Eelgrass restoration by seed maintains genetic diversity: Case study from a coastal bay system

Marine Ecology Progress Series

Volumn 448, Issue , 2012, Pages 223-233

  Reynolds, Laura K ^a   Waycott, Michelle ^b   McGlathery, Karen J ^a   Orth, Robert J ^c   Zieman, Joseph C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^b JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE   (United States)

Author keywords

Genetic diversity; Microsatellite DNA; Restoration; Seagrass; Zostera marina

Indexed keywords

CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COASTAL ZONE; CONSERVATION GENETICS; ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; FITNESS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; GENETIC MARKER; HABITAT RESTORATION; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; MEADOW; POPULATION STRUCTURE; RECRUITMENT (POPULATION DYNAMICS); RESTORATION ECOLOGY; SEAGRASS; SEED; STABILIZATION;

ATLANTIC COAST [NORTH AMERICA]; ATLANTIC COAST [UNITED STATES]; CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED STATES;

ZOSTERA MARINA;

EID: 84857541080     PISSN: 01718630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/meps09386     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Booy G, Hendriks RJJ, Smulders MJM, Van Groenendael JM, Vosman B (2000) Genetic diversity and the survival of populations. Plant Biol 2: 379-395 (Pubitemid 30647995)
2. Campanella JJ, Bologna PAX, Smith SM, Rosenzweig EB, Smalley JV (2009) Zostera marina population genetics in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, and implications for grass bed restoration. Popul Ecol 52: 181-190
3. Cottam C (1934) Past periods of eelgrass scarcity. Rhodora 36: 261-264
4. Cottam C (1935) Further notes on past periods of eelgrass scarcity. Rhodora 37: 269-271
5. Cottam C, Munro DA (1954) Eelgrass status and environmental relations. J Wildl Manage 18: 449-460
6. Coyer JA, Miller KA, Engle JM, Veldsink J, Cabello-Pasini A, Stam WT, Olsen JL (2007) Eelgrass meadows in the California Channel Islands and adjacent coast reveal a mosaic of two species, evidence for introgression and variable clonality. Ann Bot 101: 73-87 (Pubitemid 350274518)
7. Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J (2005) Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Mol Ecol 14: 2611-2620 (Pubitemid 40886055)
8. Goudet J (2001) FSTAT, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices (Version 2.9.3). Available at: www.unil.ch/izea/softwares/ fstat.html (accessed on 28 December 2011)
9. Green EP, Short FT (2003) World atlas of seagrass. University of California Press
10. Berkeley, CA Greening H, Janicki A (2006) Toward reversal of eutrophic conditions in a subtropical estuary: water quality and seagrass response to nitrogen loading reductions in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Environ Manage 38: 163-178 (Pubitemid 43938388)
11. Halpern BS, Walbridge S, Selkoe KA, Kappel CV and others (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science 319: 948-952 (Pubitemid 351263764)
12. Hansen JCR, Reidenbach MA (2012) Wave and tidally driven flows in eelgrass beds and their effect on sediment suspension. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 448:271-287
13. Harwell MC, Orth RJ (2002) Long-distance dispersal potential in a marine macrophyte. Ecology 83: 3319-3330 (Pubitemid 36524648)
14. Hufford KM, Mazer SJ (2003) Plant ecotypes: genetic differentiation in the age of ecological restoration. Trends Ecol Evol 18: 147-155 (Pubitemid 36391422)
15. Hughes AR, Stachowicz JJ (2004) Genetic diversity en - hances the resistance of a seagrass ecosystem to disturbance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 8998-9002 (Pubitemid 38781599)
16. Hughes AR, Stachowicz JJ (2011) Seagrass genotypic diversity increases disturbance response via complementarity and dominance. J Ecol 99: 445-453
17. Jackson JBC, Kirby MX, Berger WH, Bjorndal KA and others (2001) Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293: 629-637 (Pubitemid 32728657)
18. Johnson MTJ, Lajeunesse MJ, Agrawal AA (2006) Additive and interactive effects of plant genotypic diversity on arthropod communities and plant fitness. Ecol Lett 9: 24-34
19. Källström B, Nyqvist A, Åberg P, Bodin M, André C (2008) Seed rafting as a dispersal strategy for eelgrass (Zostera marina). Aquat Bot 88: 148-153 (Pubitemid 350297583)
20. Knapp EE, Dyer AR (1998) When do genetic considerations require special approaches to ecological restoration? In: Fiedler PL, Kareiva, P (eds) Conservation biology for the coming decade. Chapman & Hall, New York, NY, p 345-363
21. Kuehler C, Lieberman A, Oesterle P, Powers T and others (2000) Development of restoration techniques for Hawaiian thrushes: collection of wild eggs, artificial incubation, hand-rearing, captive-breeding, and re-introduction to the wild. Zoo Biol 19: 263-277
22. Lotze HK, Lenihan HS, Bourque BJ, Bradbury RH and others (2006) Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas. Science 312: 1806-1809 (Pubitemid 43962900)
23. Marion SR, Orth RJ (2010) Innovative techniques for largescale seagrass restoration using Zostera marina (eelgrass) seeds. Restor Ecol 18: 514-526
24. McGlathery KJ, Reynolds LK, Cole LW, Orth RJ, Marion SR, Schwarz schild A (2012) Recovery trajectories during state change from bare sediment to eelgrass dominance. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 448:209-221
25. Moore KA, Jarvis JC (2008) Environmental factors affecting recent summertime eelgrass diebacks in the lower Chesapeake Bay: implications for long-term persistence. J Coast Res 55: 135-147
26. Olsen JL, Stam WT, Coyer JA, Reusch TBH and others (2004) North Atlantic phylogeography and large-scale population differentiation of the seagrass Zostera marina L. Mol Ecol 13: 1923-1941 (Pubitemid 38847596)
27. Ort BS, Cohen SB, Boyer KE, Wyllie-Echeverria S (2010) Planning for eelgrass restoration in San Francisco Bay: genetic considerations. Report prepared for the California State Coastal Conservancy and Ocean Protection Council, Interagency Agreement No. 05-103. ,27
28. Orth RJ (1975) Destruction of eelgrass, Zostera marina, by the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. Chesap Sci 16: 205-208
29. Orth RJ (1976) The demise and recovery of eelgrass, Zostera marina, in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. Aquat Bot 2: 141-159
30. Orth RJ, Moore KA (1983) Chesapeake Bay: an unprecedented decline in submerged aquatic vegetation. Science 222:51-53
31. Orth RJ, Moore KA (1984) Distribution and abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay-a historical perspective. Estuaries 7: 531-540 (Pubitemid 16276367)
32. Orth RJ, Carruthers TJB, Dennison WC, Duarte CM and others (2006a) A global crisis for seagrass ecosystems. Bioscience 56: 987-996 (Pubitemid 44927722)
33. Orth RJ, Luckenbach ML, Marion SR, Moore KA, Wilcox DJ (2006b) Seagrass recovery in the Delmarva coastal bays, USA. Aquat Bot 84: 26-36 (Pubitemid 41803087)
34. Orth RJ, Marion SR, Moore KA, Wilcox DJ (2010) Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in the Chesapeake Bay region of mid-Atlantic coast of the USA: challenges in conservation and restoration. Estuar Coast 33: 139-150
35. Orth RJ, Moore KA, Marion SR, Wilcox DJ, Parrish DB (2012) Seed addition facilitates eelgrass recovery in a coastal bay system. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 448:177-195
36. Ostermann SD, Deforge JR, Edge WD (2001) Captive breeding and reintroduction evaluation criteria: a case study of peninsular bighorn sheep. Conserv Biol 15: 749-760 (Pubitemid 32526241)
37. Paling EI, FonsecaM, van Katwijk MM, van KeulenM(2009) Seagrass restoration. In: Perillo GME, Wolanski E, Ca - hoon DR, Brinson M (eds) Coastal wetlands: an integrated ecosystems approach. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 687-713
38. Peakall R, Smouse PE (2006) Genalex 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes 6: 288-295 (Pubitemid 43373825)
39. Phillips RC, McMillan C, Bridges KW (1983) Phenology of eelgrass, Zostera marina L., along latitudinal gradients in North America. Aquat Bot 15: 145-156 (Pubitemid 13286399)
40. Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P (2000) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155: 945-959 (Pubitemid 30397141)
41. Rasmussen E (1977) The wasting disease of eelgrass (Zos - tera marina) and its effects on environmental factors and fauna. In: McRoy CP, Helfferich C (eds) Seagrass ecosystems. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, p 1-51
42. Reed DH, Frankham R (2003) Population fitness is correlated with genetic diversity. Conserv Biol 17: 230-237 (Pubitemid 36234415)
43. Reusch TBH, Stam WT, Olsen JL (1999) Microsatellite loci in eelgrass Zostera marina reveal marked polymorphism within and among populations. Mol Ecol 8: 317-321 (Pubitemid 29087629)
44. Reusch TBH, Stam WT, Olsen JL (2000) A microsatellitebased estimation of clonal diversity and population subdivision in Zostera marina, a marine flowering plant. Mol Ecol 9: 127-140 (Pubitemid 30121377)
45. Reusch TBH, Ehlers A, Hammerli A, Worm B (2005) Ecosystem recovery after climatic extremes enhanced by genotypic diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 2826-2831 (Pubitemid 40299876)
46. Short FT, Polidoro P, Livingstone SR, Carpenter KE and others (2011) Extinction risk assessment of the world's seagrass species. Biol Conserv 144: 1961-1971
47. Talbot SL, Sage GK, Rearick JR, Muñiz-Salazar R (2004) Genetic structure of Zostera marina in San Francisco Bay. Report to the baywide eelgrass inventory and habitat management research program. NOAA Fisheries & Caltrans, San Francisco, CA
48. van Katwijk MM, Bos AR, de Jonge VN, Hanssen LSAM, Hermus DCR, de Jong DJ (2009) Guidelines for seagrass restoration: importance of habitat selection and donor population, spreading of risks, and ecosystem engineering effects. Mar Pollut Bull 58: 179-188
49. Waples R (1991) Pacific salmon, Oncorhynus spp., and the definition of 'species' under the Endangered Species Act. Mar Fish Rev 53: 11-22 (Pubitemid 23398169)
50. Waples RS (1994) Genetic considerations in recovery efforts for Pacific salmon. Conserv Biol 8: 884-886
51. Watkinson AR, Powell JC (1993) Seedling recruitment and the maintenance of clonal diversity in plant populations- a computer simulation of Ranunculus repens. J Ecol 81: 707-717
52. Waycott M, Duarte CM, Carruthers TJB, Orth RJ and others (2009) Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 12377-12381
53. Williams S (2001) Reduced genetic diversity in eelgrass transplantations affects both individual and population fitness. Ecol Appl 11: 1472-1488 (Pubitemid 32972429)
54. Williams SL, Davis CA (1996) Population genetic analyses of transplanted eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds reveal reduced genetic diversity in southern California. Restor Ecol 4: 163-180
55. Wyllie-Echeverria S, Talbot SL, Rearick JR (2010) Genetic structure and diversity of Zostera marina (eelgrass) in the San Juan Archipelago, Washington, USA. Estuar Coast 33: 811-827
56. Yoshida T, Okamoto H, Tanaka Y, Hibino T, Suzuki T, Takabe T (2009) Reproduction dynamics of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) populations in Ise-Mikawa Bay, central Honshu, Japan. Plant Species Biol 24: 202-208
57. Zhu GY, Kinet JM, Bertin P, Bouharmont J, Lutts S (2000) Crosses between cultivars and tissue culture-selected plants for salt resistance improvement in rice, Oryzasativa. Plant Breed 119: 497-504 (Pubitemid 32100102)