Effect of harvest age and thermal processing on poly-γ-glutamate folates and minerals in African cowpea leaves (Vigna unguiculata)

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 160-165

  Wawire, Michael ^a   Oey, Indrawati ^b   Mathooko, Francis M ^c   Njoroge, Charles K ^a   Shitanda, Douglas ^a   Sila, Daniel ^a   Hendrickx, Marc ^d  

^a JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Kenya)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^c SOUTH EASTERN KENYA UNIVERSITY   (Kenya)

^d LEUVEN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTRE LFORCE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Cowpea leaves; Food analysis; Food composition; Maturity; Minerals; Polyglutamate folates; Thermal processing; Vigna unguiculata

Indexed keywords

TETRA; VIGNA UNGUICULATA;

EID: 84857796981     PISSN: 08891575     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.11.003     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. A.O.A.C. Official Methods of Analysis 2002, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA. 17th ed.
2. Blakley R. The biochemistry of folic acid and related pteridines. Frontiers of Biology 1969, vol. 13. North Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
3. Devi R., Arcot J., Sotheeswaran S., Ali S. Folate contents of some selected Fijian foods using tri enzyme extraction method. Food Chemistry 2008, 106:1100-1104.
4. ECSA-HC, 2009. ARF/EA-Review of ECSA-HC Food fortification activity. The Global Health Technical Assistance Project, December 2009.
5. FAO/WHO Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition 2004, World Health Organization, Geneva, pp. 194-315. 2nd ed.
6. Fleming A.F. Tropical obstetrics and gynaecology. I. Anaemia in pregnancy in tropical Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1989, 83:441-448.
7. Gambonnet B., Jabrin S., Ravanel S., Karan M., Douce R., Rébeillé F. Folate distribution during higher plant development. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2001, 81:835-841.
8. Ibrikci H., Knewtson S.J., Grusak M.A. Chickpea leaves as a vegetable green for humans: evaluation of mineral composition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2003, 83:945-950.
9. Indrawati I., Arroqui C., Messagie I., Nguyen M.T., Van Loey A., Hendrickx M. Comparative study on pressure and temperature stability of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in model systems and in food products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, 52:485-492.
10. Jägerstad M., Jastrebova J., Svensson U. Folates in fermented vegetables-a pilot study. Food Science and Technology/LWT 2004, 3:603-611.
11. Makobo N.D., Shoko M.D., Mtaita T.A. Nutrient content of vegetable amaranth (Amaranths cruentus L.) at different harvesting stages. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2010, 6:285-289.
12. Marschner H. Minerals Nutrition of Higher Plants 1986, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
13. Marschner H. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants 1995, Academic Press, London, United Kingdom. 2nd ed.
14. McKillop D.J., Pentieva K., Daly D., McPartlin J.M., Hughes J., Strain J.J., McNulty H. The effect of different cooking methods on folate retention in various foods that are amongst the major contributors to folate intake in the UK diet. British Journal of Nutrition 2002, 88:681-688.
15. Munyaka A.W., Oey I., Verlinde P., Van Loey A., Hendrickx M. Acidification, crushing and thermal treatments can influence the profile and stability of folate poly-γ-glutamates in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica). Food Chemistry 2009, 117:568-575.
16. Ndaw S., Bergaentzlé M., Aoudé-Werner D., Lahély S., Hasselmann C. Determination of folates in foods by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after precolumn conversion to 5-methyltetrahydrofolates. Journal of Chromatography A 2001, 928:77-90.
17. Pomper K.W., Grusak M.A. Calcium uptake and whole plant water use influence pod calcium concentration in snap bean plants. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 2004, 129:890-895.
18. Scott J.M., Weir D.G. Folate/vitamin B12 interrelationships. Essays in Biochemistry 1994, 28:63-72.
19. Singh B., Ajeigbea H.A., Tarawalib S., Fernandez-Riverac A.S., Abubakarb M. Improving the production and utilization of cowpea as food and fodder. Field Crops Research 2003, 84:150-169.
20. Souci S.W., Fachmann W., Kraut H. Food Composition and Nutrition Tables 2000, Medpharm Scientific., Stuttgart, Germany. 6th ed. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft fur Lebensmittelchemie (Ed.).
21. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2011. USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 24. Retrieved from Nutrient Data Laboratory website: (21.10.11). http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=22114.
22. Vahteristo L., Lehikoinen K., Ollilainen V., Varo P. Application of an HPLC assay for the determination of folate derivatives in some vegetables, fruits and berries consumed in Finland. Food Chemistry 1997, 59:589-597.
23. Verlinde P., Oey I., Hendrickx M., Van Loey A. High pressure treatments induce folate polyglutamate profile changes in intact broccoli (Brassica oleraceae L. cv. italica) tissue. Food Chemistry 2008, 111:220-229.
24. Wawire M., Oey I., Mathooko F., Njoroge C., Shitanda D., Hendrick M. Thermal stability of ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid oxidase in African cowpea leaves (Vigna unguiculata) of different maturities. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2011, 59:1774-1783.
25. WHO/FAO Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients 2006, World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization.
26. Zheng L., Lin Y., Lin S., Cossins E.A. The polyglutamate nature of folates. Phytochemistry 1992, 31:2227-2282.