The role of the kynurenine metabolism in major depression

Journal of Neural Transmission

Volumn 119, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 245-251

  Myint, Aye Mu ^a   Schwarz, Markus J ^a   Müller, Norbert ^a  

^a LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

3 Hydroxykynurenine; Inflammation; Kynurenic acid; Kynurenine; Major depression; Quinolinic acid; Tryptophan

Indexed keywords

KYNURENINE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TRYPTOPHAN;

AMINO ACID METABOLISM; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; KYNURENINE; TRYPTOPHAN;

EID: 84857625633     PISSN: 03009564     EISSN: 14351463     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0741-3     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Alonso J, Angermeyer MC, Bernert S, Bruffaerts R, Brugha TS, Bryson H et al (2004) Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 21-27
2. H Anisman AV Ravindran J Griffiths Z Merali 1999 Endocrine and cytokine correlates of major depression and dysthymia with typical or atypical features Mol Psychiatry 4 182 188 10208451 10.1038/sj.mp.4000436 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3cXlvVWlt7s%3D (Pubitemid 29163982)
3. DA Bender 1989 Effects of a dietary excess of leucine and of the addition of leucine and 2-oxo-isocaproate on the metabolism of tryptophan and niacin in isolated rat liver cells Br J Nutr 61 629 640 2527060 10.1079/BJN19890150 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXkt1WhsLY%3D (Pubitemid 19180388)
4. DA Bender GM McCreanor 1985 Kynurenine hydroxylase: a potential rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan metabolism Biochem Soc Trans 13 441 443 4018389 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXkvVGmtL0%3D (Pubitemid 15096209)
5. O Campuzano MM Castillo-Ruiz L Acarin B Castellano B Gonzalez 2008 Distinct pattern of microglial response, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the aged rat brain after excitotoxic damage J Neurosci Res 86 3170 3183 18543338 10.1002/jnr.21751 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXhsVaitbjK
6. JM Carlin EC Borden PM Sondel GI Byrne 1987 Biologic-response-modifier- induced indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures J Immunol 139 2414 2418 2443564 1:CAS:528: DyaL2sXmtFGqsbo%3D (Pubitemid 17152142)
7. S Chen NT Averett A Manelli MJ Ladu W May MD Ard 2005 Isoform-specific effects of apolipoprotein E on secretion of inflammatory mediators in adult rat microglia J Alzheimers Dis 7 25 35 15750212 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhvVSrtL4%3D (Pubitemid 40387182)
8. A Chiarugi M Calvani E Meli E Traggiai F Moroni 2001 Synthesis and release of neurotoxic kynurenine metabolites by human monocyte-derived macrophages J Neuroimmunol 120 190 198 11694334 10.1016/S0165-5728(01)00418-0 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnvFKjtL4%3D (Pubitemid 33016739)
9. TJ Connor BE Leonard 1998 Depression, stress and immunological activation: the role of cytokines in depressive disorders Life Sci 62 583 606 9472719 10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00990-9 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlsVGmuw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28045567)
10. C Depboylu E Weihe LE Eiden 2011 COX1 and COX2 expression in non-neuronal cellular compartments of the rhesus macaque brain during lentiviral infection Neurobiol Dis 42 108 115 21220019 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.01.011 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3MXhvFWhtb8%3D
11. DL Evans CA Pedersen JD Folds 1988 Major depression and immunity: preliminary evidence of decreased natural killer cell populations Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 12 739 748 3265524 10.1016/0278-5846(88) 90019-X 1:STN:280:DyaL1M7ivFCnsg%3D%3D
12. N Eynard E Flachaire C Lestra M Broyer R Zaidan B Claustrat, et al. 1993 Platelet serotonin content and free and total plasma tryptophan in healthy volunteers during 24 hours Clin Chem 39 2337 2340 8222232 1:CAS:528: DyaK2cXisVSrug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 23333333)
13. JD Fernstrom 1977 Effects on the diet on brain neurotransmitters Metabolism 26 207 223 13261 10.1016/0026-0495(77)90057-9 1:CAS:528: DyaE2sXntVCgsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 8040490)
14. V Gabbay L Liebes Y Katz S Liu S Mendoza JS Babb, et al. 2010 The kynurenine pathway in adolescent depression: preliminary findings from a proton MR spectroscopy study Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 34 37 44 19778568 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.09.015 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjvVShtg%3D%3D
15. EM Gal AD Sherman 1980 l-Kynurenine: its synthesis and possible regulatory function in brain Neurochem Res 5 223 239 6154900 10.1007/BF00964611 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXhvFGisL4%3D (Pubitemid 10134133)
16. RS Grant V Kapoor 1998 Murine glial cells regenerate NAD, after peroxide-induced depletion, using either nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, or quinolinic acid as substrates J Neurochem 70 1759 1763 9523595 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70041759.x 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhvFCls7w%3D (Pubitemid 28136993)
17. RS Grant H Naif M Espinosa V Kapoor 2000 IDO induction in IFN-gamma activated astroglia: a role in improving cell viability during oxidative stress Redox Rep 5 101 104 10939283 10.1179/135100000101535357 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3cXlvVemu74%3D (Pubitemid 30487977)
18. GJ Guillemin DG Smith SJ Kerr GA Smythe V Kapoor PJ Armati, et al. 2000 Characterisation of kynurenine pathway metabolism in human astrocytes and implications in neuropathogenesis Redox Rep 5 108 111 10939285 10.1179/135100000101535375 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlvVemu7o%3D (Pubitemid 30488525)
19. GJ Guillemin SJ Kerr GA Smythe DG Smith V Kapoor PJ Armati, et al. 2001 Kynurenine pathway metabolism in human astrocytes: a paradox for neuronal protection J Neurochem 78 842 853 11520905 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00498.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmt1egsLc%3D (Pubitemid 32777985)
20. GJ Guillemin G Smythe O Takikawa BJ Brew 2005 Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and production of quinolinic acid by human microglia, astrocytes, and neurons Glia 49 15 23 15390107 10.1002/glia.20090 (Pubitemid 40023649)
21. MP Heyes K Saito JS Crowley LE Davis MA Demitrack M Der, et al. 1992 Quinolinic acid and kynurenine pathway metabolism in inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological disease Brain 115 1249 1273 1422788 10.1093/brain/115.5.1249
22. MP Heyes K Saito EO Major S Milstien SP Markey JH Vickers 1993 A mechanism of quinolinic acid formation by brain in inflammatory neurological disease. Attenuation of synthesis from l-tryptophan by 6-chlorotryptophan and 4-chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilate Brain 116 1425 1450 8293279 (Pubitemid 24038860)
23. MP Heyes CL Achim CA Wiley EO Major K Saito SP Markey 1996 Human microglia convert l-tryptophan into the neurotoxin quinolinic acid Biochem J 320 595 597 8973572 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXivVGh (Pubitemid 26417785)
24. C Hilmas EF Pereira M Alkondon A Rassoulpour R Schwarcz EX Albuquerque 2001 The brain metabolite kynurenic acid inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptor activity and increases non-alpha7 nicotinic receptor expression: physiopathological implications J Neurosci 21 7463 7473 11567036 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnsFCksrc%3D (Pubitemid 32904945)
25. S Hosoda H Takimura M Shibayama H Kanamura K Ikeda H Kumada 2000 Psychiatric symptoms related to interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C: clinical features and prognosis Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 54 565 572 11043807 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2000.00754.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvptFemtQ%3D%3D
26. M Irwin TL Smith JC Gillin 1987 Low natural killer cytotoxicity in major depression Life Sci 41 2127 2133 3669915 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90531-5 1:STN:280:DyaL1c%2FjvVSiug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 18032325)
27. F Kaestner M Hettich M Peters W Sibrowski G Hetzel G Ponath, et al. 2005 Different activation patterns of proinflammatory cytokines in melancholic and non-melancholic major depression are associated with HPA axis activity J Affect Disord 87 305 311 15951024 10.1016/j.jad.2005.03.012 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXmvVGjs7s%3D (Pubitemid 41039953)
28. JP Kim DW Choi 1987 Quinolinate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture Neuroscience 23 423 432 2963969 10.1016/0306-4522(87)90066-2 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXltVyjug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 18004221)
29. YK Kim IB Suh H Kim CS Han CS Lim SH Choi, et al. 2002 The plasma levels of interleukin-12 in schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar mania: effects of psychotropic drugs Mol Psychiatry 7 1107 1114 12476326 10.1038/sj.mp.4001084 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xptlyks7c%3D (Pubitemid 36044270)
30. WE Knox 1951 Two mechanisms which increase in vivo the liver tryptophan peroxidase activity: specific enzyme adaptation and stimulation of the pituitary adrenal system Br J Exp Pathol 32 462 469 14886511 1:CAS:528: DyaG38XkvVyktQ%3D%3D
31. S Lanquillon JC Krieg U Bening-Abu-Shach H Vedder 2000 Cytokine production and treatment response in major depressive disorder Neuropsychopharmacology 22 370 379 10700656 10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00134-7 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhsVajsbo%3D (Pubitemid 30105765)
32. IP Lapin GF Oxenkrug 1969 Intensification of the central serotoninergic processes as a possible determinant of the thymoleptic effect Lancet 1 132 136 4178247 10.1016/S0140-6736(69)91140-4 1:STN:280:DyaF1M%2Fns1Ggtg%3D%3D
33. JE Leklem 1971 Quantitative aspects of tryptophan metabolism in humans and other species: a review Am J Clin Nutr 24 659 672 4253043 1:CAS:528:DyaE3MXktlahsLY%3D
34. M Maes 1994 Cytokines in major depression Biol Psychiatry 36 498 499 7811853 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90652-1 1:STN:280:DyaK2M7htV2ktw%3D%3D (letter; comment)
35. M Maes J Lambrechts E Bosmans J Jacobs E Suy C Vandervorst, et al. 1992 Evidence for a systemic immune activation during depression: results of leukocyte enumeration by flow cytometry in conjunction with monoclonal antibody staining Psychol Med 22 45 53 1574566 10.1017/S0033291700032712 1:STN:280:DyaK383ksFSjuw%3D%3D
36. M Maes W Stevens L DeClerck C Bridts D Peeters C Schotte, et al. 1992 Immune disorders in depression: higher T helper/T suppressor-cytotoxic cell ratio Acta Psychiatr Scand 86 423 431 1281959 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03292.x 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7htFWgtA%3D%3D
37. M Maes C Song AH Lin S Bonaccorso G Kenis R de Jongh, et al. 1999 Negative immunoregulatory effects of antidepressants: inhibition of interferon-gamma and stimulation of interleukin-10 secretion Neuropsychopharmacology 20 370 379 10088138 10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00088-8 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitVSnur4%3D (Pubitemid 29099768)
38. A Mangoni 1974 The "kynurenine shunt" and depression Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 11 293 298 4276862 1:CAS:528:DyaE2cXkslGqu70%3D
39. Mathers C, Loncar D (2005) Updated projection of global mortality and burden of disease, 2002-2030: data sources, methods and results. WHO, Geneva
40. AL Mellor DH Munn 1999 Tryptophan catabolism and T-cell tolerance: immunosuppression by starvation? Immunol Today 20 469 473 10500295 10.1016/S0167-5699(99)01520-0 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmsVWhsrg%3D (Pubitemid 29476077)
41. O Mikova R Yakimova E Bosmans G Kenis M Maes 2001 Increased serum tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations in major depression and multiple sclerosis Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 11 203 208 11418279 10.1016/S0924-977X(01)00081-5 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXksVGls7o%3D (Pubitemid 32611587)
42. CL Miller IC Llenos JR Dulay MM Barillo RH Yolken S Weis 2004 Expression of the kynurenine pathway enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase is increased in the frontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia Neurobiol Dis 15 618 629 15056470 10.1016/j.nbd.2003.12.015 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXivVKmsrg%3D (Pubitemid 38429977)
43. JR Moffett MA Namboodiri 2003 Tryptophan and the immune response Immunol Cell Biol 81 247 265 12848846 10.1046/j.1440-1711.2003.t01-1-01177.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmvFSmtLw%3D (Pubitemid 36904332)
44. JR Moffett KL Blinder CN Venkateshan MA Namboodiri 1998 Differential effects of kynurenine and tryptophan treatment on quinolinate immunoreactivity in rat lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs Cell Tissue Res 293 525 534 9716743 10.1007/s004410051145 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXltlCjtLs%3D (Pubitemid 28427336)
45. N Müller MJ Schwarz S Dehning A Douhet A Cerovecki B Goldstein-Müller, et al. 2006 The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib has therapeutic effects in major depression: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, add-on pilot study to reboxetine Mol Psychiatry 11 680 684 16491133 10.1038/sj.mp.4001805 (Pubitemid 43989814)
46. T Musso GL Gusella A Brooks DL Longo L Varesio 1994 Interleukin-4 inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in human monocytes Blood 83 1408 1411 8118042 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXitFCqtL0%3D (Pubitemid 24062865)
47. AM Myint YK Kim 2003 Cytokine-serotonin interaction through IDO: a neurodegeneration hypothesis of depression Med Hypotheses 61 519 525 14592780 10.1016/S0306-9877(03)00207-X 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXosVynsbs%3D (Pubitemid 37411894)
48. AM Myint BE Leonard HW Steinbusch YK Kim 2005 Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine alterations in major depression J Affect Disord 88 167 173 16126278 10.1016/j.jad.2005.07.008 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVWisbjI (Pubitemid 41266899)
49. AM Myint YK Kim R Verkerk S Scharpe H Steinbusch B Leonard 2007 Kynurenine pathway in major depression: evidence of impaired neuroprotection J Affect Disord 98 143 151 16952400 10.1016/j.jad.2006.07.013 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXmtVWhtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 46048912)
50. S Okuda N Nishiyama H Saito H Katsuki 1998 3-Hydroxykynurenine, an endogenous oxidative stress generator, causes neuronal cell death with apoptotic features and region selectivity J Neurochem 70 299 307 9422375 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70010299.x 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmt1Wk (Pubitemid 28020856)
51. MN Perkins TW Stone 1982 An iontophoretic investigation of the actions of convulsant kynurenines and their interaction with the endogenous excitant quinolinic acid Brain Res 247 184 187 6215086 10.1016/0006-8993(82)91048-4 1:CAS:528:DyaL38Xls1Slsr4%3D (Pubitemid 12028646)
52. H Pertz W Back 1988 Synthesis and resolution of chiral ring-opened serotonin analogs of the 5-hydroxykynuramine type Pharm Acta Helv 63 128 131 3222266 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhtlCqtrk%3D
53. A Pocivavsek HQ Wu MC Potter GI Elmer R Pellicciari R Schwarcz 2011 Fluctuations in endogenous kynurenic acid control hippocampal glutamate and memory Neuropsychopharmacology 36 2357 2367 21796108 10.1038/npp.2011.127 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFyms7bN
54. CL Raison R Dantzer KW Kelley MA Lawson BJ Woolwine G Vogt, et al. 2010 CSF concentrations of brain tryptophan and kynurenines during immune stimulation with IFN-alpha: relationship to CNS immune responses and depression Mol Psychiatry 15 393 403 19918244 10.1038/mp.2009.116 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXjslWitr8%3D
55. G Rajkowska JJ Miguel-Hidalgo J Wei G Dilley SD Pittman HY Meltzer, et al. 1999 Morphometric evidence for neuronal and glial prefrontal cell pathology in major depression Biol Psychiatry 45 1085 1098 10331101 10.1016/S0006-3223(99) 00041-4 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3mtFCrtA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29236550)
56. M Salter CI Pogson 1985 The role of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in the hormonal control of tryptophan metabolism in isolated rat liver cells. Effects of glucocorticoids and experimental diabetes Biochem J 229 499 504 3899109 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXkvFyqt70%3D (Pubitemid 15232058)
57. OJ Schiepers MC Wichers M Maes 2005 Cytokines and major depression Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29 201 217 15694227 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004. 11.003 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXptlCqsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 40202906)
58. R Schwarcz WO Whetsell Jr RM Mangano 1983 Quinolinic acid: an endogenous metabolite that produces axon-sparing lesions in rat brain Science 219 316 318 6849138 10.1126/science.6849138 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXmvF2gsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 13222319)
59. A Sluzewska JK Rybakowski M Laciak A Mackiewicz M Sobieska K Wiktorowicz 1995 Interleukin-6 serum levels in depressed patients before and after treatment with fluoxetine Ann N Y Acad Sci 762 474 476 7668562 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995. tb32372.x 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXoslKnurk%3D
60. A Sluzewska J Rybakowski E Bosmans M Sobieska R Berghmans M Maes, et al. 1996 Indicators of immune activation in major depression Psychiatry Res 64 161 167 8944394 10.1016/S0165-1781(96)02783-7 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XnsFOltbw%3D (Pubitemid 26380235)
61. RS Smith 1991 The macrophage theory of depression Med Hypotheses 35 298 306 1943879 10.1016/0306-9877(91)90272-Z 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FkvVOmsw%3D%3D
62. J Steiner H Bielau R Brisch P Danos O Ullrich C Mawrin, et al. 2008 Immunological aspects in the neurobiology of suicide: elevated microglial density in schizophrenia and depression is associated with suicide J Psychiatr Res 42 151 157 17174336 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.10.013 (Pubitemid 350061255)
63. AJ Thomas S Davis C Morris E Jackson R Harrison JT O'Brien 2005 Increase in interleukin-1beta in late-life depression Am J Psychiatry 162 175 177 15625217 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.175 (Pubitemid 40095688)
64. Y Watanabe M Fujiwara R Yoshida O Hayaishi 1980 Stereospecificity of hepatic l-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Biochem J 189 393 405 6783035 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXktlWmug%3D%3D
65. MC Wichers GH Koek G Robaeys R Verkerk S Scharpe M Maes 2005 IDO and interferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms: a shift in hypothesis from tryptophan depletion to neurotoxicity Mol Psychiatry 10 538 544 15494706 10.1038/sj.mp.4001600 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXksFejsb0%3D (Pubitemid 40897037)
66. H Yasui K Takai R Yoshida O Hayaishi 1986 Interferon enhances tryptophan metabolism by inducing pulmonary indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: its possible occurrence in cancer patients Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 6622 6626 2428037 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6622 1:CAS:528:DyaL28XlslSgsrw%3D (Pubitemid 17174787)
67. A Yuwiler WH Oldendorf E Geller L Braun 1977 Effect of albumin binding and amino acid competition on tryptophan uptake into brain J Neurochem 28 1015 1023 16985 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10664.x 1:CAS:528:DyaE2sXltlWiur8%3D (Pubitemid 8098869)