, Wernerman J, Joannidis M, Stecher A, Chioléro R. A prospective randomised multi-centre controlled trial on tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy in adult intensive care units: the Glucontrol study. Intensive Care Med 2009, 35:1738-1748. 10.1007/s00134-009-1585-2, 19636533.
13. Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, Blair D, Foster D, Dhingra V, Bellomo R, Cook D, Dodek P, Henderson WR, Hébert PC, Heritier S, Heyland DK, McArthur C, McDonald E, Mitchell I, Myburgh JA, Norton R, Potter J, Robinson BG, Ronco JJ. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:1283-1297.
14. Bhamidipati CM, LaPar DJ, Stukenborg GJ, Morrison CC, Kern JA, Kron IL, Ailawadi G. Superiority of moderate control of hyperglycemia to tight control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011, 141:543-551. 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.10.005, 3099050, 21163498.
15. Jeschke MG, Kraft R, Emdad F, Kulp GA, Williams FN, Herndon DN. Glucose control in severely thermally injured pediatric patients: what glucose range should be the target?. Ann Surg 2010, 252:521-528.
16. Hasselgren PO, James JH, Benson DW, Hall-Angerås M, Angerås U, Hiyama DT, Li S, Fischer JE. Total and myofibrillar protein breakdown in different types of rat skeletal muscle: effects of sepsis and regulation by insulin. Metabolism 1989, 38:634-640. 10.1016/0026-0495(89)90100-5, 2661965.
17. Vary TC, Kimball SR. Sepsis-induced changes in protein synthesis: differential effects on fast- and slow-twitch muscles. Am J Physiol 1992, 262:C1513-C1519.
18. Btaiche IF, Chan LN, Pleva M, Kraft MD. Critical illness, gastrointestinal complications, and medication therapy during enteral feeding in critically ill adult patients. Nutr Clin Pract 2010, 25:32-49. 10.1177/0884533609357565, 20130156.
19. Almdal TP, Vilstrup H. Strict insulin therapy normalises organ nitrogen contents and the capacity of urea nitrogen synthesis in experimental diabetes in rats. Diabetologia 1988, 31:114-118. 10.1007/BF00395558, 3282951.
20. Woolfson AM, Heatley RV, Allison SP. Insulin to inhibit protein catabolism after injury. N Engl J Med 1979, 300:14-17. 10.1056/NEJM197901043000104, 362213.
21. Shiozaki T, Tasaki O, Ohnishi M, Nishimura T, Hiraide A, Shimazu T, Yoshioka T, Sugimoto H. Paradoxical positive nitrogen balance in burn patients receiving high-dose administration of insulin for nutritional care. Surgery 1997, 122:527-533. 10.1016/S0039-6060(97)90124-0, 9308609.
22. Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, Mehta RL, Palevsky P, . Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Workgroup Acute renal failure - definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) group. Crit Care 2004, 8:R204-R212. 10.1186/cc2872, 522841, 15312219, Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Workgroup.
23. Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Drover JW, Gramlich L, Dodek P, . Canadian Critical Care Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adults patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003, 27:355-373. 10.1177/0148607103027005355, 12971736, Canadian Critical Care Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee.
24. Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H, Gerlach H, Calandra T, Cohen J, Gea-Banacloche J, Keh D, Marshall JC, Parker MM, Ramsay G, Zimmerman JL, Vincent JL, Levy MM, . Surviving Sepsis Campaign Management Guideline Committee Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 2004, 32:858-873. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000117317.18092.E4, 15090974, Surviving Sepsis Campaign Management Guideline Committee.
25. Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E, Angus D, Cook D, Cohen J, Opal SM, Vincent JL, Ramsay G, . International Sepsis Definitions Conference 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Intensive Care Med 2003, 29:530-538. International Sepsis Definitions Conference.
26. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976, 16:31-41. 10.1159/000180580, 1244564.
27. Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control 1988, 16:128-140. 10.1016/0196-6553(88)90053-3, 2841893.
28. Blackburn GL, Bistrian BR, Maini BS, Schlamm HT, Smith MF. Nutritional and metabolic assessment of the hospitalized patient. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1977, 1:11-22. 10.1177/014860717700100111, 98649.
29. Pingleton SK. Nutrition in chronic critical illness. Clin Chest Med 2001, 22:149-163. 10.1016/S0272-5231(05)70031-9, 11315453.
30. Japur CC, Monteiro JP, Marchini JS, Garcia RW, Basile-Filho A. Can an adequate energy intake be able to reverse the negative nitrogen balance in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients?. J Crit Care 2010, 25:445-450. 10.1016/j.jcrc.2009.05.009, 19682853.
31. Jivnani S, Iyer S, Umakumar K, Gore MA. Impact of enteral nutrition on nitrogen balance in patients of trauma. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2010, 3:109-114. 10.4103/0974-2700.62101, 2884438, 20606784.
32. Bellomo R, Seacombe J, Daskalakis M, Farmer M, Wright C, Parkin G, Boyce N. A prospective comparative study of moderate versus high protein intake for critically ill patients with acute renal failure. Ren Fail 1997, 19:111-120. 10.3109/08860229709026265, 9044457.
33. Castellino P, Luzi L, Simonson DC, Haymond M, DeFronzo RA. Effect of insulin and plasma amino acid concentrations on leucine metabolism in man. Role of substrate availability on estimates of whole body protein synthesis. J Clin Invest 1987, 80:1784-1793. 10.1172/JCI113272, 442454, 3316280.
34. Fukagawa NK, Minaker KL, Rowe JW, Goodman MN, Matthews DE, Bier DM, Young VR. Insulin-mediated reduction of whole body protein breakdown. Dose-response effects on leucine metabolism in postabsorptive men. J Clin Invest 1985, 76:2306-2311. 10.1172/JCI112240, 424354, 3908486.
35. Nair KS, Ford GC, Ekberg K, Fernqvist-Forbes E, Wahren J. Protein dynamics in whole body and in splanchnic and leg tissues in type I diabetic patients. J Clin Invest 1995, 95:2926-2937. 10.1172/JCI118000, 295981, 7769135.
36. Biolo G, Declan Fleming RY, Wolfe RR. Physiologic hyperinsulinemia stimulates protein synthesis and enhances transport of selected amino acids in human skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest 1995, 95:811-819. 10.1172/JCI117731, 295560, 7860765.
37. Tessari P, Inchiostro S, Biolo G, Trevisan R, Fantin G, Marescotti MC, Iori E, Tiengo A, Crepaldi G. Differential effects of hyperinsulinemia and hyperaminoacidemia on leucine-carbon metabolism in vivo. Evidence for distinct mechanisms in regulation of net amino acid deposition. J Clin Invest 1987, 79:1062-1069. 10.1172/JCI112919, 424284, 3549777.
38. Van den Berghe G. How dose blood glucose control with insulin save lives in intensive care?. J Clin Invest 2004, 114:1187-1195. 524243, 15520847.
39. Brismar K, Fernqvist-Forbes E, Wahren J, Hall K. Effect of insulin on the hepatic production of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), IGFBP-3, and IGF-I in insulin-dependent diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994, 79:872-878. 10.1210/jc.79.3.872, 7521354.
40. Núñez M, Urdaneta E, Santidrián S. Effect of insulin-like growth factor-I on nitrogen balance and intestinal galactose transport in rats with moderate liver cirrhosis. Br J Nutr 2003, 90:929-937. 10.1079/BJN2003974, 14667186.
41. Rennie MJ. Muscle protein turnover and the wasting due to injury and disease. Br Med Bull 1985, 41:257-264.
42. Wilmore DW. Catabolic illness. Strategies for enhancing recovery. N Engl J Med 1991, 325:695-702. 10.1056/NEJM199109053251005, 1908058.
43. Van den Berghe G, de Zegher F, Veldhuis JD, Wouters P, Awouters M, Verbruggen W, Schetz M, Verwaest C, Lauwers P, Bouillon R, Bowers CY. The somatotropic axis in critical illness: effect of continuous growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and GH-relaesing peptide-2 infusion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997, 82:590-599. 10.1210/jc.82.2.590, 9024260.
44. Frost RA, Lang CH, Gelato MC. Transient exposure of human myoblasts to tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits serum and insulin-like growth factors-I stimulated protein synthesis. Endocrinology 1997, 138:4153-4159. 10.1210/en.138.10.4153, 9322924.
45. Timmins AC, Cotterill AM, Hughes SC, Holly JM, Ross RJ, Blum W, Hinds CJ. Critical illness is associated with low circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factors-I and -II, alterations in insulin-like growth hormone factors binding proteins, and induction of an insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 protease. Crit Care Med 1996, 24:1460-1466. 10.1097/00003246-199609000-00006, 8797616.
46. Jeschke MG, Einspanier R, Klein D, Jauch KW. Insulin attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to thermal trauma. Mol Med 2002, 8:443-450. 2040014, 12435855.
47. Jeschke MG, Klein D, Herndon DN. Insulin treatment improves the systemic inflammatory reaction to severe trauma. Ann Surg 2004, 239:553-560. 10.1097/01.sla.0000118569.10289.ad, 1356261, 15024317.
48. Don BR, Kaysen G. Serum albumin: relationship to inflammation and nutrition. Semin Dial 2004, 17:432-437. 10.1111/j.0894-0959.2004.17603.x, 15660573.
49. Wolfe RR. Regulation of skeletal muscle protein metabolism in catabolic states. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2005, 8:61-65. 10.1097/00075197-200501000-00009, 15586001.
50. Flakoll PJ, Hill JO, Abumrad NN. Acute hyperglycemia enhances proteolysis in normal man. Am J Physiol 1993, 265:E715-E721.
51. Whyte MB, Jackson NC, Shojaee-Moradie F, Treacher DF, Beale RJ, Jones RH, Umpleby AM. Metabolic effects of intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010, 298:E697-E705. 10.1152/ajpendo.00407.2009, 20028969.
52. Boulétreau P, Chassard D, Allaouchiche B, Dumont JC, Auboyer C, Bertin-Maghit M, Bricard H, Ecochard R, Rangaraj J, Chambrier C, Schneid C, Cynober L. Glucose-lipid ratio is a determinant of nitrogen balance during total parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a prospective, randomized, multicenter blind trial with an intention-to-treat analysis. Intensive Care Med 2005, 31:1394-1400. 10.1007/s00134-005-2771-5, 16132885.
53. Wiener RS, Wiener DC, Larson RJ. Benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2008, 300:933-944. 10.1001/jama.300.8.933, 18728267.