메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 31-45

Differentiating the aging of the mitral valve from human and canine myxomatous degeneration

Author keywords

Extracellular matrix; Innervation; Remodeling; Valvular endothelial cells; Valvular interstitial cells

Indexed keywords

ALPHA SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN; CATHEPSIN; COLLAGEN; COLLAGEN FIBER; GELATINASE; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN; HYALURONIC ACID; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; PROTEOGLYCAN; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 2; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 3; VIMENTIN;

EID: 84858451070     PISSN: 17602734     EISSN: 18750834     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2011.11.003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (110)
  • 1
    • 70349196134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update on treatment and prognostic indicators in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease
    • J. Häggström, K. Höglund, M. Borgarelli, J. Haggstrom, and K. Hoglund An update on treatment and prognostic indicators in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease J Small Anim Pract 50 Suppl. 1 September 2009 25 33
    • (2009) J Small Anim Pract , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 25-33
    • Häggström, J.1    Höglund, K.2    Borgarelli, M.3    Haggstrom, J.4    Hoglund, K.5
  • 2
    • 77956873664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the Swedish breeding program for cavalier King Charles spaniels
    • T. Lundin, and C. Kvart Evaluation of the Swedish breeding program for cavalier King Charles spaniels Acta Vet Scand 52 2010 54 59
    • (2010) Acta Vet Scand , vol.52 , pp. 54-59
    • Lundin, T.1    Kvart, C.2
  • 3
    • 33646577773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitral valvular regurgitation: Etiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical manifestations
    • H. Boudoulas, E.E. Sparks, and C.F. Wooley Mitral valvular regurgitation: etiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical manifestations Herz 31 1 2006 6 13
    • (2006) Herz , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-13
    • Boudoulas, H.1    Sparks, E.E.2    Wooley, C.F.3
  • 5
    • 0034998420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myxomatous mitral valve chordae. II: Selective elevation of glycosaminoglycan content
    • discussion 332-333
    • K.J. Grande-Allen, B.P. Griffin, A. Calabro, N.B. Ratliff, D.M. Cosgrove, and I. Vesely Myxomatous mitral valve chordae. II: selective elevation of glycosaminoglycan content J Heart Valve Dis 10 3 2001 325 332 discussion 332-333
    • (2001) J Heart Valve Dis , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-332
    • Grande-Allen, K.J.1    Griffin, B.P.2    Calabro, A.3    Ratliff, N.B.4    Cosgrove, D.M.5    Vesely, I.6
  • 6
    • 13444302614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitral valve prolapse
    • E. Hayek, C.N. Gring, and B.P. Griffin Mitral valve prolapse Lancet 365 9458 2005 507 518
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , Issue.9458 , pp. 507-518
    • Hayek, E.1    Gring, C.N.2    Griffin, B.P.3
  • 7
    • 0038149693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycosaminoglycan profiles of myxomatous mitral leaflets and chordae parallel the severity of mechanical alterations
    • K.J. Grande-Allen, B.P. Griffin, N.B. Ratliff, D.M. Cosgrove, and I. Vesely Glycosaminoglycan profiles of myxomatous mitral leaflets and chordae parallel the severity of mechanical alterations J Am Coll Cardiol 42 2 2003 271 277
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 271-277
    • Grande-Allen, K.J.1    Griffin, B.P.2    Ratliff, N.B.3    Cosgrove, D.M.4    Vesely, I.5
  • 8
    • 72949127466 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of the canine mitral valve, with notes on function and comparisons with other mammalian mitral valves
    • R.W. Frater, and F.H. Ellis Jr. The anatomy of the canine mitral valve, with notes on function and comparisons with other mammalian mitral valves J Surg Res 1 1961 171 178
    • (1961) J Surg Res , vol.1 , pp. 171-178
    • Frater, R.W.1    Ellis, Jr.F.H.2
  • 9
    • 0018090543 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of human mitral valve in adult cadaver and comparative anatomy of the valve
    • R. Walmsley Anatomy of human mitral valve in adult cadaver and comparative anatomy of the valve Br Heart J 40 4 1978 351 366
    • (1978) Br Heart J , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 351-366
    • Walmsley, R.1
  • 10
    • 0036839367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the mitral valve
    • S.Y. Ho Anatomy of the mitral valve Heart 88 Suppl. 4 2002 iv5 10
    • (2002) Heart , vol.88 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 5-10
    • Ho, S.Y.1
  • 11
    • 0141502318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of the mitral valve: A retrospective analysis of yesterday's future
    • M. Kanani, and R.H. Anderson The anatomy of the mitral valve: a retrospective analysis of yesterday's future J Heart Valve Dis 12 5 2003 543 547
    • (2003) J Heart Valve Dis , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 543-547
    • Kanani, M.1    Anderson, R.H.2
  • 12
    • 0027552609 scopus 로고
    • Differential collagen distribution in the mitral valve and its influence on biomech. behavior
    • K. Kunzelman, R. Cochran, S. Murphree, W. Ring, E. Verrier, and R. Eberhart Differential collagen distribution in the mitral valve and its influence on biomech. behavior J Heart Valve Dis 2 2 1993 236 244
    • (1993) J Heart Valve Dis , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 236-244
    • Kunzelman, K.1    Cochran, R.2    Murphree, S.3    Ring, W.4    Verrier, E.5    Eberhart, R.6
  • 13
    • 24344498711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization and pattern of expression of extracellular matrix components in human heart valves
    • N. Latif, P. Sarathchandra, P.M. Taylor, J. Antoniw, and M.H. Yacoub Localization and pattern of expression of extracellular matrix components in human heart valves J Heart Valve Dis 14 2 2005 218 227
    • (2005) J Heart Valve Dis , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 218-227
    • Latif, N.1    Sarathchandra, P.2    Taylor, P.M.3    Antoniw, J.4    Yacoub, M.H.5
  • 14
    • 48449100805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valve proteoglycan content and glycosaminoglycan fine structure are unique to microstructure, mechanical load and age: Relevance to an age-specific tissue-engineered heart valve
    • E.H. Stephens, C.K. Chu, and K.J. Grande-Allen Valve proteoglycan content and glycosaminoglycan fine structure are unique to microstructure, mechanical load and age: relevance to an age-specific tissue-engineered heart valve Acta Biomater 4 5 2008 1148 1160
    • (2008) Acta Biomater , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 1148-1160
    • Stephens, E.H.1    Chu, C.K.2    Grande-Allen, K.J.3
  • 15
    • 3142710221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in normal mitral valve leaflets and chordae: Association with regions of tensile and compressive loading
    • K.J. Grande-Allen, A. Calabro, V. Gupta, T.N. Wight, V.C. Hascall, and I. Vesely Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in normal mitral valve leaflets and chordae: association with regions of tensile and compressive loading Glycobiology 14 7 2004 621 633
    • (2004) Glycobiology , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 621-633
    • Grande-Allen, K.J.1    Calabro, A.2    Gupta, V.3    Wight, T.N.4    Hascall, V.C.5    Vesely, I.6
  • 16
    • 0032841124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure abnormalities in proteoglycans, collagen fibrils, and elastic fibers in normal and myxomatous mitral valve chordae tendineae
    • S. Akhtar, K.M. Meek, and V. James Ultrastructure abnormalities in proteoglycans, collagen fibrils, and elastic fibers in normal and myxomatous mitral valve chordae tendineae Cardiovasc Pathol 8 4 1999 191 201
    • (1999) Cardiovasc Pathol , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 191-201
    • Akhtar, S.1    Meek, K.M.2    James, V.3
  • 17
    • 77649260964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in material behavior of porcine mitral and aortic valves and correlation to matrix composition
    • E.H. Stephens, N. de Jonge, M.P. McNeill, C.A. Durst, and K.J. Grande-Allen Age-related changes in material behavior of porcine mitral and aortic valves and correlation to matrix composition Tissue Eng Part A 16 3 2010 867 878
    • (2010) Tissue Eng Part A , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 867-878
    • Stephens, E.H.1    Jonge, N.D.2    McNeill, M.P.3    Durst, C.A.4    Grande-Allen, K.J.5
  • 18
    • 0031933187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexible versus rigid ring annuloplasty for mitral valve annular dilatation: A finite element model
    • K.S. Kunzelman, M.S. Reimink, and R.P. Cochran Flexible versus rigid ring annuloplasty for mitral valve annular dilatation: a finite element model J Heart Valve Dis 7 1 1998 108 116
    • (1998) J Heart Valve Dis , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 108-116
    • Kunzelman, K.S.1    Reimink, M.S.2    Cochran, R.P.3
  • 19
    • 36949032340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in collagen synthesis and turnover in porcine heart valves
    • E.H. Stephens, and K.J. Grande-Allen Age-related changes in collagen synthesis and turnover in porcine heart valves J Heart Valve Dis 16 6 2007 672 682
    • (2007) J Heart Valve Dis , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 672-682
    • Stephens, E.H.1    Grande-Allen, K.J.2
  • 21
    • 0000955180 scopus 로고
    • Aging changes in the aortic and mitral valves: Histologic and histochemical studies, with observations on the pathogenesis of calcific aortic stenosis and calcification of the mitral annulus
    • S. Sell, and R.E. Scully Aging changes in the aortic and mitral valves: histologic and histochemical studies, with observations on the pathogenesis of calcific aortic stenosis and calcification of the mitral annulus Am J Pathol 46 3 1965 345 365
    • (1965) Am J Pathol , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 345-365
    • Sell, S.1    Scully, R.E.2
  • 22
    • 0029081007 scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent changes in the radial stretch of human aortic valve leaflets determined by biaxial testing
    • discussion S159
    • G.W. Christie, and B.G. Barratt-Boyes Age-dependent changes in the radial stretch of human aortic valve leaflets determined by biaxial testing Ann Thorac Surg 60 2 Suppl. 1995 S156 S158 discussion S159
    • (1995) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.60 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Christie, G.W.1    Barratt-Boyes, B.G.2
  • 23
    • 0008959908 scopus 로고
    • Mitral and tricuspid valve innervation
    • T.H. Williams Mitral and tricuspid valve innervation Br Heart J 26 1964 105 115
    • (1964) Br Heart J , vol.26 , pp. 105-115
    • Williams, T.H.1
  • 24
    • 0025101755 scopus 로고
    • Variations in atrioventricular valve innervation in four species of mammals
    • T.H. Williams, J.C. Folan, J.Y. Jew, and Y.F. Wang Variations in atrioventricular valve innervation in four species of mammals Am J Anat 187 2 1990 193 200
    • (1990) Am J Anat , vol.187 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-200
    • Williams, T.H.1    Folan, J.C.2    Jew, J.Y.3    Wang, Y.F.4
  • 25
    • 77249155722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of innervation of the mitral valves and the effects of myxomatous degeneration in dogs
    • G.J. Culshaw, A.T. French, R.I. Han, A. Black, G.T. Pearson, and B.M. Corcoran Evaluation of innervation of the mitral valves and the effects of myxomatous degeneration in dogs Am J Vet Res 71 2 2010 194 202
    • (2010) Am J Vet Res , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 194-202
    • Culshaw, G.J.1    French, A.T.2    Han, R.I.3    Black, A.4    Pearson, G.T.5    Corcoran, B.M.6
  • 27
    • 1842557725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the mitral valve passive flap theory overstated? An active valve is hypothesized
    • T.H. Williams, and J.Y. Jew Is the mitral valve passive flap theory overstated? An active valve is hypothesized Med Hypotheses 62 4 2004 605 611
    • (2004) Med Hypotheses , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 605-611
    • Williams, T.H.1    Jew, J.Y.2
  • 28
    • 0026511272 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical properties of the canine mitral valve: Effects of autonomic stimulation
    • M.B. Curtis, and D.V. Priola Mechanical properties of the canine mitral valve: effects of autonomic stimulation Am J Physiol 262 1 Pt 2 1992 H56 H62
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.262 , Issue.1 PART 2
    • Curtis, M.B.1    Priola, D.V.2
  • 29
    • 0028093469 scopus 로고
    • The terminal innervation patterns in young and old guinea pig heart valves: A quantitative analysis using acetylcholinesterase staining
    • J. Folan-Curran, Y.F. Wang, J.Y. Jew, and T.H. Williams The terminal innervation patterns in young and old guinea pig heart valves: a quantitative analysis using acetylcholinesterase staining Exp Gerontol 29 5 1994 543 552
    • (1994) Exp Gerontol , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 543-552
    • Folan-Curran, J.1    Wang, Y.F.2    Jew, J.Y.3    Williams, T.H.4
  • 30
    • 0033168422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innervation of the mitral valve is strikingly depleted with age
    • J.Y. Jew, and T.H. Williams Innervation of the mitral valve is strikingly depleted with age Anat Rec 255 3 1999 252 260
    • (1999) Anat Rec , vol.255 , Issue.3 , pp. 252-260
    • Jew, J.Y.1    Williams, T.H.2
  • 31
    • 0342398238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tyrosine hydroxylase- and nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerve fibers in mitral valve of young adult and aged Fischer 344 rats
    • J.Y. Jew, C.A. Fink, and T.H. Williams Tyrosine hydroxylase- and nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerve fibers in mitral valve of young adult and aged Fischer 344 rats J Auton Nerv Syst 58 1-2 1996 35 43
    • (1996) J Auton Nerv Syst , vol.58 , Issue.12 , pp. 35-43
    • Jew, J.Y.1    Fink, C.A.2    Williams, T.H.3
  • 32
    • 70149088960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart valve development: Regulatory networks in development and disease
    • M.D. Combs, and K.E. Yutzey Heart valve development: regulatory networks in development and disease Circ Res 105 5 2009 408 421
    • (2009) Circ Res , vol.105 , Issue.5 , pp. 408-421
    • Combs, M.D.1    Yutzey, K.E.2
  • 34
    • 0029061401 scopus 로고
    • Molecular regulation of atrioventricular valvuloseptal morphogenesis
    • L.M. Eisenberg, and R.R. Markwald Molecular regulation of atrioventricular valvuloseptal morphogenesis Circ Res 77 1 1995 1 6
    • (1995) Circ Res , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-6
    • Eisenberg, L.M.1    Markwald, R.R.2
  • 35
    • 81855170051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progenitor cells confer plasticity to cardiac valve endothelium
    • J. Bischoff, and E. Aikawa Progenitor cells confer plasticity to cardiac valve endothelium J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2011
    • (2011) J Cardiovasc Transl Res
    • Bischoff, J.1    Aikawa, E.2
  • 36
    • 1542319112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of surface morphologic changes in the mitral valve leaflets and chordae tendineae of dogs with myxomatous degeneration
    • B.M. Corcoran, A. Black, H. Anderson, J.D. McEwan, A. French, P. Smith, and C. Devine Identification of surface morphologic changes in the mitral valve leaflets and chordae tendineae of dogs with myxomatous degeneration Am J Vet Res 65 2 2004 198 206
    • (2004) Am J Vet Res , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 198-206
    • Corcoran, B.M.1    Black, A.2    Anderson, H.3    McEwan, J.D.4    French, A.5    Smith, P.6    Devine, C.7
  • 37
    • 33645739512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human semilunar cardiac valve remodeling by activated cells from fetus to adult: Implications for postnatal adaptation, pathology, and tissue engineering
    • E. Aikawa, P. Whittaker, M. Farber, K. Mendelson, R.F. Padera, M. Aikawa, and F.J. Schoen Human semilunar cardiac valve remodeling by activated cells from fetus to adult: implications for postnatal adaptation, pathology, and tissue engineering Circulation 113 10 2006 1344 1352
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113 , Issue.10 , pp. 1344-1352
    • Aikawa, E.1    Whittaker, P.2    Farber, M.3    Mendelson, K.4    Padera, R.F.5    Aikawa, M.6    Schoen, F.J.7
  • 39
    • 0032807948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased endothelin-receptor density in myxomatous canine mitral valve leaflets
    • T. Mow, and H.D. Pedersen Increased endothelin-receptor density in myxomatous canine mitral valve leaflets J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 34 2 1999 254 260
    • (1999) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 254-260
    • Mow, T.1    Pedersen, H.D.2
  • 40
    • 33751425983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic characterization of isolated valvular interstitial cell subpopulations
    • T.L. Blevins, J.L. Carroll, A.M. Raza, and K.J. Grande-Allen Phenotypic characterization of isolated valvular interstitial cell subpopulations J Heart Valve Dis 15 6 2006 815 822
    • (2006) J Heart Valve Dis , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 815-822
    • Blevins, T.L.1    Carroll, J.L.2    Raza, A.M.3    Grande-Allen, K.J.4
  • 41
    • 0030909303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac valve interstitial cells: Regulator of valve structure and function
    • D.L. Mulholland, and A.I. Gotlieb Cardiac valve interstitial cells: regulator of valve structure and function Cardiovasc Pathol 6 3 1997 167 174
    • (1997) Cardiovasc Pathol , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 167-174
    • Mulholland, D.L.1    Gotlieb, A.I.2
  • 42
    • 0035923477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated interstitial myofibroblasts express catabolic enzymes and mediate matrix remodeling in myxomatous heart valves
    • E. Rabkin, M. Aikawa, J.R. Stone, Y. Fukumoto, P. Libby, and F.J. Schoen Activated interstitial myofibroblasts express catabolic enzymes and mediate matrix remodeling in myxomatous heart valves Circulation 104 21 2001 2525 2532
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , Issue.21 , pp. 2525-2532
    • Rabkin, E.1    Aikawa, M.2    Stone, J.R.3    Fukumoto, Y.4    Libby, P.5    Schoen, F.J.6
  • 44
    • 36348976915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging role of valve interstitial cell phenotypes in regulating heart valve pathobiology
    • A.C. Liu, V.R. Joag, and A.I. Gotlieb The emerging role of valve interstitial cell phenotypes in regulating heart valve pathobiology Am J Pathol 171 5 2007 1407 1418
    • (2007) Am J Pathol , vol.171 , Issue.5 , pp. 1407-1418
    • Liu, A.C.1    Joag, V.R.2    Gotlieb, A.I.3
  • 45
    • 7444234978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic and reversible changes of interstitial cell phenotype during remodeling of cardiac valves
    • E. Rabkin-Aikawa, M. Farber, M. Aikawa, and F.J. Schoen Dynamic and reversible changes of interstitial cell phenotype during remodeling of cardiac valves J Heart Valve Dis 13 5 2004 841 847
    • (2004) J Heart Valve Dis , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 841-847
    • Rabkin-Aikawa, E.1    Farber, M.2    Aikawa, M.3    Schoen, F.J.4
  • 46
    • 0017680673 scopus 로고
    • Chronic valvular disease (endocardiosis) in dogs
    • J.W. Buchanan Chronic valvular disease (endocardiosis) in dogs Adv Vet Sci Comp Med 21 1977 75 106
    • (1977) Adv Vet Sci Comp Med , vol.21 , pp. 75-106
    • Buchanan, J.W.1
  • 47
    • 0034011908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-Linked glycans of proteins from mitral valves of normal pigs and pigs affected by endocardiosis
    • A. Amoresano, S. Amedeo, G. D'andrea, R. Siciliano, C. Gagna, M. Castagnaro, G. Marino, and F. Guarda N-Linked glycans of proteins from mitral valves of normal pigs and pigs affected by endocardiosis FEBS J 267 5 2000 1299 1306
    • (2000) FEBS J , vol.267 , Issue.5 , pp. 1299-1306
    • Amoresano, A.1    Amedeo, S.2    D'Andrea, G.3    Siciliano, R.4    Gagna, C.5    Castagnaro, M.6    Marino, G.7    Guarda, F.8
  • 48
    • 2542587793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathology of mitral valve in regularly slaughtered pigs: An abattoir survey on the occurrence of myxoid degeneration (endocardiosis), fibrosis and valvulitis
    • C. Gagna, D. Meier, G. Ru, A. Pospischil, and F. Guarda Pathology of mitral valve in regularly slaughtered pigs: an abattoir survey on the occurrence of myxoid degeneration (endocardiosis), fibrosis and valvulitis Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 45 6-7 1998 383 395
    • (1998) Zentralbl Veterinarmed A , vol.45 , Issue.67 , pp. 383-395
    • Gagna, C.1    Meier, D.2    Ru, G.3    Pospischil, A.4    Guarda, F.5
  • 49
    • 0031086674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological and biochemical investigations of mitral valve endocardiosis in pigs
    • M. Castagnaro, S. Amedeo, A. Bertolotto, E. Manzardo, A. Riccio, and F. Guarda Morphological and biochemical investigations of mitral valve endocardiosis in pigs Res Vet Sci 62 2 1997 121 125
    • (1997) Res Vet Sci , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 121-125
    • Castagnaro, M.1    Amedeo, S.2    Bertolotto, A.3    Manzardo, E.4    Riccio, A.5    Guarda, F.6
  • 50
    • 0141514582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular diseases in the ageing dog: Diagnostic and therapeutic problems
    • C. Guglielmini Cardiovascular diseases in the ageing dog: diagnostic and therapeutic problems Vet Res Commun 27 Suppl. 1 2003 555 560
    • (2003) Vet Res Commun , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 555-560
    • Guglielmini, C.1
  • 51
    • 0027683353 scopus 로고
    • Chronic mitral valve disease in cavalier King Charles spaniels: 95 cases (1987-1991
    • A.W. Beardow, and J.W. Buchanan Chronic mitral valve disease in cavalier King Charles spaniels: 95 cases (1987-1991 J Am Vet Med Assoc 203 7 1993 1023 1029
    • (1993) J Am Vet Med Assoc , vol.203 , Issue.7 , pp. 1023-1029
    • Beardow, A.W.1    Buchanan, J.W.2
  • 52
    • 79952631195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heritability of premature mitral valve disease in Cavalier King Charles spaniels
    • T. Lewis, S. Swift, J.A. Woolliams, and S. Blott Heritability of premature mitral valve disease in Cavalier King Charles spaniels Vet J 188 1 2011 73 76
    • (2011) Vet J , vol.188 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-76
    • Lewis, T.1    Swift, S.2    Woolliams, J.A.3    Blott, S.4
  • 53
    • 0013844223 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence and types of cardiovascular disease in dogs
    • D.K. Detweiler, and D.F. Patterson The prevalence and types of cardiovascular disease in dogs Ann N Y Acad Sci 127 1 1965 481 516
    • (1965) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.127 , Issue.1 , pp. 481-516
    • Detweiler, D.K.1    Patterson, D.F.2
  • 54
    • 0019029083 scopus 로고
    • Pathology of chronic mitral valvular disease in the dog
    • K. Kogure Pathology of chronic mitral valvular disease in the dog Nippon Juigaku Zasshi 42 3 1980 323 335
    • (1980) Nippon Juigaku Zasshi , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-335
    • Kogure, K.1
  • 55
    • 0023121507 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative structural analysis of collagen in chordae tendineae and its relation to floppy mitral valves and proteoglycan infiltration
    • P. Whittaker, D.R. Boughner, D.G. Perkins, and P.B. Canham Quantitative structural analysis of collagen in chordae tendineae and its relation to floppy mitral valves and proteoglycan infiltration Br Heart J 57 3 1987 264 269
    • (1987) Br Heart J , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 264-269
    • Whittaker, P.1    Boughner, D.R.2    Perkins, D.G.3    Canham, P.B.4
  • 56
    • 0029025486 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities in elastic fibers and other connective-tissue components of floppy mitral valve
    • K. Tamura, Y. Fukuda, M. Ishizaki, Y. Masuda, N. Yamanaka, and V.J. Ferrans Abnormalities in elastic fibers and other connective-tissue components of floppy mitral valve Am Heart J 129 6 1995 1149 1158
    • (1995) Am Heart J , vol.129 , Issue.6 , pp. 1149-1158
    • Tamura, K.1    Fukuda, Y.2    Ishizaki, M.3    Masuda, Y.4    Yamanaka, N.5    Ferrans, V.J.6
  • 57
    • 0016271607 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the effect of age on the severity of heart valve lesions in the dog
    • J.C. Whitney Observations on the effect of age on the severity of heart valve lesions in the dog J Small Anim Pract 15 8 1974 511 522
    • (1974) J Small Anim Pract , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 511-522
    • Whitney, J.C.1
  • 59
    • 26944455996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural morphologic evaluation of the phenotype of valvular interstitial cells in dogs with myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve
    • A. Black, A.T. French, J. Dukes-McEwan, and B.M. Corcoran Ultrastructural morphologic evaluation of the phenotype of valvular interstitial cells in dogs with myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve Am J Vet Res 66 8 2005 1408 1414
    • (2005) Am J Vet Res , vol.66 , Issue.8 , pp. 1408-1414
    • Black, A.1    French, A.T.2    Dukes-Mcewan, J.3    Corcoran, B.M.4
  • 60
    • 0014122082 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular pathology
    • J.C. Whitney Cardiovascular pathology J Small Anim Pract 8 8 1967 459 465
    • (1967) J Small Anim Pract , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. 459-465
    • Whitney, J.C.1
  • 61
    • 0014507431 scopus 로고
    • Ballooning deformity (mucoid degeneration) of atrioventricular valves
    • A. Pomerance Ballooning deformity (mucoid degeneration) of atrioventricular valves Br Heart J 31 3 1969 343 351
    • (1969) Br Heart J , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 343-351
    • Pomerance, A.1
  • 62
    • 0342656143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitral valve prolapse in the dog: A model of mitral valve prolapse in man
    • H.D. Pedersen, and J. Häggström Mitral valve prolapse in the dog: a model of mitral valve prolapse in man Cardiovasc Res 47 2 2000 234 243
    • (2000) Cardiovasc Res , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 234-243
    • Pedersen, H.D.1    Häggström, J.2
  • 64
    • 0032893576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between clinical and histologic patterns of degenerative mitral valve insufficiency: A histomorphometric study of 130 excised segments
    • P. Fornes, D. Heudes, J.F. Fuzellier, D. Tixier, P. Bruneval, and A. Carpentier Correlation between clinical and histologic patterns of degenerative mitral valve insufficiency: a histomorphometric study of 130 excised segments Cardiovasc Pathol 8 2 1999 81 92
    • (1999) Cardiovasc Pathol , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 81-92
    • Fornes, P.1    Heudes, D.2    Fuzellier, J.F.3    Tixier, D.4    Bruneval, P.5    Carpentier, A.6
  • 65
    • 45949093964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of myofibroblasts, smooth muscle-like cells, macrophages, and mast cells in mitral valve leaflets of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
    • R.I. Han, A. Black, G.J. Culshaw, A.T. French, R.W. Else, and B.M. Corcoran Distribution of myofibroblasts, smooth muscle-like cells, macrophages, and mast cells in mitral valve leaflets of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease Am J Vet Res 69 6 2008 763 769
    • (2008) Am J Vet Res , vol.69 , Issue.6 , pp. 763-769
    • Han, R.I.1    Black, A.2    Culshaw, G.J.3    French, A.T.4    Else, R.W.5    Corcoran, B.M.6
  • 66
    • 0023650734 scopus 로고
    • Valvular incompetence in cavalier King Charles spaniels
    • P.G. Darke Valvular incompetence in cavalier King Charles spaniels Vet Rec 120 15 1987 365 366
    • (1987) Vet Rec , vol.120 , Issue.15 , pp. 365-366
    • Darke, P.G.1
  • 67
    • 0034987229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of MMP2, MMP9, MT1-MMP, TIMP1, and TIMP2 mRNA in valvular lesions of the heart
    • Y. Soini, J. Satta, M. Määttä, and H. Autio-Harmainen Expression of MMP2, MMP9, MT1-MMP, TIMP1, and TIMP2 mRNA in valvular lesions of the heart J Pathol 194 2 2001 225 231
    • (2001) J Pathol , vol.194 , Issue.2 , pp. 225-231
    • Soini, Y.1    Satta, J.2    Määttä, M.3    Autio-Harmainen, H.4
  • 68
    • 18744396058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD34+ fibrocytes in normal mitral valves and myxomatous mitral valve degeneration
    • P.J. Barth, H. Köster, and R. Moosdorf CD34+ fibrocytes in normal mitral valves and myxomatous mitral valve degeneration Pathol Res Pract 201 4 2005 301 304
    • (2005) Pathol Res Pract , vol.201 , Issue.4 , pp. 301-304
    • Barth, P.J.1    Köster, H.2    Moosdorf, R.3
  • 69
    • 30644474228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD117-positive cells and mast cells in adult human cardiac valves - Observations and implications for the creation of bioengineered grafts
    • J.P. Veinot, W. Prichett-Pejic, J. Song, G. Waghray, W. Parks, T.G. Mesana, and M. Ruel CD117-positive cells and mast cells in adult human cardiac valves - observations and implications for the creation of bioengineered grafts Cardiovasc Pathol 15 1 2006 36 40
    • (2006) Cardiovasc Pathol , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-40
    • Veinot, J.P.1    Prichett-Pejic, W.2    Song, J.3    Waghray, G.4    Parks, W.5    Mesana, T.G.6    Ruel, M.7
  • 70
    • 50249092065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interstitial cells from dogs with naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease undergo phenotype transformation
    • discussion 412
    • S. Disatian, E.J. Ehrhart, S. Zimmerman, and E.C. Orton Interstitial cells from dogs with naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease undergo phenotype transformation J Heart Valve Dis 17 4 2008 402 411 discussion 412
    • (2008) J Heart Valve Dis , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 402-411
    • Disatian, S.1    Ehrhart, E.J.2    Zimmerman, S.3    Orton, E.C.4
  • 71
    • 48949099429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, -beta2 and -beta3 in normal and diseased canine mitral valves
    • H. Aupperle, I. März, J. Thielebein, and H.-A. Schoon Expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, -beta2 and -beta3 in normal and diseased canine mitral valves J Comp Pathol 139 2-3 2008 97 107
    • (2008) J Comp Pathol , vol.139 , Issue.23 , pp. 97-107
    • Aupperle, H.1    März, I.2    Thielebein, J.3    Schoon, H.-A.4
  • 72
    • 77950887616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and cellular changes in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease: An image analysis study
    • R.I. Han, A. Black, G. Culshaw, A.T. French, and B.M. Corcoran Structural and cellular changes in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease: an image analysis study J Heart Valve Dis 19 1 2010 60 70
    • (2010) J Heart Valve Dis , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-70
    • Han, R.I.1    Black, A.2    Culshaw, G.3    French, A.T.4    Corcoran, B.M.5
  • 73
    • 34247166284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in myxomatous change of cardiac floppy valves
    • M. Togashi, K. Tamura, T. Nitta, M. Ishizaki, Y. Sugisaki, and Y. Fukuda Role of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in myxomatous change of cardiac floppy valves Pathol Int 57 5 2007 251 259
    • (2007) Pathol Int , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 251-259
    • Togashi, M.1    Tamura, K.2    Nitta, T.3    Ishizaki, M.4    Sugisaki, Y.5    Fukuda, Y.6
  • 74
    • 60849116979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An immunohistochemical study of the role of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in chronic mitral valvular disease (valvular endocardiosis) in dogs
    • H. Aupperle, J. Thielebein, B. Kiefer, I. März, G. Dinges, and H.-A. Schoon An immunohistochemical study of the role of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in chronic mitral valvular disease (valvular endocardiosis) in dogs Vet J 180 1 2009 88 94
    • (2009) Vet J , vol.180 , Issue.1 , pp. 88-94
    • Aupperle, H.1    Thielebein, J.2    Kiefer, B.3    März, I.4    Dinges, G.5    Schoon, H.-A.6
  • 75
    • 63549102220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in normal and diseased canine mitral valves
    • H. Aupperle, J. Thielebein, B. Kiefer, I. Marz, G. Dinges, H.A. Schoon, and A. Schubert Expression of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in normal and diseased canine mitral valves J Comp Pathol 140 4 2009 271 277
    • (2009) J Comp Pathol , vol.140 , Issue.4 , pp. 271-277
    • Aupperle, H.1    Thielebein, J.2    Kiefer, B.3    Marz, I.4    Dinges, G.5    Schoon, H.A.6    Schubert, A.7
  • 76
    • 33747793077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic expression patterns of mitral valve tissues from dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease
    • M.A. Oyama, and S.V. Chittur Genomic expression patterns of mitral valve tissues from dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease Am J Vet Res 67 8 2006 1307 1318
    • (2006) Am J Vet Res , vol.67 , Issue.8 , pp. 1307-1318
    • Oyama, M.A.1    Chittur, S.V.2
  • 77
    • 33748442982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitral valve prolapse - Some historical facts
    • T.O. Cheng Mitral valve prolapse - some historical facts Int J Cardiol 112 2 2006 264
    • (2006) Int J Cardiol , vol.112 , Issue.2 , pp. 264
    • Cheng, T.O.1
  • 78
    • 85047675473 scopus 로고
    • Heart valve changes common to man and dog: A comparative study
    • A. Pomerance, and J.C. Whitney Heart valve changes common to man and dog: a comparative study Cardiovasc Res 4 1 1970 61 66
    • (1970) Cardiovasc Res , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-66
    • Pomerance, A.1    Whitney, J.C.2
  • 79
    • 0022601232 scopus 로고
    • Age and the clinical profile of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse
    • A.J. Hickey, and D.E. Wilcken Age and the clinical profile of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse Br Heart J 55 6 1986 582 586
    • (1986) Br Heart J , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 582-586
    • Hickey, A.J.1    Wilcken, D.E.2
  • 81
    • 0018146830 scopus 로고
    • The floppy mitral valve. Study of incidence, pathology, and complications in surgical, necropsy, and forensic material
    • M.J. Davies, B.P. Moore, and M.V. Braimbridge The floppy mitral valve. Study of incidence, pathology, and complications in surgical, necropsy, and forensic material Br Heart J 40 5 1978 468 481
    • (1978) Br Heart J , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 468-481
    • Davies, M.J.1    Moore, B.P.2    Braimbridge, M.V.3
  • 82
    • 0842330667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The year in valvular heart disease
    • S.H. Rahimtoola The year in valvular heart disease J Am Coll Cardiol 43 3 2004 491 504
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 491-504
    • Rahimtoola, S.H.1
  • 83
    • 0027089864 scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on cardiovascular responses to static muscular contraction in beagles
    • G.C. Haidet Effect of age on cardiovascular responses to static muscular contraction in beagles J Appl Physiol 73 6 1992 2320 2327
    • (1992) J Appl Physiol , vol.73 , Issue.6 , pp. 2320-2327
    • Haidet, G.C.1
  • 85
    • 77954057909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canine degenerative myxomatous mitral valve disease: Natural history, clinical presentation and therapy
    • M. Borgarelli, and J. Haggstrom Canine degenerative myxomatous mitral valve disease: natural history, clinical presentation and therapy Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 40 4 2010 651 663
    • (2010) Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 651-663
    • Borgarelli, M.1    Haggstrom, J.2
  • 86
    • 77649141892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of spironolactone on survival in dogs with naturally occurring mitral regurgitation caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease
    • F. Bernay, J.M. Bland, J. Häggström, L. Baduel, B. Combes, A. Lopez, and V. Kaltsatos Efficacy of spironolactone on survival in dogs with naturally occurring mitral regurgitation caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease J Vet Intern Med 24 2 2010 331 341
    • (2010) J Vet Intern Med , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 331-341
    • Bernay, F.1    Bland, J.M.2    Häggström, J.3    Baduel, L.4    Combes, B.5    Lopez, A.6    Kaltsatos, V.7
  • 88
    • 0023753449 scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in aortic and mitral valve thickness: Implications for two-dimensional echocardiography based on an autopsy study of 200 normal human hearts
    • Y. Sahasakul, W.D. Edwards, J.M. Naessens, and A.J. Tajik Age-related changes in aortic and mitral valve thickness: implications for two-dimensional echocardiography based on an autopsy study of 200 normal human hearts Am J Cardiol 62 7 1988 424 430
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol , vol.62 , Issue.7 , pp. 424-430
    • Sahasakul, Y.1    Edwards, W.D.2    Naessens, J.M.3    Tajik, A.J.4
  • 89
    • 0037426110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early echocardiographic predictors of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dachshunds
    • L.H. Olsen, T. Martinussen, and H.D. Pedersen Early echocardiographic predictors of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dachshunds Vet Rec 152 10 2003 293 297
    • (2003) Vet Rec , vol.152 , Issue.10 , pp. 293-297
    • Olsen, L.H.1    Martinussen, T.2    Pedersen, H.D.3
  • 90
    • 33846810176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis regarding the effects of height and weight on life span of the domestic dog
    • K.A. Greer, S.C. Canterberry, and K.E. Murphy Statistical analysis regarding the effects of height and weight on life span of the domestic dog Res Vet Sci 82 2 2007 208 214
    • (2007) Res Vet Sci , vol.82 , Issue.2 , pp. 208-214
    • Greer, K.A.1    Canterberry, S.C.2    Murphy, K.E.3
  • 91
    • 0033586029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echocardiographic mitral valve prolapse in cavalier King Charles spaniels: Epidemiology and prognostic significance for regurgitation
    • H.D. Pedersen, K.A. Lorentzen, and B.O. Kristensen Echocardiographic mitral valve prolapse in cavalier King Charles spaniels: epidemiology and prognostic significance for regurgitation Vet Rec 144 12 1999 315 320
    • (1999) Vet Rec , vol.144 , Issue.12 , pp. 315-320
    • Pedersen, H.D.1    Lorentzen, K.A.2    Kristensen, B.O.3
  • 93
    • 0033190832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and inheritance of mitral valve prolapse in Dachshunds
    • L.H. Olsen, M. Fredholm, and H.D. Pedersen Epidemiology and inheritance of mitral valve prolapse in Dachshunds J Vet Intern Med 13 5 1999 448 456
    • (1999) J Vet Intern Med , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 448-456
    • Olsen, L.H.1    Fredholm, M.2    Pedersen, H.D.3
  • 94
    • 0030585518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between parental cardiac status in Cavalier King Charles spaniels and prevalence and severity of chronic valvular disease in offspring
    • L. Swenson, J. Haggstrom, C. Kvart, and R.K. Juneja Relationship between parental cardiac status in Cavalier King Charles spaniels and prevalence and severity of chronic valvular disease in offspring J Am Vet Med Assoc 208 12 1996 2009 2012
    • (1996) J Am Vet Med Assoc , vol.208 , Issue.12 , pp. 2009-2012
    • Swenson, L.1    Haggstrom, J.2    Kvart, C.3    Juneja, R.K.4
  • 95
    • 0041560980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between fibrillin-1 gene exon 15 and 27 polymorphisms and risk of mitral valve prolapse
    • H.T. Chou, Y.R. Shi, Y. Hsu, and F.J. Tsai Association between fibrillin-1 gene exon 15 and 27 polymorphisms and risk of mitral valve prolapse J Heart Valve Dis 12 4 2003 475 481
    • (2003) J Heart Valve Dis , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 475-481
    • Chou, H.T.1    Shi, Y.R.2    Hsu, Y.3    Tsai, F.J.4
  • 96
    • 15244351171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marfan syndrome and mitral valve prolapse
    • A.E. Weyman, and M. Scherrer-Crosbie Marfan syndrome and mitral valve prolapse J Clin Invest 114 11 2004 1543 1546
    • (2004) J Clin Invest , vol.114 , Issue.11 , pp. 1543-1546
    • Weyman, A.E.1    Scherrer-Crosbie, M.2
  • 98
    • 34247142706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetics of mitral valve prolapse
    • R. Levine, and S. Slaugenhaupt Molecular genetics of mitral valve prolapse Curr Opin Cardiol 22 3 2007 171 175
    • (2007) Curr Opin Cardiol , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 171-175
    • Levine, R.1    Slaugenhaupt, S.2
  • 104
    • 0026903237 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between pulmonary arterial pressure and lesions in the pulmonary arteries and parenchyma, and cardiac valves in canine dirofilariasis
    • Y. Sasaki, H. Kitagawa, and Y. Hirano Relationship between pulmonary arterial pressure and lesions in the pulmonary arteries and parenchyma, and cardiac valves in canine dirofilariasis J Vet Med Sci 54 4 1992 739 744
    • (1992) J Vet Med Sci , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 739-744
    • Sasaki, Y.1    Kitagawa, H.2    Hirano, Y.3
  • 105
    • 79951915137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of transforming growth factor-β3 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 on the pathogenesis of chronic mitral valvular disease in dogs
    • K. Obayashi, S. Miyagawa-Tomita, H. Matsumoto, H. Koyama, T. Nakanishi, and H. Hirose Effects of transforming growth factor-β3 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 on the pathogenesis of chronic mitral valvular disease in dogs Am J Vet Res 72 2 2011 194 202
    • (2011) Am J Vet Res , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 194-202
    • Obayashi, K.1    Miyagawa-Tomita, S.2    Matsumoto, H.3    Koyama, H.4    Nakanishi, T.5    Hirose, H.6
  • 106
    • 67649404604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A technique for in vitro culture of canine valvular interstitial cells
    • A.M. Heaney, B.J. Bulmer, C.R. Ross, and T. Schermerhorn A technique for in vitro culture of canine valvular interstitial cells J Vet Cardiol 11 1 2009 1 7
    • (2009) J Vet Cardiol , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Heaney, A.M.1    Bulmer, B.J.2    Ross, C.R.3    Schermerhorn, T.4
  • 109
    • 79251480413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor-2 promotes in vitro mitral valve interstitial cell repair through transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling
    • L. Han, and A.I. Gotlieb Fibroblast growth factor-2 promotes in vitro mitral valve interstitial cell repair through transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling Am J Pathol 178 1 2011 119 127
    • (2011) Am J Pathol , vol.178 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-127
    • Han, L.1    Gotlieb, A.I.2
  • 110
    • 55349103073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-beta regulates in vitro heart valve repair by activated valve interstitial cells
    • A.C. Liu, and A.I. Gotlieb Transforming growth factor-beta regulates in vitro heart valve repair by activated valve interstitial cells Am J Pathol 173 5 2008 1275 1285
    • (2008) Am J Pathol , vol.173 , Issue.5 , pp. 1275-1285
    • Liu, A.C.1    Gotlieb, A.I.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.