Challenges in assessing associations between hormonal contraceptive use and the risks of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission

Future Microbiology

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 315-318

  Wawer, Maria J ^a   Gray, Ronald H ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

HIV acquisition; HIV transmission; hormonal contraception

Indexed keywords

GAG PROTEIN; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; VIRUS RNA;

CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CONDOM; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; ENVELOPE GENE; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC LINKAGE; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 2; HERPES VIRUS INFECTION; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; HYSTERECTOMY; INCIDENCE; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; MORBIDITY; NONHUMAN; NOTE; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; UTERINE TUBE LIGATION; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 2; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1;

EID: 84858058812     PISSN: 17460913     EISSN: 17460921     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.8     Document Type: Note

References (19)

1. Myer L, Denny L, Wright TC, Kuhn L. Prospective study of hormonal contraception and women's risk of HIV infection in South Africa. Int. J. Epidemiol. 36, 166-174 (2007).
2. Reid SE, Dai JY, Wang J et al. Pregnancy, contraceptive use, and HIV acquisition in HPTN 039: relevance for HIV prevention trials among African women. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 53, 606-613 (2010).
3. Kiddugavu M, Makumbi F, Wawer MJ et al. Hormonal contraceptive use and HIV-1 infection in a population-based cohort in Rakai, Uganda. AIDS 17, 233-240 (2003).
4. Morrison CS, Richardson BA, Mmiro F et al. Hormonal contraception and the risk of HIV acquisition. AIDS 21, 85-95 (2007).
5. Baeten JM, Benki S, Chohan V et al. Hormonal contraceptive use, herpes simplex virus infection, and risk of HIV-1 acquisition among Kenyan women. AIDS 21, 1771-1777 (2007).
6. Plummer FA, Simonsen JN, Cameron DW et al. Cofactors in male-female sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Infect. Dis. 163, 233-239 (1991).
7. Heffron R, Donnell D, Rees H et al. Use of hormonal contraceptives and risk of HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 12(1), 19-26 (2012).
8. Celum C, Wald A, Lingappa JR et al. Acyclovir and transmission of HIV-1 from persons infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2. N. Engl. J. Med. 362, 427-439 (2010). Reports the results of the parent 'Partners in Prevention' randomized controlled trial of acyclovir for the prevention of HIV transmission from dually HIV/HSV-2-positive partners, provides background information on the data used in the Heffron et al. paper and describes a well-conducted and analyzed trial.
9. Blish CA, Baeten JM. Hormonal contraception and HIV-1 transmission: review article. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 65, 302-307 (2010).
10. Baeten JM, Lavreys L, Overbaugh J. The influence of hormonal contraceptive use on HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45, 360-369 (2001). Review of issues and challenges related to studies of hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition and progression.
11. Morrison CS, Nanda K. Hormonal contraception and HIV: an unanswered question. Lancet Infect. Dis. 12(1), 2-3 (2012).
12. Morrison CS, Chen PL, Kwok C et al. Hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition: reanalysis using marginal structural modeling. AIDS 24, 1778-1781 (2010).
13. European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV. Comparison of female to male and male to female transmission of HIV in 563 stable couples. BMJ 304, 809-813 (1992).
14. Shelton J. Scientists and the media must give a balanced view: a reported link between hormonal contraception and HIV infection deserved a more critical look. Nature 479, 7 (2011). Review of key scientific challenges in the interpretation of the Heffron et al. paper, and of the policy and political implications of the findings and the manner they were disseminated in the scientific and popular press.
15. Gray RH, Li X, Kigozi G, Serwadda D et al. Increased risk of incident HIV during pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda: a prospective study. Lancet 366, 1182-1188 (2005).
16. Mugo NR, Heffron R, Donnell D et al. Increased risk of HIV-1 transmission in pregnancy: a prospective study among African HIV-1 serodiscordant couples. AIDS 25, 1887-1895 (2011).
17. Ngure K, Heffron R, Mugo NR et al. Contraceptive method and pregnancy incidence among African women in HIV-1 serodiscordant partnerships. AIDS doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834f981c (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
18. Morrison CS, Turner AN, Jones LB. Highly effective contraception and acquisition of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 23, 163-184 (2009). Good review of the science and the issues in hormonal contraception, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
19. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Contraceptive Use 2011. www.un.org/esa/population/publications/ contraceptive2011/wallchart-front.pdf (Accessed 8 December 2011)