Effects on precipitation, clouds, and temperature from long-range transport of idealized aerosol plumes in WRF-Chem simulations

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 117, Issue 5, 2012, Pages

  Zhao, Zhan ^a   Pritchard, Michael S ^a   Russell, Lynn M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DEFORESTATION; FIRES; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); WEATHER FORECASTING;

AEROSOL PLUME; CLEAN ENVIRONMENT; CONVECTION REGIME; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; DEEP CONVECTION; FOREST FIRE EMISSIONS; FOREST FIRES; HIGH ALTITUDE; HIGHLY NONLINEAR; INDIRECT EFFECTS; LONG RANGE TRANSPORT; LOW-ALTITUDE; MICROPHYSICS; NONLOCAL; WATER CLOUDS; WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODELS;

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS;

ALTITUDE; ATMOSPHERIC PLUME; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER; EVAPORATION; FOREST FIRE; LONG RANGE TRANSPORT; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); VOLCANIC AEROSOL; VOLCANIC CLOUD; WEATHER FORECASTING;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 84858052526     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011JD016744     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Abdul-Razzak, H., and S. J. Ghan (2002), A parameterization of aerosol activation: 3. Sectional representation, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D3), 4026, doi:10.1029/2001JD000483.
2. Ackermann, I. J., H. Hass, M. Memmesheimer, A. Ebel, F. S. Binkowski, and U. Shankar (1998), Modal aerosol dynamics model for Europe: Development and first applications, Atmos. Environ., 32(17), 2981-2999, doi:10.1016/S1352- 2310(98)00006-5. (Pubitemid 28391422)
3. Albrecht, B. A. (1989), Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness, Science, 245, 1227-1230, doi:10.1126/science.245.4923.1227. (Pubitemid 20402204)
4. Allen, A. G., C. Oppenheimer, M. Ferm, P. J. Baxter, L. A. Horrocks, B. Galle, A. J. S. McGonigle, and H. J. Duffell (2002), Primary sulfate aerosol and associated emissions from Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), 4682, doi:10.1029/2002JD002120.
5. Andreae, M. O. (2009), Correlation between cloud condensation nuclei concentration and aerosol optical thickness in remote and polluted regions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 543-556, doi:10.5194/acp-9-543-2009.
6. Atlas, R., O. Reale, B.-W. Shen, S.-J. Lin, J.-D. Chern, W. Putman, T. Lee, K.-S. Yeh, M. Bosilovich, and J. Radakovich (2005), Hurricane forecasting with the high-resolution NASA finite volume general circulation model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03807, doi:10.1029/2004GL021513. (Pubitemid 40578667)
7. Chapman, E. G., W. I. Gustafson Jr., R. C. Easter, J. C. Barnard, S. J. Ghan, M. S. Pekour, and J. D. Fast (2009), Coupling aerosol-cloud-radiative processes in the WRF-Chem model: Investigating the radiative impact of elevated point sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 945-964, doi:10.5194/acp-9-945-2009.
8. Chen, F., and J. Dudhia (2001), Coupling an advanced land-surface/ hydrology model with the Penn State/NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model description and implementation, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 569-585, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0569:CAALSH>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 32511917)
9. Chen, S.-H., S.-H. Wang, and M. Waylonis (2010), Modification of Saharan air layer and environmental shear over the eastern Atlantic Ocean by dust-radiation effects, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D21202, doi:10.1029/2010JD014158.
10. Chou, M. D., M. J. Suarez, C. H. Ho, M. M. H. Yan, and K. T. Lee (1998), Parameterizations for cloud overlapping and shortwave single-scattering properties for use in general circulation and cloud ensemble models, J. Clim., 11, 202-214, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<0202:PFCOAS> 2.0.CO;2.
11. Colarco, P. R., M. R. Schoeberl, B. G. Doddridge, L. T. Marufu, O. Torres, and E. J. Welton (2004), Transport of smoke from Canadian forest fires to the surface near Washington, D. C.: Injection height, entrainment, and optical properties, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06203, doi:10.1029/2003JD004248.
12. Cotton, W. R., H. Zhang, G. M. McFarquhar, and S. M. Saleeby (2007), Should we consider polluting hurricanes to reduce their intensity?, J. Weather Modif., 39, 70-73.
13. Dean, K., S. A. Bowling, and G. Shaw (1994), Satellite analyses of movement and characteristics of the Redoubt Volcano plume, January 8, 1990, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 62, 339-352, doi:10.1016/0377-0273(94) 90040-X.
14. de Gouw, J. A., et al. (2006), Volatile organic compounds composition of merged and aged forest fire plumes from Alaska and western Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D10303, doi:10.1029/2005JD006175. (Pubitemid 44043253)
15. Dickinson, R. E. (1996), Climate engineering. A review of aerosol approaches to changing the global energy balance, Clim. Change, 33, 279-290, doi:10.1007/BF00142576.
16. Duck, T. J., et al. (2007), Transport of forest fire emissions from Alaska and the Yukon Territory to Nova Scotia during summer 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10S44, doi:10.1029/2006JD007716. (Pubitemid 47193700)
17. Ellrod, G. P. (2004), Impact on volcanic ash detection caused by the loss of the 12.0 lm "Split Window" band on GOES Imagers, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 135(1-2), 91-103, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2003.12.009. (Pubitemid 38774068)
18. Fan, J., R. Zhang, G. Li, and W.-K. Tao (2007), Effects of aerosols and relative humidity on cumulus clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D14204, doi:10.1029/2006JD008136. (Pubitemid 47433806)
19. Fan, J., R. Zhang, W.-K. Tao, and K. I. Mohr (2008), Effects of aerosol optical properties on deep convective clouds and radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D08209, doi:10.1029/2007JD009257.
20. Fan, J., T. Yuan, J. M. Comstock, S. Ghan, A. Khain, L. R. Leung, Z. Li, V. J. Martins, and M. Ovchinnikov (2009), Dominant role by vertical wind shear in regulating aerosol effects on deep convective clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D22206, doi:10.1029/2009JD012352.
21. Fan, J., J. M. Comstock, and M. Ovchinnikov (2010a), The cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei effects on tropical anvil characteristics and water vapor of the tropical tropopause layer, Environ. Res. Lett., 5(4), 044005, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/4/044005.
22. Fan, J., J. M. Comstock, M. Ovchinnikov, S. A. McFarlane, G. McFarquhar, and G. Allen (2010b), Tropical anvil characteristics and water vapor of the tropical tropopause layer: Impact of heterogeneous and homogeneous freezing parameterizations, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D12201, doi:10.1029/2009JD012696.
23. Fast, J. D., W. I. Gustafson Jr., R. C. Easter, R. A. Zaveri, J. C. Barnard, E. G. Chapman, G. A. Grell, and S. E. Peckham (2006), Evolution of ozone, particulates and aerosol direct radiative forcing in the vicinity of Houston using a fully coupled meteorology-chemistry-aerosol model, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21305, doi:10.1029/2005JD006721. (Pubitemid 46978606)
24. Fast, J. D., et al. (2009), Evaluating simulated primary anthropogenic and biomass burning organic aerosols during MILAGRO: Implications for assessing treatments of secondary organic aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6191-6215, doi:10.5194/acp-9-6191-2009.
25. Fehsenfeld, F. C., et al. (2006), International consortium for atmospheric research on transport and transformation (ICARTT): North America to Europe-Overview of the 2004 summer field study, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23S01, doi:10.1029/2006JD007829. (Pubitemid 47260830)
26. French, N. H. F., E. S. Kasischke, and D. G. Williams (2003), Variability in the emission of carbon-based trace gases from wildfire in the Alaskan boreal forest, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D1), 8151, doi:10.1029/2001JD000480.
27. Fridlind, A. M., et al. (2004), Evidence for the predominance of midtropospheric aerosols as subtropical anvil cloud nuclei, Science, 304, 718-722, doi:10.1126/science.1094947. (Pubitemid 38560874)
28. Giorgi, F., X. Bi, and Y. Qian (2002), Direct radiative forcing and regional climatic effects of anthropogenic aerosols over East Asia: A regional coupled climate-chemistry/aerosol model study, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D20), 4439, doi:10.1029/2001JD001066.
29. Giorgi, F., X. Q. Bi, and Y. Qian (2003), Indirect vs. direct effects of anthropogenic sulfate on the climate of East Asia as simulated with a regional coupled climate-chemistry/aerosol model, Clim. Change, 58, 345-376, doi:10.1023/A:1023946010350. (Pubitemid 36708546)
30. Graf, H.-F., J. Feichter, and B. Langmann (1997), Volcanic sulfur emissions: Estimates of source strength and its contribution to the global sulfate distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D9), 10,727-10,738, doi:10.1029/96JD03265.
31. Grell, G. A., and D. Devenyi (2002), A generalized approach to parameterizing convection combining ensemble and data assimilation techniques, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(14), 1693, doi:10.1029/2002GL015311.
32. Grell, G. A., S. E. Peckham, R. Schmitz, S. A. McKenn, G. Frost, W. C. Skamarock, and B. Eder (2005), Fully coupled "online" chemistry within the WRF model, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6957-6975, doi:10.1016/j. atmosenv.2005.04.027. (Pubitemid 41539465)
33. Grell, G., S. R. Freitas, M. Stuefer, and J. Fast (2010), Inclusion of biomass burning in WRF-Chem: Impact of wildfires on weather forecasts, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 30,613-30,650, doi:10.5194/acpd-10- 30613-2010.
34. Gustafson, W. I., Jr., E. G. Chapman, S. J. Ghan, R. C. Easter, and J. D. Fast (2007), Impact on modeled cloud characteristics due to simplified treatment of uniform cloud condensation nuclei during NEAQS 2004, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L19809, doi:10.1029/2007GL030021. (Pubitemid 350263042)
35. Hong, S.-Y., and J.-O. J. Lim (2006), The WRF single-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WSM6), J. Korean Meteorol. Soc., 42, 129-151.
36. Horowitz, L. W., et al. (2003), A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: Description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), 4784, doi:10.1029/2002JD002853.
37. Huang, Y., W. L. Chameides, and R. E. Dickinson (2007), Direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic aerosols on regional precipitation over East Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D03212, doi:10.1029/2006JD007114. (Pubitemid 47248876)
38. Janjic, Z. I. (1996), The surface layer in the NCEP Eta Model, paper presented at 11th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Am. Meteor. Soc., Norfolk, Va.
39. Jensen, E. J., and O. B. Toon (1992), The potential effects of volcanic aerosols on cirrus cloud microphysics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19(17), 1759-1762, doi:10.1029/92GL01936. (Pubitemid 23375538)
40. Khain, A., N. Cohen, B. Lynn, and A. Pokrovsky (2008a), Possible aerosol effects on lightning activity and structure of hurricanes, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 3652-3677, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2678.1.
41. Khain, A. P., N. BenMoshe, and A. Pokrovsky (2008b), Factors determining the impact of aerosols on surface precipitation from clouds: An attempt at classification, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1721-1748, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2515.1. (Pubitemid 351888669)
42. Lamb, H. H. (1970), Volcanic dust in the atmosphere, with a chronology and assessment of its meteorological significance, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 266, 425-533, doi:10.1098/rsta.1970.0010.
43. Leroy, D., W. Wobrock, and A. I. Flossmann (2009), The role of boundary layer aerosol particles for the development of deep convective clouds: A high-resolution 3D model with detailed (bin) microphysics applied to CRYSTAL-FACE, Atmos. Res., 91, 62-78, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres. 2008.06.001.
44. Leung, F.-Y. T., J. A. Logan, R. Park, E. Hyer, E. Kasischke, D. Streets, and L. Yurganov (2007), Impacts of enhanced biomass burning in the boreal forests in 1998 on tropospheric chemistry and the sensitivity of model results to the injection height of emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10313, doi:10.1029/2006JD008132. (Pubitemid 47193664)
45. Lim, K.-S. S., S.-Y. Hong, S. S. Yum, J. Dudhia, and J. B. Klemp (2011), Aerosol effects on the development of a supercell storm in a doublemoment bulk-cloud microphysics scheme, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D02204, doi:10.1029/2010JD014128.
46. Lin, Y., and K. E. Mitchell (2005), The NCEP stage II/IV hourly precipitation analyses: Development and applications, paper presented at 19th Conference on Hydrology, Am. Meteor. Soc., San Diego, Calif.
47. Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville (1983), Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 22, 1065-1092, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<1065:BPOTSF>2.0.CO;2.
48. Liu, S. C., et al. (1996), Model study of tropospheric trace species distributions during PEM-West A, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2073-2086, doi:10.1029/95JD02277. (Pubitemid 26472975)
49. Liu, Y., P. H. Daum, and R. L. McGraw (2005), Size truncation effect, threshold behavior, and a new type of autoconversion parameterization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L11811, doi:10.1029/2005GL022636. (Pubitemid 41174850)
50. Lu, R., and R. P. Turco (1994), Air pollutant transport in a coastal environment. Part I: Two-dimensional simulations of sea-breeze and mountain effects, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2285-2308, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1994) 051<2285:APTIAC>2.0.CO;2.
51. Mlawer, E. J., S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A. Clough (1997), Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmosphere: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the long- wave, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D14), 16,663-16,682, doi:10.1029/97JD00237.
52. Molinié, J., and C. A. Pontikis (1995), A climatological study of tropical thunderstorm clouds and lightning frequencies on the French Guyana Coast, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(9), 1085-1088, doi:10.1029/95GL01036.
53. Ntelekos, A. A., J. A. Smith, L. J. Donner, J. D. Fast, W. I. Gustafson Jr., E. G. Chapman, and W. F. Krajewski (2009), The effects of aerosols on intense convective precipitation in the northeastern US, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 135, 1367-1391, doi:10.1002/qj.476.
54. Pfister, G. G., et al. (2011), Characterizing summertime chemical boundary conditions for airmasses entering the US West Coast, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1769-1790, doi:10.5194/acp-11-1769-2011.
55. Radke, L. F., J. A. Coakley Jr., and M. D. King (1989), Direct and remote sensing observations of the effects of ships on clouds, Science, 246, 1146-1149, doi:10.1126/science.246.4934.1146.
56. Ramanathan, V., P. J. Crutzen, J. T. Kiehl, and D. Rosenfeld (2001), Aerosols, climate and the hydrological cycle, Science, 294, 2119-2124, doi:10.1126/science.1064034. (Pubitemid 33150662)
57. Robock, A. (2000), Volcanic eruptions and climate, Rev. Geophys., 38, 191-219, doi:10.1029/1998RG000054. (Pubitemid 32200846)
58. Rosenfeld, D. (2000), Suppression of rain and snow by urban air pollution, Science, 287, 1793-1796, doi:10.1126/science.287.5459.1793. (Pubitemid 30143959)
59. Rosenfeld, D., U. Lohmann, G. B. Raga, C. D. O'Dowd, M. Kulmala, S. Fuzzi, A. Reissell, and M. O. Andreae (2008), Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?, Science, 321, 1309-1313, doi:10.1126/science.1160606.
60. Sassen, K., et al. (1995), The 5-6 December 1991 FIRE IFO II Jet Stream Cirrus Case Study: Possible influences of volcanic aerosols., J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 97-123.
61. Schell, B., I. J. Ackermann, H. Hass, F. S. Binkowski, and A. Ebel (2001), Modeling the formation of secondary organic aerosol within a comprehensive air quality model system, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28,275- 28,293, doi:10.1029/2001JD000384.
62. Sessions, W. R., H. E. Fuelberg, R. A. Kahn, and D. M. Winker (2010), An investigation of methods for injecting emissions from boreal wildfires using WRF-Chem during ARCTAS, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 26,551-26,606, doi:10.5194/acpd-10-26551-2010.
63. Skamarock, W. C., J. B. Klemp, J. Dudhia, D. O. Gill, D. M. Barker, W. Wang, and J. G. Powers (2008), A description of the advanced research WRF version 3, NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-475+STR, 125 pp., Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res, Boulder, Colo. [Available at http://www.mmm. ucar.edu/wrf/users/docs/arw- v3.pdf.]
64. Stocks, B. J., et al. (2003), Large forest fires in Canada, 1959-1997, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D1), 8149, doi:10.1029/2001JD000484.
65. Stockwell, W. R., P. Middleton, J. S. Chang, and X. Tang (1990), The second-generation regional acid deposition model chemical mechanism for regional air quality modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,343-16,367, doi:10.1029/ JD095iD10p16343.
66. Stohl, A., et al. (2006), Pan-Arctic enhancements of light absorbing aerosol concentrations due to North American boreal forest fires during summer 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D22214, doi:10.1029/2006JD007216. (Pubitemid 47386228)
67. Tao, W.-K., X. Li, A. Khain, T. Matsui, S. Lang, and J. Simpson (2007), Role of atmospheric aerosol concentration on deep convective precipitation: Cloud-resolving model simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24S18, doi:10.1029/2007JD008728.
68. van den Heever, S. C., G. Carrio, W. Cotton, P. DeMott, and A. Prenni (2006), Impacts of nucleating aerosol on Florida storms. Part I: Mesoscale simulations, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1752-1775, doi:10.1175/JAS3713.1. (Pubitemid 44184025)
69. Wang, C. (2005), A modelling study of the response of tropical deep convection to the increase of cloud condensational nuclei concentration: 1.Dynamics and microphysics J. Geophys. Res., 110, D21211, doi:10.1029/ 2004JD005720.
70. Warneke, C., et al. (2006), Biomass burning and anthropogenic sources of CO over New England in the summer 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23S15, doi:10.1029/2005JD006878. (Pubitemid 47260833)
71. Williams, E., et al. (2002), Contrasting convective regimes over the Amazon: Implications for cloud electrification, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D20), 8082, doi:10.1029/2001JD000380.
72. Winner, D. A., G. R. Cass, and R. A. Harley (1995), Effect of alternative boundary conditions on predicted ozone control strategy: A case study in Los Angeles area, Atmos. Environ., 29(33), 3451-3464, doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95) 00222-K. (Pubitemid 26444855)
73. Wotawa, G., and M. Trainer (2000), The influence of Canadian forest fires on pollutant concentrations in the United States, Science, 288, 324-328, doi:10.1126/science.288.5464.324. (Pubitemid 30226191)
74. Zhang, H., G. M. McFarquhar, S. M. Saleeby, and W. R. Cotton (2007), Impacts of Saharan dust as CCN on the evolution of an idealized tropical cyclone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L14812, doi:10.1029/2007GL029876. (Pubitemid 47394015)