메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages

Extensive genetic diversity, unique population structure and evidence of genetic exchange in the sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

METRONIDAZOLE; ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENT; MICROSATELLITE DNA;

EID: 84859193494     PISSN: 19352727     EISSN: 19352735     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001573     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (83)

References (66)
  • 2
    • 1342280969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000
    • Weinstock H, Berman S, Cates W Jr, (2004) Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 36: 6-10.
    • (2004) Perspect Sex Reprod Health , vol.36 , pp. 6-10
    • Weinstock, H.1    Berman, S.2    Cates Jr., W.3
  • 3
    • 33845700330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial Commentary: Trichomonas vaginalis Infection: The Most Prevalent Nonviral Sexually Transmitted Infection Receives the Least Public Health Attention
    • Van Der Pol B, (2007) Editorial Commentary: Trichomonas vaginalis Infection: The Most Prevalent Nonviral Sexually Transmitted Infection Receives the Least Public Health Attention. Clin Infect Dis 44: 23-25.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , pp. 23-25
    • Van Der Pol, B.1
  • 4
    • 77953025906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention or treatment: the benefits of Trichomonas vaginalis vaccine
    • Cudmore SL, Garber GE, (2010) Prevention or treatment: the benefits of Trichomonas vaginalis vaccine. J Infect Public Health 3: 47-53.
    • (2010) J Infect Public Health , vol.3 , pp. 47-53
    • Cudmore, S.L.1    Garber, G.E.2
  • 5
    • 0033811563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichomonas vaginalis epidemiology: parameterising and analysing a model of treatment interventions
    • Bowden FJ, Garnett GP, (2000) Trichomonas vaginalis epidemiology: parameterising and analysing a model of treatment interventions. Sex Transm Infect 76: 248-256.
    • (2000) Sex Transm Infect , vol.76 , pp. 248-256
    • Bowden, F.J.1    Garnett, G.P.2
  • 6
    • 28844484777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, Incidence, Natural History, and Response to Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Adolescent Women
    • Van Der Pol B, Williams JA, Orr DP, Batteiger BE, Fortenberry JD, (2005) Prevalence, Incidence, Natural History, and Response to Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Adolescent Women. Journal of Infectious Diseases 192: 2039-2044.
    • (2005) Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol.192 , pp. 2039-2044
    • Van Der Pol, B.1    Williams, J.A.2    Orr, D.P.3    Batteiger, B.E.4    Fortenberry, J.D.5
  • 9
    • 33751522281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The associations between pelvic inflammatory disease, Trichomonas vaginalis infection, and positive herpes simplex virus type 2 serology
    • Cherpes TL, Wiesenfeld HC, Melan MA, Kant JA, Cosentino LA, et al. (2006) The associations between pelvic inflammatory disease, Trichomonas vaginalis infection, and positive herpes simplex virus type 2 serology. Sex Transm Dis 33: 747-752.
    • (2006) Sex Transm Dis , vol.33 , pp. 747-752
    • Cherpes, T.L.1    Wiesenfeld, H.C.2    Melan, M.A.3    Kant, J.A.4    Cosentino, L.A.5
  • 10
    • 0037082959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichomonas vaginalis Is Associated with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Women Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    • Moodley P, Wilkinson D, Connolly C, Moodley J, Sturm AW, (2002) Trichomonas vaginalis Is Associated with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Women Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis 34: 519-522.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 519-522
    • Moodley, P.1    Wilkinson, D.2    Connolly, C.3    Moodley, J.4    Sturm, A.W.5
  • 11
    • 17444448942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichomonas vaginalis associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group
    • Cotch MF, Pastorek JG 2nd, Nugent RP, Hillier SL, Gibbs RS, et al. (1997) Trichomonas vaginalis associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group. Sex Transm Dis 24: 353-360.
    • (1997) Sex Transm Dis , vol.24 , pp. 353-360
    • Cotch, M.F.1    Pastorek II, J.G.2    Nugent, R.P.3    Hillier, S.L.4    Gibbs, R.S.5
  • 12
    • 70350514580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of Trichomonas vaginalis infection and prostate cancer incidence and mortality: Physicians' Health Study
    • Stark JR, Judson G, Alderete JF, Mundodi V, Kucknoor AS, et al. (2009) Prospective study of Trichomonas vaginalis infection and prostate cancer incidence and mortality: Physicians' Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 101: 1406-1411.
    • (2009) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.101 , pp. 1406-1411
    • Stark, J.R.1    Judson, G.2    Alderete, J.F.3    Mundodi, V.4    Kucknoor, A.S.5
  • 13
    • 33847012193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition
    • McClelland RS, Sangare L, Hassan WM, Lavreys L, Mandaliya K, et al. (2007) Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition. J Infect Dis 195: 698-702.
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.195 , pp. 698-702
    • McClelland, R.S.1    Sangare, L.2    Hassan, W.M.3    Lavreys, L.4    Mandaliya, K.5
  • 14
    • 21544480287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichomonas vaginalis-induced epithelial monolayer disruption and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication: implications for the sexual transmission of HIV-1
    • Guenthner PC, Secor WE, Dezzutti CS, (2005) Trichomonas vaginalis-induced epithelial monolayer disruption and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication: implications for the sexual transmission of HIV-1. Infect Immun 73: 4155-4160.
    • (2005) Infect Immun , vol.73 , pp. 4155-4160
    • Guenthner, P.C.1    Secor, W.E.2    Dezzutti, C.S.3
  • 15
    • 0035198731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichomonas vaginalis, HIV, and African-Americans
    • Sorvillo F, Smith L, Kerndt P, Ash L, (2001) Trichomonas vaginalis, HIV, and African-Americans. Emerg Infect Dis 7: 927-932.
    • (2001) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 927-932
    • Sorvillo, F.1    Smith, L.2    Kerndt, P.3    Ash, L.4
  • 16
    • 78650796041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichomonasvirus: a new genus of protozoan viruses in the family Totiviridae
    • Goodman RP, Ghabrial SA, Fichorova RN, Nibert ML, (2011) Trichomonasvirus: a new genus of protozoan viruses in the family Totiviridae. Arch Virol 156: 171-179.
    • (2011) Arch Virol , vol.156 , pp. 171-179
    • Goodman, R.P.1    Ghabrial, S.A.2    Fichorova, R.N.3    Nibert, M.L.4
  • 17
  • 18
    • 0035010668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug susceptibility testing of anaerobic protozoa
    • Upcroft JA, Upcroft P, (2001) Drug susceptibility testing of anaerobic protozoa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45: 1810-1814.
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 1810-1814
    • Upcroft, J.A.1    Upcroft, P.2
  • 19
    • 0034468373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular typing of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by HSP70 restriction fragment length polymorphism
    • Stiles JK, Shah PH, Xue L, Meade JC, Lushbaugh WB, et al. (2000) Molecular typing of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by HSP70 restriction fragment length polymorphism. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 441-445.
    • (2000) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.62 , pp. 441-445
    • Stiles, J.K.1    Shah, P.H.2    Xue, L.3    Meade, J.C.4    Lushbaugh, W.B.5
  • 20
    • 59649111993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic Diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates Determined by EcoRI Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of Heat-Shock Protein 70 Genes
    • Meade JC, de Mestral J, Stiles JK, Secor WE, Finley RW, et al. (2009) Genetic Diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates Determined by EcoRI Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of Heat-Shock Protein 70 Genes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 245-251.
    • (2009) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.80 , pp. 245-251
    • Meade, J.C.1    de Mestral, J.2    Stiles, J.K.3    Secor, W.E.4    Finley, R.W.5
  • 21
    • 2642701739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Trichomonad Species and Strains by PCR Fingerprinting
    • Vanacova S, Tachezy JAN, Kulda J, Flegr J, (1997) Characterization of Trichomonad Species and Strains by PCR Fingerprinting. J Eukaryot Microbiol 44: 545-552.
    • (1997) J Eukaryot Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 545-552
    • Vanacova, S.1    Tachezy, J.A.N.2    Kulda, J.3    Flegr, J.4
  • 22
    • 0033889698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular Epidemiology of Metronidazole Resistance in a Population of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates
    • Snipes LJ, Gamard PM, Narcisi EM, Beard CB, Lehmann T, et al. (2000) Molecular Epidemiology of Metronidazole Resistance in a Population of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates. J Clin Microbiol 38: 3004-3009.
    • (2000) J Clin Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 3004-3009
    • Snipes, L.J.1    Gamard, P.M.2    Narcisi, E.M.3    Beard, C.B.4    Lehmann, T.5
  • 23
    • 1542378934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variability between Trichomonas vaginalis isolates and correlation with clinical presentation
    • Rojas L, Fraga J, Sariego I, (2004) Genetic variability between Trichomonas vaginalis isolates and correlation with clinical presentation. Infect Genet Evol 4: 53-58.
    • (2004) Infect Genet Evol , vol.4 , pp. 53-58
    • Rojas, L.1    Fraga, J.2    Sariego, I.3
  • 24
    • 2442615065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichomonas vaginalis: random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women in India
    • Kaul P, Gupta I, Sehgal R, Malla N, (2004) Trichomonas vaginalis: random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women in India. Parasitology International 53: 255-262.
    • (2004) Parasitology International , vol.53 , pp. 255-262
    • Kaul, P.1    Gupta, I.2    Sehgal, R.3    Malla, N.4
  • 25
    • 1542342934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concordance between genetic relatedness and phenotypic similarities of Trichomonas vaginalis strains
    • Hampl V, Vanacova S, Kulda J, Flegr J, (2001) Concordance between genetic relatedness and phenotypic similarities of Trichomonas vaginalis strains. BMC Evol Biol 1: 11.
    • (2001) BMC Evol Biol , vol.1 , pp. 11
    • Hampl, V.1    Vanacova, S.2    Kulda, J.3    Flegr, J.4
  • 26
    • 78049448091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite polymorphism in the sexually transmitted human pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis indicates a genetically diverse parasite
    • Conrad M, Zubacova Z, Dunn LA, Upcroft J, Sullivan SA, et al. (2011) Microsatellite polymorphism in the sexually transmitted human pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis indicates a genetically diverse parasite. Mol Biochem Parasitol 175: 30-38.
    • (2011) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.175 , pp. 30-38
    • Conrad, M.1    Zubacova, Z.2    Dunn, L.A.3    Upcroft, J.4    Sullivan, S.A.5
  • 27
    • 0001419545 scopus 로고
    • The establishment of various trichomonads of animals and man in axenic cultures
    • Diamond LS, (1957) The establishment of various trichomonads of animals and man in axenic cultures. J Parasitol 43: 488-490.
    • (1957) J Parasitol , vol.43 , pp. 488-490
    • Diamond, L.S.1
  • 28
    • 0025921638 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of an InPouch TV culture method for diagnosing Trichomonas vaginalis infection
    • Borchardt KA, Smith RF, (1991) An evaluation of an InPouch TV culture method for diagnosing Trichomonas vaginalis infection. Genitourin Med 67: 149-152.
    • (1991) Genitourin Med , vol.67 , pp. 149-152
    • Borchardt, K.A.1    Smith, R.F.2
  • 29
    • 0001201423 scopus 로고
    • Trichomonas vagnialis: repeated DNA target for highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction diagnosis
    • Kengne P, Veas F, Vidal N, Rey J, Cuny G, (1994) Trichomonas vagnialis: repeated DNA target for highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction diagnosis. Cell Mol Biol 40: 819-831.
    • (1994) Cell Mol Biol , vol.40 , pp. 819-831
    • Kengne, P.1    Veas, F.2    Vidal, N.3    Rey, J.4    Cuny, G.5
  • 30
    • 32344448313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of an Adaptation of a Commercially Available PCR Assay Aimed at Diagnosis of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea To Detect Trichomonas vaginalis in Urogenital Specimens
    • Van Der Pol B, Kraft CS, Williams JA, (2006) Use of an Adaptation of a Commercially Available PCR Assay Aimed at Diagnosis of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea To Detect Trichomonas vaginalis in Urogenital Specimens. J Clin Microbiol 44: 366-373.
    • (2006) J Clin Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 366-373
    • van der Pol, B.1    Kraft, C.S.2    Williams, J.A.3
  • 31
    • 34250373335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time PCRs for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis β-tubulin and 18S rRNA genes in female genital specimens
    • Simpson P, Higgins G, Qiao M, Waddell R, Kok T, (2007) Real-time PCRs for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis β-tubulin and 18S rRNA genes in female genital specimens. J Med Microbiol 56: 772-777.
    • (2007) J Med Microbiol , vol.56 , pp. 772-777
    • Simpson, P.1    Higgins, G.2    Qiao, M.3    Waddell, R.4    Kok, T.5
  • 32
    • 55049110388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium vivax: microsatellite analysis of multiple-clone infections
    • Havryliuk T, Orjuela-Sanchez P, Ferreira MU, (2008) Plasmodium vivax: microsatellite analysis of multiple-clone infections. Exp Parasitol 120: 330-336.
    • (2008) Exp Parasitol , vol.120 , pp. 330-336
    • Havryliuk, T.1    Orjuela-Sanchez, P.2    Ferreira, M.U.3
  • 33
    • 0033795404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite Markers Reveal a Spectrum of Population Structures in the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum
    • Anderson TJC, Haubold B, Williams JT, Estrada-Franco JG, Richardson L, et al. (2000) Microsatellite Markers Reveal a Spectrum of Population Structures in the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biol Evol 17: 1467-1482.
    • (2000) Mol Biol Evol , vol.17 , pp. 1467-1482
    • Anderson, T.J.C.1    Haubold, B.2    Williams, J.T.3    Estrada-Franco, J.G.4    Richardson, L.5
  • 34
    • 0032799007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twelve microsatellite markers for characterization of Plasmodium falciparum from finger-prick blood samples
    • Anderson TJ, Su XZ, Bockarie M, Lagog M, Day KP, (1999) Twelve microsatellite markers for characterization of Plasmodium falciparum from finger-prick blood samples. Parasitology 119 (Pt 2): 113-125.
    • (1999) Parasitology , vol.119 , Issue.Pt 2 , pp. 113-125
    • Anderson, T.J.1    Su, X.Z.2    Bockarie, M.3    Lagog, M.4    Day, K.P.5
  • 35
    • 54949147974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ADZE: a rarefaction approach for counting alleles private to combinations of populations
    • Szpiech ZA, Jakobsson M, Rosenberg NA, (2008) ADZE: a rarefaction approach for counting alleles private to combinations of populations. Bioinformatics 24: 2498-2504.
    • (2008) Bioinformatics , vol.24 , pp. 2498-2504
    • Szpiech, Z.A.1    Jakobsson, M.2    Rosenberg, N.A.3
  • 36
    • 85007110786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arlequin (version 3.0): An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis
    • Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S, (2005) Arlequin (version 3.0): An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol Bioinform Online 1: 47-50.
    • (2005) Evol Bioinform Online , vol.1 , pp. 47-50
    • Excoffier, L.1    Laval, G.2    Schneider, S.3
  • 37
    • 0029759465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High level of genetic differentiation for allelic richness among populations of the argan tree [Argania spinosa; (L.) Skeels] endemic to Morocco
    • Mousadik A, Petit RJ, (1996) High level of genetic differentiation for allelic richness among populations of the argan tree [Argania spinosa; (L.) Skeels] endemic to Morocco. TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics 92: 832-839.
    • (1996) TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics , vol.92 , pp. 832-839
    • Mousadik, A.1    Petit, R.J.2
  • 38
    • 85007320774 scopus 로고
    • FSTAT (Version 1.2): A Computer Program to Calculate F-Statistics
    • Goudet J, (1995) FSTAT (Version 1.2): A Computer Program to Calculate F-Statistics. J Hered 86: 485-486.
    • (1995) J Hered , vol.86 , pp. 485-486
    • Goudet, J.1
  • 39
    • 0034118493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data
    • Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P, (2000) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155: 945-959.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 945-959
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Stephens, M.2    Donnelly, P.3
  • 40
    • 33750437374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clines, Clusters, and the Effect of Study Design on the Inference of Human Population Structure
    • Rosenberg NA, Mahajan S, Ramachandran S, Zhao C, Pritchard JK, et al. (2005) Clines, Clusters, and the Effect of Study Design on the Inference of Human Population Structure. PLoS Genet 1: e70.
    • (2005) PLoS Genet , vol.1
    • Rosenberg, N.A.1    Mahajan, S.2    Ramachandran, S.3    Zhao, C.4    Pritchard, J.K.5
  • 41
    • 0029149631 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial Portraits of Human Populations Using Median Networks
    • Bandelt HJ, Forster P, Sykes BC, Richards MB, (1995) Mitochondrial Portraits of Human Populations Using Median Networks. Genetics 141: 743-753.
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.141 , pp. 743-753
    • Bandelt, H.J.1    Forster, P.2    Sykes, B.C.3    Richards, M.B.4
  • 42
    • 33645816587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of methods for amino acid matrix selection and their use on empirical data shows that ad hoc assumptions for choice of matrix are not justified
    • Keane T, Creevey C, Pentony M, Naughton T, Mclnerney J, (2006) Assessment of methods for amino acid matrix selection and their use on empirical data shows that ad hoc assumptions for choice of matrix are not justified. BMC Evolutionary Biology 6: 29.
    • (2006) BMC Evolutionary Biology , vol.6 , pp. 29
    • Keane, T.1    Creevey, C.2    Pentony, M.3    Naughton, T.4    McLnerney, J.5
  • 43
    • 0242578620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Simple, Fast, and Accurate Algorithm to Estimate Large Phylogenies by Maximum Likelihood
    • Guindon S, Gascuel O, (2003) A Simple, Fast, and Accurate Algorithm to Estimate Large Phylogenies by Maximum Likelihood. Syst Biol 52: 696-704.
    • (2003) Syst Biol , vol.52 , pp. 696-704
    • Guindon, S.1    Gascuel, O.2
  • 44
    • 74549125386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SeaView version 4: A multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building
    • Gouy M, Guindon S, Gascuel O, (2010) SeaView version 4: A multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building. Mol Biol Evol 27: 221-224.
    • (2010) Mol Biol Evol , vol.27 , pp. 221-224
    • Gouy, M.1    Guindon, S.2    Gascuel, O.3
  • 45
    • 0030807655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIONJ: an improved version of the NJ algorithm based on a simple model of sequence data
    • Gascuel O, (1997) BIONJ: an improved version of the NJ algorithm based on a simple model of sequence data. Mol Biol Evol 14: 685-695.
    • (1997) Mol Biol Evol , vol.14 , pp. 685-695
    • Gascuel, O.1
  • 46
    • 85090878417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LDheatmap: An R Function for Graphical Display of Pairwise Linkage Disequilibria Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
    • Code Snippet
    • Shin J-H, Blay S, McNeney B, Graham J, (2006) LDheatmap: An R Function for Graphical Display of Pairwise Linkage Disequilibria Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. J Stat Soft 16: Code Snippet 3.
    • (2006) J Stat Soft , vol.16 , pp. 3
    • Shin, J.-H.1    Blay, S.2    McNeney, B.3    Graham, J.4
  • 47
    • 84859186203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "R Development Core Team", R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
    • "R Development Core Team" (2011) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.
    • (2011)
  • 48
    • 0000847921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indices of multilocus linkage disequilibrium
    • Agapow P-M, Burt A, (2001) Indices of multilocus linkage disequilibrium. Molecular Ecology Notes 1: 101-102.
    • (2001) Molecular Ecology Notes , vol.1 , pp. 101-102
    • Agapow, P.-M.1    Burt, A.2
  • 49
    • 79958246852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of Parasitic Parabasalia and Free-Living Relatives Inferred from Conventional Markers vs. Rpb1, a Single-Copy Gene
    • Malik S-B, Brochu CD, Bilic I, Yuan J, Hess M, et al. (2011) Phylogeny of Parasitic Parabasalia and Free-Living Relatives Inferred from Conventional Markers vs. Rpb1, a Single-Copy Gene. PLoS ONE 6: e20774.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Malik, S.-B.1    Brochu, C.D.2    Bilic, I.3    Yuan, J.4    Hess, M.5
  • 50
    • 0032819207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The detection and measurement of recombination from sequence data
    • Smith JM, (1999) The detection and measurement of recombination from sequence data. Genetics 153: 1021-1027.
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.153 , pp. 1021-1027
    • Smith, J.M.1
  • 51
    • 0026708873 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing the mosaic structure of genes
    • Smith JM, (1992) Analyzing the mosaic structure of genes. J Mol Evol 34: 126-129.
    • (1992) J Mol Evol , vol.34 , pp. 126-129
    • Smith, J.M.1
  • 52
    • 82455171692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and implications of multiple-strain infections
    • Balmer O, Tanner M, (2011) Prevalence and implications of multiple-strain infections. Lancet Infect Dis 11: 868-878.
    • (2011) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 868-878
    • Balmer, O.1    Tanner, M.2
  • 53
    • 33846528971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis
    • Carlton JM, Hirt RP, Silva JC, Delcher AL, Schatz M, et al. (2007) Draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis. Science 315: 207-212.
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , pp. 207-212
    • Carlton, J.M.1    Hirt, R.P.2    Silva, J.C.3    Delcher, A.L.4    Schatz, M.5
  • 54
    • 0026322337 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome rearrangement by ectopic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster: genome structure and evolution
    • Montgomery EA, Huang S-M, Langley CH, Judd BH, (1991) Chromosome rearrangement by ectopic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster: genome structure and evolution. Genetics 129: 1085-1098.
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.129 , pp. 1085-1098
    • Montgomery, E.A.1    Huang, S.-M.2    Langley, C.H.3    Judd, B.H.4
  • 55
    • 0031011965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of dsRNA virus in the protein compositionand growth kinetics of host Trichomonas vaginalis
    • Provenzano D, Khoshnan A, Alderete JF, (1997) Involvement of dsRNA virus in the protein compositionand growth kinetics of host Trichomonas vaginalis. Archives of Virology 142: 939-952.
    • (1997) Archives of Virology , vol.142 , pp. 939-952
    • Provenzano, D.1    Khoshnan, A.2    Alderete, J.F.3
  • 56
    • 0028308513 scopus 로고
    • Trichomonas vaginalis with a double-stranded RNA virus has upregulated levels of phenotypically variable immunogen mRNA
    • Khoshnan A, Alderete JF, (1994) Trichomonas vaginalis with a double-stranded RNA virus has upregulated levels of phenotypically variable immunogen mRNA. J Virol 68: 4035-4038.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 4035-4038
    • Khoshnan, A.1    Alderete, J.F.2
  • 57
    • 0023215826 scopus 로고
    • Trichomonas vaginalis phenotypic variation occurs only among trichomonads infected with the double-stranded RNA virus
    • Wang A, Wang CC, Alderete JF, (1987) Trichomonas vaginalis phenotypic variation occurs only among trichomonads infected with the double-stranded RNA virus. J Exp Med 166: 142-150.
    • (1987) J Exp Med , vol.166 , pp. 142-150
    • Wang, A.1    Wang, C.C.2    Alderete, J.F.3
  • 58
    • 79951488203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leishmania RNA virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
    • Ives A, Ronet C, Prevel F, Ruzzante G, Fuertes-Marraco S, et al. (2011) Leishmania RNA virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Science 331: 775-778.
    • (2011) Science , vol.331 , pp. 775-778
    • Ives, A.1    Ronet, C.2    Prevel, F.3    Ruzzante, G.4    Fuertes-Marraco, S.5
  • 59
    • 59749086659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giardia, Entamoeba, and Trichomonas enzymes activate metronidazole (nitroreductases) and inactivate metronidazole (nitroimidazole reductases)
    • Pal D, Banerjee S, Cui J, Schwartz A, Ghosh SK, et al. (2009) Giardia, Entamoeba, and Trichomonas enzymes activate metronidazole (nitroreductases) and inactivate metronidazole (nitroimidazole reductases). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53: 458-464.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 458-464
    • Pal, D.1    Banerjee, S.2    Cui, J.3    Schwartz, A.4    Ghosh, S.K.5
  • 60
    • 0037197762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo expression of ferredoxin in a drug resistant trichomonad increases metronidazole susceptibility
    • Land KM, Delgadillo MG, Johnson PJ, (2002) In vivo expression of ferredoxin in a drug resistant trichomonad increases metronidazole susceptibility. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 121: 153-157.
    • (2002) Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology , vol.121 , pp. 153-157
    • Land, K.M.1    Delgadillo, M.G.2    Johnson, P.J.3
  • 61
    • 0346964277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted gene replacement of a ferredoxin gene in Trichomonas vaginalis does not lead to metronidazole resistance
    • Land KM, Delgadillo-Correa MG, Tachezy J, Vanacova S, Hsieh CL, et al. (2004) Targeted gene replacement of a ferredoxin gene in Trichomonas vaginalis does not lead to metronidazole resistance. Mol Microbiol 51: 115-122.
    • (2004) Mol Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 115-122
    • Land, K.M.1    Delgadillo-Correa, M.G.2    Tachezy, J.3    Vanacova, S.4    Hsieh, C.L.5
  • 62
    • 0022649496 scopus 로고
    • In vitro drug susceptibility and doses of metronidazole required for cure in cases of refractory vaginal trichomoniasis
    • Lossick JG, Muller M, Gorrell TE, (1986) In vitro drug susceptibility and doses of metronidazole required for cure in cases of refractory vaginal trichomoniasis. J Infect Dis 153: 948-955.
    • (1986) J Infect Dis , vol.153 , pp. 948-955
    • Lossick, J.G.1    Muller, M.2    Gorrell, T.E.3
  • 63
    • 78149248014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichomonas transmembrane cyclases result from massive gene duplication and concomitant development of pseudogenes
    • Cui J, Das S, Smith TF, Samuelson J, (2010) Trichomonas transmembrane cyclases result from massive gene duplication and concomitant development of pseudogenes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e782.
    • (2010) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.4
    • Cui, J.1    Das, S.2    Smith, T.F.3    Samuelson, J.4
  • 64
    • 51449085783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Expanded Inventory of Conserved Meiotic Genes Provides Evidence for Sex in Trichomonas vaginalis
    • Malik S-B, Pightling AW, Stefaniak LM, Schurko AM, Logsdon JM Jr, (2008) An Expanded Inventory of Conserved Meiotic Genes Provides Evidence for Sex in Trichomonas vaginalis. PLoS ONE 3: e2879.
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.3
    • Malik, S.-B.1    Pightling, A.W.2    Stefaniak, L.M.3    Schurko, A.M.4    Logsdon Jr., J.M.5
  • 65
    • 0036746010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: 12 years on
    • Tibayrenc M, Ayala FJ, (2002) The clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: 12 years on. Trends Parasitol 18: 405-410.
    • (2002) Trends Parasitol , vol.18 , pp. 405-410
    • Tibayrenc, M.1    Ayala, F.J.2
  • 66
    • 0034020551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective: sex, recombination, and the efficacy of selection-was Weismann right?
    • Burt A, (2000) Perspective: sex, recombination, and the efficacy of selection-was Weismann right? Evolution 54: 337-351.
    • (2000) Evolution , vol.54 , pp. 337-351
    • Burt, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.