A survey of photocatalytic materials for environmental remediation

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volumn 211-212, Issue , 2012, Pages 3-29

  Di Paola, Agatino ^a,b   García López, Elisa ^a,b   Marcì, Giuseppe ^a,b   Palmisano, Leonardo ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PALERMO   (Italy)

^b Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale dell'Università   (Italy)

Author keywords

Air cleaning; Environmental remediation; Heterogeneous photocatalysis; Photocatalyic materials; Water treatment

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE CARBON; ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES; AIR CLEANING; CHARACTERIZATION AND TESTING; ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION; HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS; PHOTO-DECOMPOSITION; PHOTOCATALYTIC MATERIALS; QUATERNARY COMPOUND; STARTING COMPOUNDS; TIO; WATER PURIFICATION;

AIR FILTERS; CHARACTERIZATION; PHOTOCATALYSIS; WATER SUPPLY; WATER TREATMENT;

TITANIUM DIOXIDE;

ACTIVATED CARBON; BISMUTH OXYHALIDE; FERRITE; FULLERENE; GALLIC ACID; GRAPHITE; INDIUM HYDROXIDE; IRON OXIDE; MULTI WALLED NANOTUBE; NANOMATERIAL; SINGLE WALLED NANOTUBE; TITANIUM DIOXIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VANADIC ACID; ZINC OXIDE;

CATALYSIS; CATALYST; FULLERENE; GRAPHITE; OXIDE; REMEDIATION; SURVEY; WATER TREATMENT;

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CONDUCTOR; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; PHOTOCATALYSIS; REVIEW;

CATALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOTUBES, CARBON; OXIDES; PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; TITANIUM; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

EID: 84858290705     PISSN: 03043894     EISSN: 18733336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.050     Document Type: Review

References (439)

1. Hoffmann M.R., Martin S.T., Choi W.Y., Bahnemann D.W. Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95:69-96.
2. Rajeshwar K., Osugi M.E., Chanmanee W., Chenthamarakshan C.R., Zanoni M.V.B., Kajitvichyanukul P., Krishnan-Ayer R. Heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment of organic dyes in air and aqueous media. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C: Photochem. Rev. 2008, 9:171-192.
3. Zhang H., Chen G., Bahnemann D.W. Photoelectrocatalytic materials for environmental applications. J. Mat. Chem. 2009, 19:5089-5121.
4. 2: challenges and opportunities. Energy Environ. Sci. 2009, 2:1231-1257.
5. Vinu R., Madras G. Environmental remediation by photocatalysis. J. Indian Inst. Sci. 2010, 90:189-230.
6. Tseng T.K., Lin Y.S., Chen Y.J., Chu H. A review of photocatalysts prepared by sol-gel method for VOCs removal. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11:2336-2361.
7. Kou J.H., Gao J., Li Z.S., Zou Z.G. Research on photocatalytic degradation properties of organics with different new photocatalysts. Curr. Org. Chem. 2010, 14:728-744.
8. Zhang D., Li G., Yu J.C. Inorganic materials for photocatalytic water disinfection. J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20:4529-4536.
9. Matos J., Laine J., Herrmann J.-M. Synergy effect in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on a suspended mixture of titania and activated carbon. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 1998, 18:281-291.
10. Matos J., Laine J., Herrmann J.-M. Effect of the type of activated carbons on the photocatalytic degradation of aqueous organic pollutants by UV-irradiated titania. J. Catal. 2001, 200:10-20.
11. 2 activation by using activated carbon as a support. Part II. Photoreactivity and FTIR study. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2003, 44:153-160.
12. Matos J., Laine J., Herrmann J.-M., Uzcategui D., Brito J.L. Influence of activated carbon upon titania on aqueous photocatalytic consecutive runs of phenol photodegradation. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2007, 70:461-469.
13. 2 and ZnO mediated photo-assisted degradation of 2-propanol in gas-solid regime. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2010, 99:170-180.
14. Inagaki M., Kojin F., Tryba B., Toyoda M. Carbon-coated anatase: the role of the carbon layer for photocatalytic performance. Carbon 2005, 43:1652-1659.
15. 2 and photoactivity. J. Mater. Chem. 2002, 12:1391-1396.
16. Tryba B., Morawski A.W., Tsumura T., Toyoda M., Inagaki M. Hybridization of adsorptivity with photocatalytic activity - carbon-coated anatase. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2004, 167:127-135.
17. 2 and adsorptive carbon. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2002, 196:429-436.
18. 2: synthesis, characterization and visible photocatalytic performance. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 111:933-939.
19. Tryba B., Tsumura T., Janus M., Morawski A.W., Inagaki M. Carbon-coated anatase: adsorption and decomposition of phenol in water. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2004, 50:177-183.
20. Takeda N., Torimoto T., Sampath S., Kuwabata S., Yoneyama H. Effect of inert supports for titanium dioxide loading on enhancement of photodecomposition rate of gaseous propionaldehyde. J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99:9986-9991.
21. Torimoto T., Ito S., Kuwabata S., Yoneyama H. Effects of adsorbents used as supports for titanium dioxide loading on photocatalytic degradation of propyzamide. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30:1275-1281.
22. 2-loaded activated carbon on photodegradation behaviors of dichloromethane. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1997, 103:153-157.
23. 2-mounted activated carbon to the removal of phenol from water. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2003, 41:427-433.
24. 2 microsphere composites and their evaluation. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2002, 177:255-263.
25. 2 immobilized on activated carbon filter for the photodegradation of pollutants at typical indoor air level. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2003, 44:191-205.
26. 2/AC composite photocatalyst with high activity and easy separation prepared by a hydrothermal method. J. Hazard. Mater. 2007, 143:257-263.
27. 2 nanoparticles prepared by a sol-gel method. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2007, 253:9254-9258.
28. 2-coated active carbon composites with increased photocatalytic activity prepared by a properly controlled sol-gel method. Mater. Lett. 2005, 59:2659-2663.
29. 2 deposited on activated carbon. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2009, 255:3953-3958.
30. Toledo J.A., Cortes-Jacome M.A., Orozco-Cerros S.L., Montiel-Palacios E., Suarez-Parra R., Angeles-Chavez C., Navarrete J., López-Salinas E. Assessing optimal photoactivity on titania nanotubes using different annealing temperatures. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2011, 100:47-54.
31. 2 nanotube arrays with controllable length for photoelectrocatalytic degradation of phenol. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:253-259.
32. Zhuang H., Lin C., Lai Y., Sun L., Li J. Some critical structure factors of titanium oxide nanotube array in its photocatalytic activity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:4735-4740.
33. Xu H., Vanamu G., Nie Z., Konishi H., Yeredla R., Phillips J., Wang Y. Photocatalytic oxidation of a volatile organic component of acetaldehyde using titanium oxide nanotubes. J. Nanomater. 2006, 2006:1-8. Article ID 78902.
34. 2 nanotube layers as highly efficient photocatalysts. Small 2007, 3:300-304.
35. 2 nanotube array on Ti substrate on its photocatalytic activity. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2006, 153:D123-D128.
36. 2 nanotube arrays with controllable dimensions on glass substrates for photocatalytic applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2010, 2:498-503.
37. 2 nanotube arrays. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42:8547-8551.
38. 2 nanotubes under UV and visible. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2010, 97:354-360.
39. 2 hybrid materials for the photocatalytic oxidation of propene at low concentration. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2009, 92:377-383.
40. Eder D. Carbon nanotube-inorganic hybrids. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110:1348-1385.
41. 2 by using carbon nanotubes. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2005, 289:186-196.
42. Wang W., Serp P., Kalck P., Faria J.L. Photocatalytic degradation of phenol on MWNT and titania composite catalysts prepared by a modified sol-gel method. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2005, 56:305-312.
43. 2 composite catalysts prepared by a modified sol-gel method. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2005, 235:194-199.
44. 2 composite materials for photocatalytic water treatment applications. Mater. Res. Bull. 2008, 43:958-967.
45. 2/carbon nanotube composites: synthesis and reactivity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42:4952-4957.
46. 2 nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 2008, 19:45604-45611.
47. 2 layer and their first application in photocatalysis. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2008, 200:301-306.
48. Wang Q., Yang D., Chen D., Wang Y., Jiang Z. Synthesis of anatase titania-carbon nanotubes nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity through a nanocoating-hydrothermal process. J. Nanopart. Res. 2007, 9:1087-1096.
49. 2 composites thermally derived from MWCNT and titanium(IV) n-butoxide. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2008, 29:159-164.
50. 2 composites prepared from MWCNT and titanium(IV) n-butoxide with benzene. J. Korean Ceram. Soc. 2008, 45:651-657.
51. 2 by using carbon nanotubes for the treatment of azo dye. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2005, 61:1-11.
52. 4 in water. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113:15166-15174.
53. Suzuki S., Bower C., Watanabe Y., Zhou O. Work functions and valence band states of pristine and Cs-intercalated single-walled carbon nanotube bundles. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 76:4007-4009.
54. 2/short MWNTs with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Mater. Lett. 2007, 61:2467-2472.
55. 2) composite prepared by a novel surfactant wrapping sol-gel method. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2008, 85:17-23.
56. 2) nanocomposites prepared by conventional and novel surfactant wrapping sol-gel methods exhibiting enhanced photocatalytic activity. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2009, 89:503-509.
57. Yu G., Gao J., Hummelen J.C., Wudl F., Heeger A.J. Polymer photovoltaic cells: enhanced efficiencies via a network of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions. Science 1995, 270:1789-1791.
58. 2@C core-shell composite nanoparticles and evaluation of their photocatalytic activities. Chem. Mater. 2006, 18:2275-2282.
59. 2 particles with graphite-like carbon. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18:2180-2189.
60. 2/graphitized carbon, and the resultant graphitized carbon with periodically macroporous structure. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19:477-484.
61. 2 nanotube arrays: a novel functional material with tube-in-tube nanostructure. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:8939-8943.
62. Panagiotou G.D., Tzirakis M.D., Vakros J., Loukatzikou L., Orfanopoulos M., Kordulis C., Lycourghiotis A. Development of [60]fullerene supported on silica catalysts for the photo-oxidation of alkenes. Appl. Catal. A 2010, 372:16-25.
63. Tizirakis M.D., Vakros J., Loukatzikou L., Amargianitakis V., Orfanopoulos M., Kordulis C., Lycourghiotis A. γ-alumina-supported [60]fullerene catalysts: synthesis, properties and applications in the photoosidation of alkenes. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2010, 316:65-74.
64. Apostolopoulou V., Vakros J., Kordulis C., Lycourghiotis A. Preparation and characterization of [60]fullerene nanoparticles supported on titania used as photocatalyst. Colloids Surf. A. 2009, 349:189-194.
65. 2 semiconductor suspensions. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98:9137-9142.
66. Krishna V., Noguchi N., Koopman B., Moudgil B. Enhancement of titanium dioxide photocatalysis by water-soluble fullerenes. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2006, 304:166-171.
67. 2 composite and its photocatalytic effect. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2007, 13:1208-1214.
68. 60 derivative and enhanced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of acqueous Cr(VI) ions. Catal. Commun. 2010, 11:741-744.
69. Park Y., Singh N.J., Kim K.S., Tachikawa T., Majima T., Choi W. Fullerol-titania charge transfer mediated photocatalysis working under visible light. Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15:10843-10850.
70. 2 photocatalysts via graphene-like carbon in situ hybridization. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2011, 100:179-183.
71. 2. Nano Lett. 2007, 7:1643-1648.
72. Zhang H., Lv X., Li Y., Wang Y., Li J. P25-graphene composite as a high performance photocatalyst. ACS Nano 2010, 4:380-386.
73. Lillo-Ródenas M.A., Bouazza N., Berenguer-Murcia A., Linares-Salinas J.J., Soto P., Linares-Solano A. Photocatalytic oxidation of propene at low concentration. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2007, 71:298-309.
74. 2 for the oxidation of propene at low concentration. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2008, 77:284-293.
75. 2 in the visible light region. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1986, 123:126-128.
76. Asahi R., Morikawa T., Ohwaki T., Aoki K., Taga Y. Visible-light photocatalysis in nitrogen-doped titanium oxides. Science 2001, 293:269-271.
77. 2/Ti photoelectrodes by theoretical and experimental methods. J. Mater. Sci. 2011, 46:7822-7829.
78. 2s - properties and some fundamental issues. Int. J. Photoenergy 2008, 2008:1-19. Article ID 258394.
79. 2 narrowed by anion- and cation-doping of titanium dioxide in second-generation photocatalysts?. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110:24287-24293.
80. 2: theory and experiment. Chem. Phys. 2007, 339:44-56.
81. x powders. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107:5483-5486.
82. Ihara T., Miyoshi M., Iriyama Y., Matsumoto O., Sugihara S. Visible-light-active titanium oxide photocatalyst realized by an oxygen-deficient structure and by nitrogen doping. Appl. Catal. B 2003, 42:403-409.
83. 2O under ammonia atmosphere for visible light photocatalysis. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2005, 88:269-280.
84. 2 from tertiary amine: role of defects and paramagnetic species. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2010, 96:314-322.
85. 2 photocatalysts by wet-method N doping. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2005, 284:131-137.
86. 2 prepared from different nitrogen dopants. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 168:253-261.
87. 2 via a sonochemical method. Mater. Res. Bull. 2011, 46:2041-2044.
88. 2 catalysts and their photocatalytic activity under UV and Vis illumination. J. Solid State Chem. 2009, 182:3076-3084.
89. Livraghi S., Paganini M.C., Giamello E., Selloni A., Di Valentin C., Pacchioni G. Origin of photoactivity of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide under visible light. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128:15666-15671.
90. 2 nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2003, 3:1049-1051.
91. 2 photocatalyst with high visible-light activity. J. Alloys Compd. 2010, 502:289-294.
92. 2 nanoparticles. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20:2629-2636.
93. 2 photocatalysts and study on their photocatalytic activities in visible light. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2009, 89:563-569.
94. x nanocatalyst. J. Hazard. Mater. 2007, 144:328-333.
95. 2 nanophotocatalyst with high visible light activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111:6976-6982.
96. Chi B., Zhao L., Jin T. One-step template-free route for synthesis of mesoporous N-doped titania spheres. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111:6189-6193.
97. 3N/EtOH fluid under supercritical conditions. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:6546-6550.
98. Ihara T., Miyoshi N., Iriyama Y., Matsumoto O., Sugihara S. Visible-light-active titanium oxide photocatalyst realized by an oxygen-deficient structure and by nitrogen doping. Appl. Catal. B 2003, 42:403-409.
99. 2: characterization and photocatalytic performance under UV and visibile light. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2009, 11:4084-4093.
100. Gandhe A.R., Fernandes J.B. A simple method to synthesize N-doped rutile titania with enhanced photocatalytic activity in sunlight. J. Solid State Chem. 2005, 178:2953-2957.
101. 2 phases having enhanced photocatalytic activity. Micropor. Mesopor. Mat. 2005, 87:103-109.
102. y(A=N, S) prepared by precipitation route. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 2006, 179:105-114.
103. 2 in the presence of various amines. Chin. J. Catal. 2006, 27:1091-1095.
104. 2. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108:19384-19387.
105. Wang Z.Y., Zhang F.X., Yang Y.L., Xue B., Cui J., Guan N.J. Facile postsynthesis of visible-light-sensitive titanium dioxide/mesoporous SBA-15. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19:3286-3293.
106. Aita Y., Komatsu M., Yin S., Sato T. Phase-compositional control and visible light photocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped titania via solvothermal process. J. Solid State Chem. 2004, 177:3235-3238.
107. x and its photocatalytic activity. J. Solid State Chem. 2006, 179:1067-1075.
108. 2 nanothin films. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2011, 257:7179-7183.
109. 2 microtubes as a highly efficient photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Catal. Commun. 2008, 9:146-152.
110. 2 nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2010, 71:156-162.
111. 2 photocatalyst using the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis method. Chin. J. Catal. 2006, 27:697-702.
112. Sakthivel S., Kisch H. Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide. Chemphyschem 2003, 4:487-490.
113. 2 films grown on glass by chemical vapour deposition. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2006, 179:213-223.
114. 2 prepared by thermal decomposition of Ti-melamine complex. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2007, 74:307-312.
115. 2 nanorods and nanotubes with high nitrogen content. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2011, 258:972-976.
116. 2 nanotube arrays. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2010, 256:4397-4401.
117. 2-plasma for visible light-driven photocatalysis. J. Alloys Compd. 2011, 509:9970-9976.
118. 2/Ti photoelectrode prepared by plasma based ion implantation under visible light. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 175:524-531.
119. 2 hollow spheres with high photocatalytic activity under visible light. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Thecnol. 2010, 55:377-384.
120. 2. Mater. Res. Bull. 2011, 46:840-844.
121. 2 thin film as a photocatalyst using a pulsed laser deposition method. Thin Solid Films 2004, 453-454:162.
122. Matsumoto T., Iyi N., Kaneko Y., Kitamura K., Ishihara S., Takasu Y., Murakami Y. High visible-light photocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped titania prepared from layered titania/isostearate nano composite. Catal. Today 2007, 120:226-232.
123. 2 nanopowder. Catal. Today 2009, 144:7-12.
124. x photocatalysts and their transformation at the nanoscale. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108:1230-1240.
125. 2 photocatalysts. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:18150-18156.
126. Mangrulkar P.A., Kamble S.P., Joshi M.M., Meshram J.S., Labhsetwar N.K., Rayalu S.S. Photocatalytic degradation of phenolics by N-doped mesoporous titania under solar radiation. Int. J. Photoenergy 2012, 2012:1-10. Article ID 780562.
127. 2: explaining photocatalytic properties by electronic and magnetic identification of N active sites. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2009, 93:149-155.
128. 2 with nitrogen to modify the interval of photocatalytic activation towards visible radiation. Catal. Today 2005, 107-108:602-605.
129. 2 photocatalyst. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2009, 202:39-47.
130. 2 thin film photocatalysts by the radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition method and their photocatalytic reactivity under visible light irradiation. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110:25266-25272.
131. 2 photocatalyst with its grinding in solvent. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2008, 84:570-576.
132. 2 photocatalysts. Part 2. Photocatalytic behavior under sunlight excitation. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2006, 65:309-314.
133. 2 composed of well-defined multilayer nanoflakes by Ti anodization. Nanotechnology 2011, 22:305607. (9pp).
134. Wang J., Zhu W., Zhang Y., Liu S. An efficient two-step technique for nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide synthesizing: visible-light-induced photodecomposition of methylene blue. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111:1010-1014.
135. 2 photocatalyst containing nitrogen. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2006, 62:150-158.
136. 2 catalysts thin films under UV/visible light. J. Mol. Struct. 2010, 983:147-152.
137. 2O. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111:15357-15362.
138. 2 powders. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110:13158-13165.
139. 2 films: the role of the different nitrogen sources. Catal. Today 2011, 161:169-174.
140. 2 prepared by a simple sol-gel process. Res. Chem. Intermed. 2009, 35:43-53.
141. 2 suspensions with various light sources. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2005, 57:223-231.
142. 2 with large surface area and high crystallinity. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2010, 256:3740-3745.
143. 2 under sunlight irradiation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2009, 201:15-22.
144. 2 under sunlight irradiation. Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 2008, 92:76-83.
145. x with low nitrogen concentration. Int. J. Photoenergy 2012, 2012:1-9. art. no. 759306.
146. 2 photocatalysts. Chem. Phys. 2007, 339:64-72.
147. 2 in photodegradation of phenols. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2009, 207:13-19.
148. 3 for photodegradation of air pollutants. Catal. Today 2009, 144:31-36.
149. 2 photocatalysts: effect of nitrogen precursors on their photocatalysis for decomposition of gas-phase organic pollutants. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2005, 117:67-75.
150. 2. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 2007, 24:1017-1021.
151. 2. Chem. Eng. J. 2010, 161:83-92.
152. 2 photocatalyst. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 184:533-537.
153. 2. Molecules 2010, 15:2994-3009.
154. Klauson D., Portjanskaja E., Preis S. Visible light-assisted photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants using nitrogen-doped titania. Environ. Chem. Lett. 2008, 6:35-39.
155. Miyauchi M., Nakajima A., Watanabe T., Hashimoto K. Photocatalysis and photoinduced hydrophilicity of various metal oxide thin films. Chem. Mater. 2002, 14:2812-2816.
156. Akyol A., Bayramoglu M. Photocatalytic degradation of Remazol Red F3B using ZnO catalyst. J. Hazard. Mater. B 2005, 124:241-246.
157. 2. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2004, 162:317-322.
158. Comparelli R., Fanizza E., Curri M.L., Cozzi P.D., Mascolo G., Agostiano G. UV-induced photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by organic-capped ZnO nanocrystals immobilized onto substrates. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2005, 60:1-11.
159. Yatmaz H.C., Akyol A., Bayramoglu M. Kinetics of the photocatalytic decolorization of an azo reactive dye in aqueous ZnO suspensions. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2004, 43:6035-6039.
160. Su S., Lu S.X., Xu W.G. Photocatalytic degradation of reactive brilliant blue X-BR in aqueous solution using quantum-sized ZnO. Mater. Res. Bull. 2008, 43:2172-2178.
161. Sharma A., Rao P., Mathur R.P., Ameta S.C. Photocatalytic reactions of xylidine ponceau on semiconducting zinc oxide powder. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 1995, 86:197-200.
162. Mai F.D., Chen C.C., Chen J.L., Liu S.C. Photodegradation of methyl green using visible irradiation in ZnO suspensions. Determination of the reaction pathway and identification of intermediates by a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method. J. Chromatogr. A 2008, 1189:355-365.
163. Pare B., Jonnalagadda S.B., Tomar H., Singh P., Bhagwat V.W. ZnO assisted photocatalytic degradation of acridine orange in aqueous solution using visible irradiation. Desalination 2008, 232:80-90.
164. Lu C., Wu Y., Mai F., Chung W., Wu C., Lin W., Chen C. Degradation efficiencies and mechanisms of the ZnO-mediated photocatalytic degradation of Basic Blue 11 under visible light irradiation. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2009, 310:159-165.
165. Torres Delgado G., Zúñiga Romero C.I., Mayén Hernández S.A., Castanedo Pérez R., Zelaya Angel O. Optical and structural properties of the sol-gel-prepared ZnO thin films and their effect on the photocatalytic activity. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2009, 93:55-59.
166. Sobana N., Swaminathan M. Combination effect of ZnO and activated carbon for solar assisted photocatalytic degradation of Direct Blue 53. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2007, 91:727-734.
167. Kansal S.K., Ali A.H., Kapoor S. Photocatalytic decolorization of biebrich scarlet dye in aqueous phase using different nanophotocatalysts. Desalination 2010, 259:147-155.
168. Jang Y.J., Simer C., Ohm T. Comparison of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its nano-crystalline particles on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. Mater. Res. Bull. 2006, 41:67-77.
169. Yassitepe E., Yatmaz H.C., öztürk C., öztürk K., Duran C. Photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO plates in degradation of azo dye solutions. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2008, 198:1-6.
170. Navarro S., Fenoll J., Vela N., Ruiz E., Navarro G. Photocatalytic degradation of eight pesticides in leaching water by use of ZnO under natural sunlight. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 172:1303-1310.
171. Chen C.C. Degradation pathways of ethyl violet by photocatalytic reaction with ZnO dispersions. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2006, 264:82-92.
172. Gouvêa C.A.K., Wypych F., Moraes S.G., Durán N., Nagata N., Peralta-Zamora P. Semiconductor-assisted photocatalytic degradation of reactive dyes in aqueous solution. Chemosphere 2000, 40:433-440.
173. Akyol A., Yatmaz H.C., Bayramoglu M. Photocatalytic decolorization of Remazol Red RR in aqueous ZnO suspensions. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2004, 54:19-24.
174. 2. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2003, 77:65-82.
175. 2 and ZnO suspensions. Catal. Today 2002, 76:235-246.
176. Poulios I., Tsachpinis I. Photodegradation of the textile dye Reactive Black 5 in the presence of semiconducting oxides. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 1999, 74:349-357.
177. 2 and ZnO photocatalysts. J. Environ. Sci. Health A Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. 1999, 34:1829-1838.
178. 2 and ZnO catalysts. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2004, 48:101-111.
179. Percherancier P., Chapelon R., Pouyet B. Semiconductor-sensitized photodegradation of pesticides in water: the case of carbetamide. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1995, 87:261-266.
180. 2 and ZnO in aqueous suspensions. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2001, 141:231-239.
181. Poulios I., Kositzi M., Kouras A. Photocatalytic decomposition of triclopyr over aqueous semiconductor suspensions. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1998, 115:175-183.
182. Colón G., Hidalgo M.C., Navío J.A., Pulido Melián E., González Díaz O., Doña Rodríguez J.M. Highly photoactive ZnO by amine capping-assisted hydrothermal treatment. Appl. Catal. B 2008, 83:30-38.
183. Yeber M.C., Rodríguez J., Freer J., Baeza J., Durán N., Mansilla H.D. Advanced oxidation of a pulp mill bleaching wastewater. Chemosphere 1999, 39:1679-1688.
184. Khalil L.B., Mourad W.E., Rophael M.W. Photocatalytic reduction of environmental pollutant Cr(VI) over some semiconductors under UV/visible light illumination. Appl. Catal. B 1998, 17:267-273.
185. 2 and ZnO suspensions. Catal. Today 2007, 124:156-162.
186. Akyol A., Bayramoglu M. Performance comparison of ZnO photocatalyst in various reactor systems. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2010, 85:1455-1462.
187. García-López E., Marcì G., Serpone N., Hidaka H. Photoassisted oxidation of the recalcitrant cyanuric acid substrate in aqueous ZnO suspensions. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111:18025-18032.
188. Mijin D., Savić M., Snežana P., Smiljanić A., Glavaški O., Jovanović M., Petrović S. A study of the photocatalytic degradation of metamitron in ZnO water suspensions. Desalination 2009, 249:286-292.
189. Abdel A.A., Mahmoud S.A., Aboul-Gheit A.K. Sol-gel and thermally evaporated nanostructured thin ZnO films for photocatalytic degradation of trichlorophenol. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2009, 4:627-634.
190. Domenech J., Prieto A. Stability of ZnO particles in aqueous suspensions under UV illumination. J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90:1123-1126.
191. Kislov N., Lahiri J., Verma H., Goswami D.Y., Stefanakos E., Batzill M. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over single crystalline ZnO: orientation dependence of photoactivity and photostability of ZnO. Langmuir 2009, 25:3310-3315.
192. Dindar B., Içli S. Unusual photoreactivity of zinc oxide irradiated by concentrated sunlight. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2001, 140:263-268.
193. Pardeshi S.K., Patil A.B. A simple route for photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous zinc oxide suspension using solar energy. Sol. Energy 2008, 82:700-705.
194. Zhang L., Cheng H., Zong R., Zhu Y. Photocorrosion suppression of ZnO nanoparticles via hybridization with grahite-like carbon and enhanced photocatalytic activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113:2368-2374.
195. Zhang H., Zhong R., Zhu Y. Photocorrosion inhibition and photoactivity enhancement for zinc oxide via hybridization with monolayer polyaniline. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113:4605-4611.
196. Sclafani A., Palmisano L., Schiavello M., Augugliaro V., Coluccia S., Marchese L. The photodecomposition of ethanoic acid adsorbed over semiconductor and insulator oxides. Part. I. Pure oxides. New J. Chem. 1988, 12:129-135.
197. 2 in a continuous flow reactor. Mater. Res. Bull. 2006, 41:2210-2218.
198. El-Kemary M., El-Shamy H., El-Mehasseb I. Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin drug in water using ZnO nanoparticles. J. Lumin. 2010, 130:2327-2331.
199. Velmurugan R., Swaminathan M. An efficient nanostructured ZnO for dye sensitized degradation of Reactive Red 120 dye under solar light. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2011, 95:942-950.
200. Kitture R., Koppikar S.J., Kaul-Ghanekar R., Kale S.N. Catalyst efficiency, photostability and reusability study of ZnO nanoparticles in visible light for dye degradation. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2011, 72:60-66.
201. Shinde V., Gujar T.P., Noda T., Fujita D., Vinu A., Grandcolas M., Ye J. Growth of shape- and size-selective zinc oxide nanorods by a microwave-assisted bath deposition method: effect on photocatalysis properties. Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16:10569-10575.
202. Xu F., Zhang P., Navrotsky A., Yuan Z.-Y., Ren T.-Z., Halasa M., Su B.-L. Hierarchically assembled porous ZnO nanoparticles: synthesis, surface energy, and photocatalytic activity. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19:5680-5686.
203. 2 hollow spheres with enhanced photoreactivity. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2009, 158:40-47.
204. Mohajerani M.S., Lak A., Simchi A. Effect of morphology on the solar photocatalytic behavior of ZnO nanostructures. J. Alloys Compd. 2009, 485:616-620.
205. Wang Y., Li X., Wang N., Quan X., Chen Y. Controllable synthesis of ZnO nanoflowers and their morphology-dependent photocatalytic activities. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2008, 62:727-732.
206. Li B., Wang Y. Facile synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of flower-like ZnO hierarchical microstructures. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114:890-896.
207. 2O as a photocatalyst for overall water splitting under visible light irradiation. Chem. Commun. 1998, 357-358.
208. 2O polyhedral microcrystals on photocatalytic activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114:5073-5079.
209. 2O octahedra and their morphology-dependent photocatalytic properties. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110:13829-13834.
210. 2O crystals with morphological evolution from cubic to hexapod structures and their comparative photocatalytic activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113:14159-14164.
211. 2O and their stabilities in photocatalytic reactions. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113:14448-14453.
212. Huang L., Peng F., Yu H., Wang H. Preparation of cuprous oxides with different sizes and their behaviours of adsorption, visible-light driven photocatalysis and photocorrosion. Solid State Sci. 2009, 11:129-138.
213. 2O/Cu nanocomposites under visible light. Catal. Lett. 2009, 132:75-80.
214. 2O flowerlike architecture: polyol synthesis, photocatalytic activity and stability under simulated solar light. Mater. Res. Bull. 2010, 45:961-968.
215. 3 employed for phenol photodegradation in aqueous suspension. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 1998, 51:203-219.
216. 2 semiconductor catalysts in phenol degradation by laser enhanced photo-catalytic process. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2007, 445:325-330.
217. 3 semiconductor photocatalyst prepared from amorphous peroxo-tungstic acid for the degradation of various organic compounds. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2010, 94:150-157.
218. 3 films: morphology, photoelectrochemical response and photocatalytic activity for methylene blue and hexavalent chrome conversion. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2008, 612:112-120.
219. 3 film electrode. Electrochim. Acta 2001, 46:2913-2922.
220. 3 and its catalytic activity for enhanced antimicrobial process for water purification using laser induced photo-catalysis. Catal. Commun. 2009, 11:214-219.
221. 3. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 186:1226-1233.
222. Kim H., Senthil K., Yong K. Photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties of tungsten oxide nanorods grown by thermal evaporation. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2010, 120:452-455.
223. 3 hollow shells: dendrite, sphere and dumbbell and their photocatalytic properties. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18:1922-1928.
224. Shahid M., Rhen D.S., Shakir I., Patole S.P., Yoo J.B., Yang S.-J., Kang D.J. Facile synthesis of single crystalline vanadium pentoxide nanowires and their photocatalytic behavior. Mater. Lett. 2010, 64:2458-2461.
225. Li B., Xu Y., Rong G., Jing M., Xie Y. Vanadium pentoxide nanobelts and nanorolls: from controllable synthesis to investigation of their electrochemical properties and photocatalytic activities. Nanotechnology 2006, 17:2560-2566.
226. Leland J.K., Bard A.J. Photochemistry of colloidal semiconducting iron oxide polymorphs. J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91:5076-5083.
227. Mazellier P., Bolte M. Heterogeneous light-induced transformation of 2,6-dimethylphenol in aqueous suspensions containing goethite. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2000, 132:129-133.
228. Bandara J., Mielczarski J.A., Lopez A., Kiwi J. 2. Sensitized degradation of chlorophenols on iron oxides induced by visible light. Comparison with titanium oxide. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2001, 34:321-333.
229. Wang Y., Liu C.S., Li F.B., Liu C.P., Liang J.B. Photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene by iron oxide in solid phase. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 162:716-723.
230. 3 film. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2006, 294:504-507.
231. 3 hollow spheres. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111:2123-2127.
232. 3 nanorods and their photocatalytic and magnetic properties. J. Alloys Compd. 2009, 477:90-99.
233. Lian S., Wang E., Gao L., Wu D., Song Y., Xu L. Surfactant-assisted solvothermal preparation of submicrometer-sized hollow hematite particles and their photocatalytic activity. Mater. Res. Bull. 2006, 41:1192-1198.
234. 2 heterojunctions. Catal. Today 2005, 101:315-321.
235. 3 photocatalyst for efficient removal of gaseous NO and HCHO under visible light irradiation. J. Alloys Compd. 2011, 509:2044-2049.
236. 3. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2008, 11:1400-1406.
237. 3 as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2006, 308:105-110.
238. 3 nanoparticles by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid. J. Alloys Compd. 2010, 507:L43-L46.
239. 3 nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. Scripta Mater. 2008, 59:332-335.
240. 3 hierarchical nanostructures: controllable synthesis, growth mechanism, and their application in photocatalysis. Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15:1776-1782.
241. Hayat K., Gondal M.A., Khaled M.M., Ahmed S. Effect of operational key parameters on photocatalytic degradation of phenol using nano nickel oxide synthesized by sol-gel method. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2011, 336:64-71.
242. Song X., Gao L. Facile synthesis and hierarchical assembly of hollow nickel oxide architectures bearing enhanced photocatalytic properties. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:15299-15305.
243. Kominami H., Oki K., Kohno M., Onoue S.-I., Kera Y., Ohtani B. Novel solvothermal synthesis of niobium(V) oxide powders and their photocatalytic activity in aqueous suspensions. J. Mater. Chem. 2001, 11:604-609.
244. 5 as efficient and recyclable photocatalyst for indigo carmine degradation. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2008, 82:219-224.
245. 5 powder photocatalyst. J. Solid State Chem. 2005, 178:224-229.
246. 2. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1997, 108:179-185.
247. 2: oxidation of aniline. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2005, 233:1-8.
248. Al-Sayyed G., D'Oliveira J.C., Pichat P. Semiconductor-sensitized photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol in water. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1991, 58:99-114.
249. 2 mixed oxides: surface aspects, photophysical properties and photoreactivity for 4-nitrophenol oxidation in aqueous phase. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 1996, 109:239-248.
250. 2 semiconductors prepared by a sol-gel technique. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1999, 129:89-99.
251. 2 nanoparticles prepared by electrical arc discharge method in water. Polyhedron 2010, 29:1370-1374.
252. Coronado J.M., Maira A.J., Martínez-Arias A., Conesa J.C., Soria J. EPR study of the radicals formed upon UV irradiation of ceria-based photocatalysts. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2002, 150:213-221.
253. 2 nanoparticles employed for toluene photooxidation. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2004, 50:167-175.
254. 2 under visible light irradiation. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2009, 85:148-154.
255. 2 synthesized by nanocasting from cubic Ia3d mesoporous MCM-48 silica: formation, characterization and photocatalytic activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:17809-17813.
256. 2 nanocrystalline using ammonium bicarbonate as precipitant. Mater. Lett. 2007, 61:1863-1866.
257. 3 for the destruction of volatile aromatic pollutants in air. J. Catal. 2007, 250:12-18.
258. 3 wide bandgap photocatalyst. Catal. Commun. 2009, 10:1184-1187.
259. Meissner D., Memming R., Kastening B. Photoelectrochemistry of cadmium sulfide. 1. Reanalysis of photocorrosion and flat-band potential. J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92:3476-3483.
260. Yang Y., Ren N., Zhang Y., Tang Y. Nanosized cadmium sulfide in polyelectrolyte protected mesoporous sphere: a stable and regeneratable photocatalyst for visible-light-induced removal of organic pollutants. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2009, 201:111-120.
261. Hu J.S., Ren L.L., Guo Y.G., Liang H.P., Cao A.M., Wan L.J., Bai C.L. Mass production and high photocatalytic activity of ZnS nanoporous nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44:1269-1273.
262. 3 as a high-efficiency visible-light responsive photocatalyst. Scripta Mater. 2008, 58:834-837.
263. 3, for degradation of methyl orange under visible-light irradiation. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:18076-18081.
264. 4 powder from layered vanadates at room temperature and its photocatalytic and photophysical properties. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121:11459-11467.
265. 4 with scheelite structure and their photocatalytic properties. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13:4624-4628.
266. 4. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16:2163-2169.
267. 4 nanocrystals and research on photocatalytic properties under visible light irradiation. J. Nanopart. Res. 2008, 10:767-774.
268. 4 photocatalyst. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2009, 304:28-32.
269. 2 photocatalysts. Chem. Lett. 2002, 31:660-661.
270. 4 photocatalyst under irradiation with visible light from a solar simulator. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2003, 46:573-586.
271. 4 on the degradation of 4-n-alkylphenols under visible light irradiation. Catal. Commun. 2005, 6:185.
272. 4 with different crystalline phases. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2007, 103:162-167.
273. 4 photocatalyst and its highly efficient degradation of organic dye under visible-light irradiation. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 173:194-199.
274. 4 nanosheets: hydrothermal preparation, formation mechanism, and coloristic and photocatalytic properties. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110:2668-2673.
275. 4 photocatalyst. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2006, 252:120-124.
276. 4 microtubes with square cross-sections: microstructure, growth mechanism, and photocatalytic property. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111:13659-13664.
277. 4 powders. J. Solid State Chem. 2007, 180:725-732.
278. 4 particles and their photocatalytic activity for degradation of rhodamine B under visible light. Chin. J. Catal. 2008, 29:783-787.
279. 7 under visible light irradiation. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2009, 358:164-172.
280. 4 active under visible light irradiation. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002, 356:221-226.
281. 4 nanoparticles. J. Solid State Chem. 2006, 179:804-811.
282. 4 hollow microspheres. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114:18594-18600.
283. Mahapatra S., Madras G., Guru Row T.N. Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of lanthanide (Ce, Pr and Nd) orthovanadates. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 46:1013-1017.
284. Mahapatra S., Nayak S.K., Madras G., Guru Row T.N. Microwave synthesis and photocatalytic activity of nano lanthanide (Ce, Pr, and Nd) orthovanadates. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47:6509-6516.
285. 6 under visible light irradiation. Catal. Lett. 2004, 92:53-56.
286. 6 powders. J. Solid State Chem. 2005, 178:1968-1972.
287. 6 nanoparticles as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 177:1013-1018.
288. Amano F., Yamakata A., Nogami K., Osawa M., Ohtani B. Visible light responsive pristine metal oxide photocatalyst: enhancement of activity by crystallization under hydrothermal treatment. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130:17650-17651.
289. 6 under visible light. Catal. Commun. 2009, 10:1940-1943.
290. Obregón Alfaro S., Martínez-de la Cruz A., Torres-Martínez L.M., Lee S.W. Remove of marine plankton by photocatalysts with Aurivillius-type structure. Catal. Commun. 2010, 11:326-330.
291. 6 nanoplates as high-activity visible-light-driven photocatalysts. Chem. Mater. 2005, 17:3537-3545.
292. 6. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109:22432-22439.
293. 6 nanoparticles prepared via amorphous complex precursor and photocatalytic properties. J. Solid State Chem. 2006, 179:62-69.
294. 6 catalysts synthesized via a hydrothermal process. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2006, 66:100-110.
295. 6 catalyst for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol. Mater. Res. Bull. 2008, 43:2617-2625.
296. 6 nanocrystals with high photocatalytic activities under visible light. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:10407-10411.
297. 6 photocatalysts with nanosheet morphology via microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis. Catal. Today 2008, 131:15-20.
298. 6 nanoplates. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2007, 103:334-339.
299. 6 nano- and microstructures: shape control and associated visible-light driven photocatalytic activities. Small 2007, 3:1618-1625.
300. Amano F., Nogami K., Abe R., Ohtani B. Facile hydrothermal preparation and photocatalytic activity of bismuth tungstate polycrystalline flake-ball particles. Chem. Lett. 2007, 36:1314.
301. Amano F., Nogami K., Abe R., Ohtani B. Preparation and characterization of bismuth tungstate polycrystalline flake-ball particles for photocatalytic reactions. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:9320-9326.
302. Amano F., Nogami K., Osawa M., Ohtani B. Visible light-responsive bismuth tungstate photocatalysts: effects of hierarchical architecture on photocatalytic activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113:1536-1542.
303. Li G., Zhang D., Yu J.C., Leung M.K.H. An efficient bismuth tungstate visible-light-driven photocatalyst for breaking down nitric oxide. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44:4276-4281.
304. 6 superstructures as high performance visible-light driven photocatalysts. J. Mater. Chem. 2007, 24:2526-2532.
305. 6 hierarchical octahedron-like structures. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2008, 3:365-371.
306. 6 nanoplate-built hierarchical nest-like structures with visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111:12866-12871.
307. 60 and enhanced photoactivity under visible irradiation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:6234-6239.
308. Yu J.Q., Kudo A. Hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic property of 2-dimensional bismuth molybdate nanoplates. Chem. Lett. 2005, 34:1528-1529.
309. Shimodaira Y., Kato H., Kobayashi H., Kudo A. Photophysical properties and photocatalytic activities of bismuth molybdates under visible light irradiation. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110:17790-17797.
310. 6 photocatalysts with different morphologies. Acta Mater. 2007, 55:4699-4705.
311. 6 nanoplate under visible light irradiation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2009, 255:8036-8040.
312. 6 catalysts. J. Mater. Sci. 2008, 43:7026-7034.
313. 6 (M=W, Mo) photocatalysts. J. Mol. Catal. A 2007, 268:195-200.
314. 6 and effect of morphology and variation in local structure on photocatalytic activities. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2010, 98:138-146.
315. Zheng Y., Duan F., Wu J., Liu L., Chen M., Xie Y. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of bismuth molybdates with the preferentially exposed {010} surface under visible light irradiation. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2009, 303:9-14.
316. 6 nanoparticles prepared by an amorphous complex precursor. Catal. Today 2007, 129:194-199.
317. 6 flake-like nanophotocatalyst by molten salt method and evaluation for photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2008, 110:197-200.
318. 6 hollow spheres under visible-light irradiation. Catal. Commun. 2010, 11:647-650.
319. 6 polymetalates for rhodamine B degradation. Catal. Today 2009, 143:274-281.
320. 4 film electrode by combined electro-oxidation and photocatalysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40:3367-3372.
321. 4 catalyst prepared by a hydrothermal process. Appl. Catal. A: Chem. 2006, 306:58-67.
322. 4 nanostructure and effects on the photocatalytic performance. Inorg. Chem. 2007, 46:8372-8378.
323. 4, prepared by the sol-gel method. Chem. Res. Chin. U. 2007, 23:465-468.
324. 4 catalyst. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2007, 139:201-208.
325. 4 photocatalyst with high activity for degradation of organic contaminants. J. Alloys Compd. 2007, 432:269-276.
326. 4 catalysts. Mat. Res. Bull. 2007, 42:696-706.
327. 4 film. J. Solid State Chem. 2006, 179:2562-2570.
328. 4 nanorods with [100] orientation and enhanced photocatalytic properties. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2011, 100:173-178.
329. 4 prepared with a hydrothermal method. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:17351-17356.
330. 4 polymorphs: selective preparation, electronic structures, and photocatalytic activities. J. Solid State Chem. 2011, 184:357-364.
331. 4 spheres with structure-directed photocatalytic activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115:241-247.
332. 4 (M=Ca, Sr, Ba). J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2009, 302:54-58.
333. 4. J. Mater. Sci. 2002, 37:2989-2996.
334. 4 nanocrystal. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2006, 432:221-225.
335. 4 nanocrystals and photocatalytic degradation of a leather dye. J. Appl. Electrochem. 2010, 40:59-63.
336. 4 nanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:4159-4167.
337. 4. J. Solid State Chem. 2009, 182:517-524.
338. 4 microcubes for indoor air purification. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 179:141-150.
339. 6 photocatalyst. Nanotechnology 2008, 19:505705.
340. 3 nanostructures under visible light irradiation. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2009, 4:274-280.
341. 4 (M=alkali earth metal) under visible light: effects of crystal and electronic structure on the photocatalytic activity. Catal. Today 2004, 93-95:885-889.
342. 4 (M=Ca, Sr, Ba) under visible light irradiation. Res. Chem. Intermed. 2005, 31:513-519.
343. 4. Chem. Mater. 2004, 16:1644-1649.
344. 4 under visible light irradiation. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2003, 382:175-179.
345. 4 for photocatalytic benzene degradation. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:20393-20397.
346. 4 with a high surface area. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:5947-5951.
347. Huang J., Wang X., Hou Y., Chen X., Wu L., Fu X. Degradation of benzene over a zinc germanate photocatalyst under ambient conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42:7387-7391.
348. Huang J., Ding K., Wang X., Fu X. Nanostructuring cadmium germanate catalysts for photocatalytic oxidation of benzene at ambient conditions. Langmuir 2009, 25:8313-8319.
349. 4 thin films. Catal. Commun. 2009, 10:1781-1785.
350. 4 for degradation of methylene blue and its improvement by doping with Cd. Catal. Commun. 2010, 11:1104-1108.
351. 7 (M=Ca, Sr) for degrading methyl orange. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2006, 313:218-223.
352. 7: hydrothermal syntheses and photocatalytic benzene degradation. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:5850-5855.
353. 7: hydrothermal syntheses, formation mechanisms, and application in aqueous-phase photocatalysis. Cryst. Growth Des. 2008, 8:4469-4475.
354. 4 submicrospheres via a microwave-solvothermal process. Cryst. Growth Des. 2007, 7:2444-2448.
355. 4 microspheres under visible light irradiation. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113:4433-4440.
356. 4 film electrode. Langmuir 2008, 24:7599-7604.
357. 8 microspheres in a new polymorph that promotes dyes degradation under visible light irradiation. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 186:272-279.
358. 4 under visible-light irradiation. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43:4463-4466.
359. 20. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2005, 410:104-107.
360. 3 driven by visible light. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111:12779-12785.
361. 3 under visible light irradiation. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19:198-202.
362. 3 under visible light irradiation. Catal. Lett. 2008, 122:131-137.
363. 3 driven by visible light: catalytic kinetics and corrosion products characterization. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 173:765-772.
364. 3 driven by visible light irradiation. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 166:728-733.
365. Chen L., Zhang S., Wang L., Xue D., Yin S. Preparation and photocatalytic properties of strontium titanate powders via sol-gel process. J. Cryst. Growth 2009, 311:746-748.
366. 2 powders in decomposition of methyl orange. Int. J. Environ. Res. 2009, 3:57-60.
367. 3 nanocrystals prepared by sol-gel method with the aid of structure-directing surfactant. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2008, 287:70-79.
368. Wang N., Kong D., He H. Solvothermal synthesis of strontium titanate nanocrystallines from metatitanic acid and photocatalytic activities. Powder Technol. 2011, 207:470-473.
369. 3 hollow microspheres built as assembly of nanocubes and their associated photocatalytic activity. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2011, 358:68-72.
370. 12. Mater. Lett. 2003, 57:1899-1902.
371. 7. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2004, 259:29-33.
372. 7. Chem. Eng. Technol. 2007, 30:895-900.
373. 4. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2002, 148:177-182.
374. Meng W.Q., Li F., Evans D.G., Duan X. Photocatalytic activity of highly porous zinc ferrite prepared from a zinc-iron(III)-sulfate layered double hydroxide precursor. J. Porous Mater. 2004, 11:97-105.
375. 3 (RE=Sm, Eu, Gd). J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2005, 232:89-93.
376. 3 nanoparticles. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19:2889-2892.
377. 3 nanoparticles synthesized by a chemical coprecipitation process. J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron. 2010, 21:380-384.
378. 3 microspheres with high visible-light photocatalytic activity. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2010, 331:15-20.
379. 4. J. Solid State Chem. 2006, 179:3919-3925.
380. 4 visible-light photocatalyst. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19:2083-2086.
381. 7 and its visible-light photocatalytic property. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 172:986-992.
382. Li X., Kako T., Ye J. 2-Propanol photodegradation over lead niobates under visible light irradiation. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2007, 326:1-7.
383. 2 composite under visible light irradiation. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111:13109-13116.
384. 2. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110:23274-23278.
385. 2 (M=Al, Ga, In): effects of chemical compositions, crystal structures, and electronic structures. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113:1560-1566.
386. 2 (M=Al, Ga, In) prepared via a hydrothermal method. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2009, 89:551-556.
387. 2. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110:11677-11682.
388. 4. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:3134-3141.
389. 3 under visible light irradiation. Catal. Today 2008, 131:197-202.
390. Ouyang S., Kikugawa N., Zou Z., Ye J. Effective decolorizations and mineralizations of organic dyes over a silver germanium oxide photocatalyst under indoor-illumination irradiation. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2009, 366:309-314.
391. 3 as the Bi source: characterization and catalytic performance. Catal. Commun. 2010, 11:460-464.
392. Zhang X., Ai Z., Jia F., Zhang L. Generalized one-pot synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of hierarchical BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I) nanoplate microspheres. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112:747-753.
393. An H., Du Y., Wang T., Wang C., Hao W., Zhang J. Photocatalytic properties of BiOX (X=Cl, Br, and I). Rare Metals 2008, 27:243-250.
394. 3 nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. Scripta Mater. 2008, 59:332-335.
395. Gondal M.A., Chang X.F., Yamani Z.H. UV-light induced photocatalytic decolorization of rhodamine 6G molecules over BiOCl from aqueous solution. Chem. Eng. J. 2010, 165:250-257.
396. Chen F., Liu H., Bagwasi S., Shen X., Zhang J. Photocatalytic study of BiOCl for degradation of organic pollutants under UV irradiation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2010, 215:76-80.
397. Wu S., Wang C., Cui Y., Wang T., Huang B., Zhang X., Qin X., Brault P. Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of BiOCl nanowire arrays. Mater. Lett. 2010, 64:115-118.
398. Zhang K.-L., Liu C.-M., Huang F.-Q., Zheng C., Wang W.-D. Study of the electronic structure and photocatalytic activity of the BiOCl photocatalyst. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2006, 68:125-129.
399. 4Cl. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110:24629-24634.
400. Jiang Z., Yang F., Yang G., Kong L., Jones M.O., Xiao T., Edwards P.P. The hydrothermal synthesis of BiOBr flakes for visible-light-responsive photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2010, 212:8-13.
401. Zhang J., Shi F., Lin J., Chen D., Gao J., Huang Z., Ding X., Tang C. Self-assembled 3-D architectures of BiOBr as a visible light-driven photocatalyst. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20:2937-2941.
402. Ai Z., Ho W., Lee S., Zhang L. Efficient photocatalytic removal of NO in indoor air with hierarchical bismuth oxybromide nanoplate microspheres under visible light. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:4143-4150.
403. Shang M., Wang W., Zhang L. Preparation of BiOBr lamellar structure with high photocatalytic activity by CTAB as Br source and template. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 167:803-809.
404. Huang W.L. Electronic structures and optical properties of BiOX (X=F, Cl, Br, I) via DFT calculations. J. Comput. Chem. 2008, 30:1882-1891.
405. Chang X., Huang J., Tan Q., Wang M., Ji G., Deng S., Yu G. Photocatalytic degradation of PCP-Na over BiOI nanosheets under simulated sunlight irradiation. Catal. Commun. 2009, 10:1957-1961.
406. Su W., Wang J., Huang Y., Wang W., Wu L., Wang X.X., Liu P. Synthesis and catalytic performances of a novel photocatalyst BiOF. Scripta Mater. 2010, 62:345-348.
407. Wang W., Huang F., Lin X. xBiOI-(1-x)BiOCl as efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts. Scripta Mater. 2007, 56:669-672.
408. Wang W., Huang F., Lin X., Yang J. Visible-light responsive photocatalysts xBiOBr-(1-x)BiOI. Catal. Commun. 2008, 9:8-12.
409. Yan T., Long J., Chen Y., Wang X., Li D., Fu X. Indium hydroxide: a highly active and low deactivated catalyst for photoinduced oxidation of benzene. C. R. Chim. 2008, 11:101-106.
410. 3 nanocubes. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2008, 325:425-431.
411. Yan T., Long J., Shi X., Wang D., Li Z., Wang X., Fu X. Efficient photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds by porous indium hydroxide nanocrystals. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44:1380-1385.
412. Li Z., Xie Z., Zhang Y., Wu L., Wang X., Fu X. Wide band gap p-block metal oxyhydroxide InOOH: a new durable photocatalyst for benzene degradation. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111:18348-18352.
413. 2 production from water under visible light illumination. J. Catal. 2006, 237:322-329.
414. z solid solutions: syntheses, characterizations, electronic structure, and visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111:4727-4733.
415. y hollow nanocubes: a comparative study. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:3027-3033.
416. 7. J. Cryst. Growth 2004, 273:241-247.
417. 7 (M=La and Y). J. Mater. Sci. 2006, 41:8001-8012.
418. 7. Res. Chem. Intermed. 2006, 32:31-42.
419. 7 (M=In and Ga). J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2006, 17:1368-1376.
420. 7. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2007, 104:119-124.
421. 7. Res. Chem. Intermed. 2007, 33:487-500.
422. 7. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 164:781-789.
423. 7 under visible light irradiation. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2009, 11:6289-6298.
424. 7 photocatalysts. Solid State Sci. 2011, 13:185-194.
425. 7 nanocatalysts for degradation of environmental pollutant rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. Chem. Eng. J. 2011, 167:162-171.
426. 7 compound. J. Mater. Sci. 2005, 40:4905-4909.
427. 7 nanocatalysts. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2010, 321:1-9.
428. 8. Mater. Res. Bull. 2008, 43:3332-3344.
429. Kako T., Zou Z., Ye J. Photocatalytic oxidation of 2-propanol in the gas phase over cesium bismuth niobates under visible light irradiation. Res. Chem. Intermed. 2005, 31:359-364.
430. Kim H.G., Hwang D.W., Lee J.S. An undoped, single-phase oxide photocatalyst working under visible light. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126:8912-8913.
431. Kako T., Ye J. Photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde over rubidium bismuth niobates under visible light irradiation. Mater. Trans. 2005, 46:2699-2703.
432. 14 (M=Nb, Ta). J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109:11442-11449.
433. 6 (R=La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy) under visible light irradiation. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 2010, 118:91-95.
434. 7 (M=Al, Fe, In, Sm) sol-gel catalysts. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2006, 247:283-290.
435. 7 and its photocatalytic behavior for organic compounds degradation. Mater. Sci. Forum 2010, 658:491-494.
436. 4 photocatalyst for dye degradation under visible light irradiation. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2008, 334:51-58.
437. 8Cl. J. Mater. Chem. 2007, 17:2145-2150.
438. 2Cl. Solid State Sci. 2007, 9:944-949.
439. 2Br. J. Solid State Chem. 2008, 181:1361-1366.