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1
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84858635616
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'Reproductive travel' includes all forms of international trade in reproductive medical goods and services, including both formal cross-border care arranged by governments and informal care organized by private clinics and practitioners
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'Reproductive travel' includes all forms of international trade in reproductive medical goods and services, including both formal cross-border care arranged by governments and informal care organized by private clinics and practitioners.
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2
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84858667670
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Surrogacy $445 Mn Business in India
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Economic Times. 25 Aug. Available at: [Accessed 11 Jan 2012]
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2008. Surrogacy $445 Mn Business in India. Economic Times Economic Times. 25 Aug. Available at: [Accessed 11 Jan 2012]. economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3403841.cms.
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(2008)
Economic Times
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3
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84858628154
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It remains a matter of some debate whether these measures will substantively protect the interests of surrogates
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It remains a matter of some debate whether these measures will substantively protect the interests of surrogates.
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4
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84858673293
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Draft Law Tightens Surrogacy Norms [India]
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30 Sep. Available at: [Accessed 10 Jan 2011]
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Iyer, M. 2008. Draft Law Tightens Surrogacy Norms [India]. Times of India 30 Sep. Available at: [Accessed 10 Jan 2011].
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Times of India
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Iyer, M.1
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5
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84855181763
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The ART of Making Babies
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Qadeer, I. The ART of Making Babies. Indian J Medical Ethics 2010; VII(4): 209-215.
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(2010)
Indian J Medical Ethics
, vol.7
, Issue.4
, pp. 209-215
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Qadeer, I.1
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6
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38949142966
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Waldby, C. & M. Cooper
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Waldby, C. & M. Cooper. The Biopolitics of Reproduction. Australian Feminist Studies 2008; 23(55): 57-73.
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(2008)
Australian Feminist Studies
, vol.23
, Issue.55
, pp. 57-73
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7
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78549284033
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'Cycling Overseas': Care, Commodification, and Stratification in Cross-Border Reproductive Travel
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Whittaker, A. & A. Speier. 'Cycling Overseas': Care, Commodification, and Stratification in Cross-Border Reproductive Travel. Medical Anthropology 2010; 29(4): 363-383.
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(2010)
Medical Anthropology
, vol.29
, Issue.4
, pp. 363-383
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Whittaker, A.1
Speier, A.2
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8
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38949143454
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Cruel Cost of the Human Egg Trade
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30 April. Available at: [Accessed on 12 Jan 2012]
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Barnett, A. & H. Smith. Cruel Cost of the Human Egg Trade. The Observer 30 April. Available at: [Accessed on 12 Jan 2012]. 2006.
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(2006)
The Observer
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Barnett, A.1
Smith, H.2
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9
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84858628137
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Recent high-profile stories include Lisa Ling's investigation 'Wombs for rent,' which appeared on the Oprah Winfrey Show in September 2007, and Alison Motluck's 'From here to maternity,' a two-part series on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Radio's Ideas that originally aired in June 2009
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Recent high-profile stories include Lisa Ling's investigation 'Wombs for rent,' which appeared on the Oprah Winfrey Show in September 2007, and Alison Motluck's 'From here to maternity,' a two-part series on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Radio's Ideas that originally aired in June 2009.
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10
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78650301186
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Free Trade in Human Reproductive Cells: A Solution to Procreative Tourism and the Unregulated Internet
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Chung, L.H. Free Trade in Human Reproductive Cells: A Solution to Procreative Tourism and the Unregulated Internet. Minn J Int Law 2006; 15: 265-270.
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(2006)
Minn J Int Law
, vol.15
, pp. 265-270
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Chung, L.H.1
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11
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0035552997
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Golden Eggs: Toward the Rational Regulation of Oocyte Donation
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Baum, K. Golden Eggs: Toward the Rational Regulation of Oocyte Donation. BYU L Rev 2001: 107.
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(2001)
BYU L Rev
, pp. 107
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Baum, K.1
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12
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33644530410
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Quests for Conception: Fertility Tourists, Globalization and Feminist Legal Theory
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Storrow, R.F. Quests for Conception: Fertility Tourists, Globalization and Feminist Legal Theory. Hastings Law J 2006; 57: 295-330.
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(2006)
Hastings Law J
, vol.57
, pp. 295-330
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Storrow, R.F.1
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13
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77949515640
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The Baby Market: Crossing Bodies, Crossing Borders: International Surrogacy between the United States and India
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Smerdon, U.R. The Baby Market: Crossing Bodies, Crossing Borders: International Surrogacy between the United States and India. Cumb Law Rev 2009; 39: 815-819.
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(2009)
Cumb Law Rev
, vol.39
, pp. 815-819
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Smerdon, U.R.1
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14
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0037642105
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Commodification of Human Tissue: Implications for Feminist Developmental Ethics
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Dickenson, D. Commodification of Human Tissue: Implications for Feminist Developmental Ethics. Developing World Bioethics 2002; 2(1): 55-63.
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(2002)
Developing World Bioethics
, vol.2
, Issue.1
, pp. 55-63
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Dickenson, D.1
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15
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0036905628
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Reproductive Tourism as Moral Pluralism in Motion
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Pennings, G. Reproductive Tourism as Moral Pluralism in Motion. J Medical Ethics 2002; 28(6): 337-341.
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(2002)
J Medical Ethics
, vol.28
, Issue.6
, pp. 337-341
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Pennings, G.1
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16
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84858673294
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See, for example, the anthropological analysis of Andrea Whittaker and Amy Speier
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See, for example, the anthropological analysis of Andrea Whittaker and Amy Speier.
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17
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77949269035
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It May Be Her Eggs But It's My Blood': Surrogates and Everyday Forms of Kinship in India
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Amrita Pande 'It May Be Her Eggs But It's My Blood': Surrogates and Everyday Forms of Kinship in India. Qual Sociol 2009; 32: 379-397.
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(2009)
Qual Sociol
, vol.32
, pp. 379-397
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Pande, A.1
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18
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77953013910
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Commercial Surrogacy in India: Manufacturing a Perfect Mother-Worker
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Pande, A. Commercial Surrogacy in India: Manufacturing a Perfect Mother-Worker. Signs 2010; 35(4): 969-992.
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(2010)
Signs
, vol.35
, Issue.4
, pp. 969-992
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Pande, A.1
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19
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79551596195
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'At Least I Am Not Sleeping with Anyone': Resisting the Stigma of Commercial Surrogacy in India
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Pande, A. 'At Least I Am Not Sleeping with Anyone': Resisting the Stigma of Commercial Surrogacy in India. Feminist Studies 2010: 36(2): 292-312).
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Feminist Studies
, vol.36
, Issue.2
, pp. 292-312
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Pande, A.1
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20
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78650284139
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Why Is Medical Travel of Concern to Global Social Policy?
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the multidisciplinary special edition of Global Social Policy titled (Leng, C.H. & A. Whittaker (Eds.))
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'Why Is Medical Travel of Concern to Global Social Policy?' and the multidisciplinary special edition of Global Social Policy titled (Leng, C.H. & A. Whittaker (Eds.)). Global Social Policy 2010; 10: 287-433.
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(2010)
Global Social Policy
, vol.10
, pp. 287-433
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21
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84858667669
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Evidence of recent interest by policy makers include the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology's (ESHRE) creation of a task force on reproductive travel
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Evidence of recent interest by policy makers include the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology's (ESHRE) creation of a task force on reproductive travel.
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22
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52449110479
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ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law 15: Cross-Border Reproductive Care
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Pennings, G. et al. ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law 15: Cross-Border Reproductive Care. Hum Reprod 2008; 23(10): 2182-2184.
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(2008)
Hum Reprod
, vol.23
, Issue.10
, pp. 2182-2184
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Pennings, G.1
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23
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84858673286
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the International Federation of Social Worker's 2008 policy on cross-border reproductive services (available at:) [Accessed 12 Jan 2012]
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the International Federation of Social Worker's 2008 policy on cross-border reproductive services (available at:) [Accessed 12 Jan 2012].
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24
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84858667674
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WHO's 2009 workshop on 'The Movement of Patients across International Borders,' held in Kobe, Japan
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WHO's 2009 workshop on 'The Movement of Patients across International Borders,' held in Kobe, Japan.
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25
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84858628144
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Assisted Human Reproduction Canada's 'First International Forum on Cross-Border Reproductive Care,' held in Ottawa, Canada in 2009
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Assisted Human Reproduction Canada's 'First International Forum on Cross-Border Reproductive Care,' held in Ottawa, Canada in 2009.
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27
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77956074414
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Globalization and Cross-Border Reproductive Services: Ethical Implications of Surrogacy in India for Social Work
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Palattiyil, G., et al. Globalization and Cross-Border Reproductive Services: Ethical Implications of Surrogacy in India for Social Work. Int Social Work 2010; 53: 691.
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Int Social Work
, vol.53
, pp. 691
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Palattiyil, G.1
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28
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77953655043
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The Ethics of Human Embryos and Embryonic Stem Cell Research
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Master, Z., et al. The Ethics of Human Embryos and Embryonic Stem Cell Research. J Stem Cells 2008; 3: 127-161.
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(2008)
J Stem Cells
, vol.3
, pp. 127-161
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Master, Z.1
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29
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78650277766
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A Socio-Anthropological Perspective on Reproductive Medical Travel and Associated Technologies in the Asia-Pacific.
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Kobe, Japan: WHO Center for Health Development. 30 Nov.
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Whittaker, A. 2009. A Socio-Anthropological Perspective on Reproductive Medical Travel and Associated Technologies in the Asia-Pacific. Thematic Paper. Kobe, Japan: WHO Center for Health Development. 30 Nov.
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Whittaker, A.1
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30
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77956005050
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Care Ethics and the Global Practice of Commercial Surrogacy
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Parks, J.A. Care Ethics and the Global Practice of Commercial Surrogacy. Bioethics 2010; 24: 333-340.
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Bioethics
, vol.24
, pp. 333-340
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Parks, J.A.1
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31
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77952550864
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Fertility Patients' Experiences of Cross-Border Reproductive Tourism.
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Blyth, E. Fertility Patients' Experiences of Cross-Border Reproductive Tourism. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: e11-e15.
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Fertil Steril
, vol.94
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Blyth, E.1
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32
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0031004730
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For example, the pursuit of national self-sufficiency in blood has been advocated by the World Health Organization since the 1970s (Keown, J. The Gift of Blood in Europe: An Ethical Defence of EC Directive 89/381. J Med Ethics
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For example, the pursuit of national self-sufficiency in blood has been advocated by the World Health Organization since the 1970s (Keown, J. The Gift of Blood in Europe: An Ethical Defence of EC Directive 89/381. J Med Ethics 1997; 23: 96-100.
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(1997)
, vol.23
, pp. 96-100
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33
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84858628148
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And is now promoted as goal with respect to human organs for transplantation (World Health Organization. 2008 WHO Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation (Updated Edition). Geneva: World Health Organization; Steering Committee of the Istanbul Summit. Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism and Commercialism: The Declaration of Istanbul. Lancet
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And is now promoted as goal with respect to human organs for transplantation (World Health Organization. 2008 WHO Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation (Updated Edition). Geneva: World Health Organization; Steering Committee of the Istanbul Summit. Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism and Commercialism: The Declaration of Istanbul. Lancet 2008; 372: 5-6.
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, vol.372
, pp. 5-6
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34
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27944495265
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Gamete Donation in a System of Need-Adjusted Reciprocity.
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Pennings, G. Gamete Donation in a System of Need-Adjusted Reciprocity. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 2990-2993.
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Hum Reprod
, vol.20
, pp. 2990-2993
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Pennings, G.1
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35
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84858628151
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To illustrate, an organ exchange program might, for example, arrange for Patient A's relative to donate a kidney to Patient B in exchange for donation of a kidney from Patient B's relative to Patient A in order to overcome immunological incompatibilities. Gametes might likewise be exchanged to overcome social or genetic barriers to donation by relatives
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To illustrate, an organ exchange program might, for example, arrange for Patient A's relative to donate a kidney to Patient B in exchange for donation of a kidney from Patient B's relative to Patient A in order to overcome immunological incompatibilities. Gametes might likewise be exchanged to overcome social or genetic barriers to donation by relatives.
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36
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11144298082
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Legal Harmonization and Reproductive Tourism in Europe.
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Pennings, G. Legal Harmonization and Reproductive Tourism in Europe. Hum Reprod 2004; 19: 2689-2694.
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Hum Reprod
, vol.19
, pp. 2689-2694
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Egg Donation: Issues & Concerns.
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Black, J.J. Egg Donation: Issues & Concerns. MCN Am J Maternal/Child Nurs 2010; 35: 132-137.
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MCN Am J Maternal/Child Nurs
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, pp. 132-137
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Black, J.J.1
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Marketing Motherhood: Rights and Responsibilities of Egg Donors in Assisted Reproductive Technology Agreements.
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Terman, S. Marketing Motherhood: Rights and Responsibilities of Egg Donors in Assisted Reproductive Technology Agreements. Northwestern J L Soc Pol 2008; 3: 167-185.
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Pol
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, pp. 167-185
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42
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Commerce in Transplantation in Third World Countries.
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Chugh, K.S. & V. Jha. Commerce in Transplantation in Third World Countries. Kidney Int 1996; 49: 1181.
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Kidney Int
, vol.49
, pp. 1181
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Chugh, K.S.1
Jha, V.2
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43
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35148853586
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A Socioeconomic Survey of Kidney Vendors in Pakistan.
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Naqvi, S.A., et al. A Socioeconomic Survey of Kidney Vendors in Pakistan. Transpl Int 2007; 20: 934-939.
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Transpl Int
, vol.20
, pp. 934-939
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Naqvi, S.A.1
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44
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84858673292
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Reconceiving Surrogacy: Towards a Reproductive Justice Account of Surrogacy Work in India.
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9 Feb
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Bailey, A. Reconceiving Surrogacy: Towards a Reproductive Justice Account of Surrogacy Work in India. Hypatia. Published online 9 Feb 2011.
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Hypatia. Published online
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Bailey, A.1
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45
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84858661928
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Childbirth at the Global Crossroads.
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American Prospect 5 Oct. Available at: [Accessed 10 Jan
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Hochschild, A. 2009. Childbirth at the Global Crossroads. American Prospect 5 Oct. Available at: [Accessed 10 Jan 2011].
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Hochschild, A.1
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46
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84858628152
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UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund). 2006. The State of the World's Children Women and Children: The Double Dividend of Gender Equality. New York, NY: UNICEF: 47.
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UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund). 2006. The State of the World's Children Women and Children: The Double Dividend of Gender Equality. New York, NY: UNICEF: 47.2007.
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47
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45849093347
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Reproductive Work in Embryonic Stem Cell Research.
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Waldby, C. Reproductive Work in Embryonic Stem Cell Research. New Genetics and Society 2008; 27: 19-31.
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(2008)
New Genetics and Society
, vol.27
, pp. 19-31
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Waldby, C.1
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48
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77956004541
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Border Disputes across Bodies: Exploitation in Trafficking for Prostitution and Egg Sale for Stem Cell Research.
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Widdows, H. Border Disputes across Bodies: Exploitation in Trafficking for Prostitution and Egg Sale for Stem Cell Research. Int J Feminist Bioethics 2009; 2: 5-24.
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(2009)
Int J Feminist Bioethics
, vol.2
, pp. 5-24
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Widdows, H.1
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49
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84858628153
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Egg Raffles and Shadow Markets
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The Fertility Industry Goes Global - and Skirts Laws. Biopolitical Times. 23 Mar. Available at: [Accessed 10 Jan
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Darnovsky, M. 2010. Egg Raffles and Shadow Markets: The Fertility Industry Goes Global - and Skirts Laws. Biopolitical Times. 23 Mar. Available at: [Accessed 10 Jan 2011.
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Darnovsky, M.1
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51
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84858635615
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Matt Zwolinski provides a similar argument regarding low-wage labour. He argues that the moral significance of a sweat-shop labourer's consent need not be undermined by lack of voluntariness, exploitation, or constraints on independence.
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Matt Zwolinski provides a similar argument regarding low-wage labour. He argues that the moral significance of a sweat-shop labourer's consent need not be undermined by lack of voluntariness, exploitation, or constraints on independence.
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52
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35648957281
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Choice, and Exploitation
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Zwolinski, M. Sweatshops, Choice, and Exploitation. Bus Ethics Q 2007; 17: 689-727.
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Bus Ethics Q
, vol.17
, pp. 689-727
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Sweatshops, Z.M.1
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53
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33750879227
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Is It Ethical for Patients with Renal Disease to Purchase Kidneys from the World's Poor? PLoS Med
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Bakdash, T. & N. Scheper-Hughes. Is It Ethical for Patients with Renal Disease to Purchase Kidneys from the World's Poor? PLoS Med 2006; 3: e349. Available at: [Accessed 10 Jan 2011].
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, vol.3
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Bakdash, T.1
Scheper-Hughes, N.2
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Why Liberals Should Accept Financial Incentives for Organ Procurement.
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Veatch, R.M. Why Liberals Should Accept Financial Incentives for Organ Procurement. Kennedy Inst Ethic J 2003; 13: 19-36: 32.
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Veatch, R.M.1
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Poverty, Development, and Women: Why Should We Care? J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs
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Thompson, J.E.B. Poverty, Development, and Women: Why Should We Care? J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2007; 36: 523-530.
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, vol.36
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Monitoring Progress towards Gender-Equitable Poverty Alleviation.
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Baruah, B. Monitoring Progress towards Gender-Equitable Poverty Alleviation. Progress Development Studies 2009; 9: 171.
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Progress Development Studies
, vol.9
, pp. 171
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Baruah, B.1
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58
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84858673295
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The ESHRE's code of practice for cross border reproductive care is a move in this direction: Shenfield, F. et al. ESHRE's Good Practice Guide for Cross-Border Reproductive Care for Canters and Practitioners. Hum Reprod; First published online: April 19.
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The ESHRE's code of practice for cross border reproductive care is a move in this direction: Shenfield, F. et al. ESHRE's Good Practice Guide for Cross-Border Reproductive Care for Canters and Practitioners. Hum Reprod; First published online: April 19.2011.
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(2011)
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