Understanding the timing of motor imagery: recent findings and future directions

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 3-22

  Guillot, Aymeric ^a   Hoyek, Nady ^a   Louis, Magali ^a   Collet, Christian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LYON 1   (France)

Author keywords

mental chronometry; mental practice; motor performance; movement imagery

Indexed keywords

EID: 84857216160     PISSN: 1750984X     EISSN: 17509858     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1750984X.2011.623787     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Beyer, L., Weiss, T., Hansen, E., Wolf, A. and Seidel, A. 1990. Dynamics of central nervous activation during motor imagination. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 9: 75-80.
2. Bideaud, J. and Courbois, Y. 1998. Image mentale et développement, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
3. Boschker, M.S.J., Bakker, F.C. and Rietberg, M.B. 2000. Retroactive interference effects of mentally imagined movement speed. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18: 593-603.
4. Caeyenberghs, K., van Roon, D., Swinnen, S.P. and Smits-Engelsman, B.C.M. 2009. Deficits in executed and imagined aiming performance in brain-injured children. Brain and Cognition, 69: 154-161.
5. Callow, N., Roberts, R. and Fawkes, J.Z. 2006. Effects of dynamic and static imagery on vividness of imagery skiing performance, and confidence. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 1: 1-15.
6. Calmels, C. and Fournier, J.F. 2001. Duration of physical and mental execution of gymnastic routines. The Sport Psychologist, 15: 142-150.
7. Calmels, C., Holmes, P., Lopez, E. and Naman, V. 2006. Chronometric comparison of actual and imaged complex movement patterns. Journal of Motor Behavior, 38: 339-348.
8. Cerritelli, B., Maruff, P., Wilson, P. and Currie, J. 2000. The effect of an external load on the force and timing components of mentally represented actions. Behavioural Brain Research, 108: 91-96.
9. Choudhury, S., Charman, T., Bird, V. and Blakemore, S.J. 2007. Adolescent development of motor imagery in a visually guided pointing task. Brain and Cognition, 16: 886-896.
10. Cocude, M., Mellet, E. and Denis, M. 1999. Visual and mental exploration of visuo-spatial configurations: Behavioral and neuroimaging approaches. Psychological Research, 62: 93-106.
11. Collet, C., Dittmar, A., & Vernet-Maury, E. 1999. L'activité neurovégétative enregistrée en conditions réelles et en simulation par imagerie mentale chez les haltérophiles de haut-niveau [Neurovegetative activity recorded during actual execution and motor imagery in elite weightlifters] In P. Lanteri A. Midol Rogowski I. Les sciences de la performance à l'aube du XXIème siècle (pp. 263-269) Centre Jacques Cartter Lyon, France
12. De Lange, F.P., Helmich, R.C. and Toni, I. 2006. Posture influences motor imagery: An fMRI study. Neuroimage, 33: 609-617.
13. Debarnot, U., Louis, M., Collet, C., & Guillot, A. 2010. How does motor imagery speed affect motor performance times? Evaluating the effects of task specificity. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25, 536-540.
14. Debarnot, U., Sahraoui, D., Champely, S., Collet, C., & Guillot, A. 2011. Selective influence of circadian modulations and task characteristics on motor imagery times. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, in press.
15. Decety, J. and Boisson, D. 1990. Effect of brain and spinal cord injuries on motor imagery. European Archives in Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 240: 39-43.
16. Decety, J. and Jeannerod, M. 1996. Mentally simulated movements in virtual reality: Does Fitts's law hold in motor imagery?. Behavioural Brain Research, 72: 127-134.
17. Decety, J., Jeannerod, M. and Prablanc, C. 1989. The timing of mentally represented actions. Behavioural Brain Research, 34: 35-42.
18. Decety, J. and Michel, F. 1989. Comparative analysis of actual and mental movement times in two graphic tasks. Brain and Cognition, 11: 87-97.
19. Denis, M. and Cocude, M. 1997. On the metric properties of visual images generated from verbal descriptions: Evidence for the robustness of the mental scanning effect. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 9: 353-379.
20. Donders, F.C. 1868. On the speed of mental processes. Acta Psychologica, 30: 412-431.
21. Fery, Y.A. 2003. Differentiating visual and kinesthetic imagery in mental practice. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57: 1-10.
22. Gabbard, G. 2009. Studying action representation in children via motor imagery. Brain and Cognition, 7: 234-239.
23. Graf, P. and Grondin, S. 2006. "Time perception in time-based prospective memory". In Timing the future: The case for a time-based prospective memory, Edited by: Glicksohn, J. and Myslobodsky, M.S. 1-24. River Edge, NK: World Scientific.
24. Grealy, M.A. and Shearer, G.F. 2008. Timing processes in motor imagery. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 20: 867-892.
25. Gueugneau, N., Mauvieux, B. and Papaxanthis, C. 2009. Circadian modulation of mentally simulated motor actions: Implications for the potential use of motor imagery in rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 23: 237-245.
26. Gueugneau, N. and Papaxanthis, C. 2010. Time-of-day effects on the internal simulation of motor actions: Psychophysical evidence from pointing movements with the dominant and non-dominant arm. Chronobiology International, 27: 620-639.
27. Guillot, A. and Collet, C. 2005a. Duration of mentally simulated movement: A review. Journal of Motor Behavior, 37: 10-20.
28. Guillot, A. and Collet, C. 2005b. Contribution from neurophysiological and psychological methods to the study of motor imagery. Brain Research Reviews, 50: 387-397.
29. Guillot, A. and Collet, C. 2008. Construction of the motor imagery integrative model in sport: A review and theoretical investigation of motor imagery use. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1: 31-44.
30. Guillot, A., Collet, C. and Dittmar, A. 2004. Relationship between visual vs. kinesthetic imagery, field dependence-independence and complex motor skills. Journal of Psychophysiology, 18: 190-199.
31. Guillot, A., Collet, C. and Dittmar, A. 2005. Influence of environmental context on motor imagery quality. Biology of Sport, 22: 215-226.
32. Guillot, A., Haguenauer, M., Dittmar, A. and Collet, C. 2005. Effect of a fatiguing protocol on motor imagery accuracy. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 95(2-3): 186-190.
33. Guillot, A., Louis, M. and Collet, C. 2009. Neural mechanisms for expertise in mental imagery. Cognitive Sciences, 4: 31-48.
34. Guillot, A., Louis, M. and Collet, C. 2010. "Neurophysiological substrates of motor imagery ability". In The neurophysiological foundations of mental and motor imagery, Edited by: Guillot, A. and Collet, C. 109-123. New-York: Oxford University Press.
35. Hanyu, K. and Itsukushima, Y. 1995. Cognitive distance of stairways: Distance, traversal time, and mental walk estimations. Environment and Behavior, 27: 579-591.
36. Hanyu, K. and Itsukushima, Y. 2000. Cognitive distance of stairways: A multi-stairway investigation. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41: 63-69.
37. Harvey, L.R., Krenz, E.W., McQueen, C. and Krenz, V.D. 1994. "Optimal arousal, stress and imagery". In Imagery and sports physical performance, Edited by: Sheikh, A.A. and Korn, E.R. 135-146. Amityville, NY: Bayood publishing.
38. Heremans, E., Helsen, W.F., De Poel, H.J., Alaerts, K., Meyns, P. and Feys, P. 2009. Facilitation of motor imagery through movement-related cueing. Brain Research, 1278: 50-58.
39. Holmes, P.S. and Collins, D.J. 2001. The PETTLEP approach to motor imagery: A functional equivalence model for sport psychologists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13: 60-83.
40. Hoyek, N., Champely, S., Collet, C., Fargier, P. and Guillot, A. 2009. Age and gender-related difference in the temporal congruence development between motor imagery and motor performance. Learning and Individual Differences, 19: 555-560.
41. Janssen, J.J. and Sheikh, A.A. 1994. "Enhancing athletic performance through imagery: An overview". In Imagery and sports physical performance, Edited by: Sheikh, A.A. and Korn, E.R. 1-22. Amityville, NY: Bayood publishing.
42. Johnson, S.H. 2000. Thinking ahead: The case for motor imagery in prospective judgements of prehension. Cognition, 74: 33-70.
43. Kosslyn, S.M. 1973. Scanning visual images: Some structural implications. Perception and Psychophysics, 14: 90-94.
44. Kosslyn, S.M., Ball, T.M. and Reiser, B.J. 1978. Visual images preserve metric spatial information: Evidence from studies of image scanning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 4: 47-60.
45. Landauer, T.K. 1962. Rate of implicit speech. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 15: 646
46. Lotze, M., Scheler, G., Tan, H.R.M., Braun, C. and Birbaumer, N. 2003. The musician's brain: Functional imaging of amateurs and professionals during performance and imagery. NeuroImage, 20: 1817-1829.
47. Louis, M., Collet, C., Champely, S., & Guillot, A. 2011. Differences in motor imagery time when predicting task duration in skiers and equestrian riders. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, in press.
48. Louis C., Collet C., & Guillot A. 2011. Differences in motor imagery times during aroused and relaxed conditions. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 23, 374-382.
49. Louis, M., Guillot, A., Maton, S., Doyon, J. and Collet, C. 2008. Effect of imagined movement speed on subsequent motor performance. Journal of Motor Behavior, 40: 117-132.
50. MacIntyre, T., & Moran, A. 1996. Imagery validation: How do we know athletes are imaging during mental practice. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 8, 132
51. MacIntyre, T. and Moran, A. 2010. "Meta-imagery processes among elite sports performers". In The neurophysiological foundations of mental and motor imagery, Edited by: Guillot, A. and Collet, C. 227-244. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
52. Malouin, F., Richards, C.L., Desrosiers, J. and Doyon, J. 2004. Bilateral slowing of mentally simulated actions after stroke. Neuroreport, 15: 1349-1353.
53. Malouin, F., Richards, C. and Durand, A. 2010. Normal aging and motor imagery vividness: Implications for mental practice training in rehabilitation. Archives in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91: 1122-1127.
54. Malouin, F., Richards, C., Durand, A. and Doyon, J. 2008. Reliability of mental chronometry for assessing motor imagery ability after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89: 311-319.
55. Maruff, P. and Velakoulis, D. 2000. The voluntary control of motor imagery. Imagined movements in individuals with feigned impairment and conversion disorder. Neuropsychologia, 38: 1251-1260.
56. Maruff, P., Wilson, P.H., De Fazio, J., Cerritelli, B., Hedt, A. and Currie, J. 1999. Asymmetries between dominant and non-dominant hands in real and imagined motor task performance. Neuropsychologia, 37: 379-384.
57. Miall, R.C. and Wolpert, D.M. 1996. Forward models for physiological motor control. Neural Networks, 9: 1265-1279.
58. Milton, J., Small, S.L. and Solodkin, A. 2008. Imaging motor imagery: Methodological issues related to expertise. Methods, 45: 336-341.
59. Molina, M., Tijus, C. and Jouen, F. 2008. The emergence of motor imagery in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 99: 196-209.
60. Moran, A. 1993. Conceptual and methodological issues in the measurement of mental imagery skills in athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 16: 156-170.
61. Moran, A. 2002. In the mind's eye. The Psychologist, 15: 414-415.
62. Morris, T., Spittle, M. and Watt, A.P. 2005. Imagery in sport, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
63. Munroe, K.J., Giacobbi, P.R., Hall, C. and Weinberg, R. 2000. The four Ws of imagery use: Where, when, why and what. The Sport Psychologist, 14: 119-137.
64. Munzert, J. 2002. Temporal accuracy of mentally simulated transport movements. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 94: 307-318.
65. Munzert, J. 2008. Does level of expertise influence imagery durations in open skills? Played versus imagined durations of badminton sequences. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6: 24-38.
66. O, J. and Hall, C. 2009. A quantitative analysis of athletes' voluntarily use of slow-motion, real time and fast motion images. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21: 15-30.
67. O, J. and Munroe-Chandler, K.J. 2008. The effects of image speed on the performance of a soccer task. The Sport Psychologist, 22: 1-17.
68. Oishi, K., Kasai, T. and Maeshima, T. 2000. Autonomic response specificity during motor imagery. Journal of Physiology and Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 19: 255-261.
69. Orliaguet, J.P. and Coello, Y. 1998. Differences between actual and imagined putting movements in golf: A chronometric analysis. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29: 157-169.
70. Papaxanthis, C., Pozzo, T., Kasprinski, R. and Berthoz, A. 2003. Comparison of actual and imagined execution of whole-body movements after a long exposure to microgravity. Neuroscience Letters, 339: 41-44.
71. Papaxanthis, C., Pozzo, T., Skoura, X. and Schieppati, M. 2002. Does order and timing performance of imagined and actual movements affect the motor imagery process? The duration of walking and writing tasks. Behavioural Brain Research, 134: 209-215.
72. Parsons, L.M. 1987. Imagined spatial transformation of one's hand and feet. Cognitive Psychology, 19: 178-241.
73. Personnier, P., Ballay, Y. and Papaxanthis, C. 2009. Mentally represented motor actions in normal aging. III. Electromyographic features of imagined arm movements. Behavioral Brain Research, 206: 184-191.
74. Personnier, P., Paizis, C., Ballay, Y. and Papaxanthis, C. 2008. Mentally represented motor actions in normal aging II. The influence of the gravito-inertial context on the duration of overt and covert arm movements. Behavioural Brain Research, 186: 273-283.
75. Posner, M.I. 1978. Chronometric explorations of mind, Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
76. Posner, M.I. 2005. Timing the brain: Mental chronometry as a tool in neuroscience. PLOS Biology, 3: e51
77. Pylyshyn, Z.W. 1973. What the mind's eye tells the mind's brain. A critique of mental imagery. Psychological Bulletin, 80: 1-24.
78. Pylyshyn, Z.W. 1981. The imagery debate: Analogue media versus tacit knowledge. Psychological Review, 88: 16-45.
79. Reed, C.L. 2002. Chronometric comparisons of imagery to action: Visualizing versus physically performing springboard dives. Memory and Cognition, 30: 1169-1178.
80. Ross, J.S., Tkach, J., Ruggieri, P.M., Lieber, M. and Lapresto, E. 2003. The mind's eye: Functional MR imaging of golf motor imagery. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 24: 1036-1044.
81. Rushall, B.S. and Lippman, L.G. 1998. The role of imagery in physical performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29: 57-72.
82. Schmidt, R.A. 1975. A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning. Psychological Review, 82: 225-260.
83. Sirigu, A. and Duhamel, J.R. 2001. Motor and visual imagery as two complementary but neurally dissociable mental processes. Journal of Cognitive Neurosciences, 13: 910-919.
84. Sirigu, A., Duhamel, J.R., Cohen, L., Pillon, B., Dubois, B. and Agid, L. 1996. The mental representation of hand movements after parietal cortex damage. Science, 273: 1564-1568.
85. Skoura, X., Papaxanthis, C., Vinter, A. and Pozzo, T. 2005. Mentally representing motor actions in normal aging I. Age effects on the temporal features of overt and covert execution of actions. Behavioural Brain Research, 165: 229-239.
86. Skoura, X., Personnier, P., Vinter, A., Pozzo, T. and Papaxanthis, C. 2008. Decline in motor prediction in elderly subjects: Right versus left arm differences in mentally simulated motor actions. Cortex, 44: 1271-1278.
87. Skoura, X., Vinter, A. and Papaxanthis, C. 2009. Mentally simulated motor actions in children. Developmental Psychology, 34: 356-367.
88. Slifkin, A.B. 2008. High loads induce differences between actual and imagined movement duration. Experimental Brain Research, 185: 297-307.
89. Vargas, C.D., Olivier, E., Craighero, L., Fadiga, L., Duhamel, J.R. and Sirigu, A. 2004. The influence of hand posture on corticospinal excitability during motor imagery: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Cerebral Cortex, 14: 1200-1206.
90. Vieilledent, S. 1996. Étude de la simulation d'un mouvement complexe en situation naturelle: Le cas de l'escalade sportive (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Paris, France: University Pierre and Marie Curie.
91. Watson, M.E. and Rubin, D.C. 1996. Spatial imagery preserves temporal order. Memory, 4: 515-534.
92. Wearden, J.H. 2003. "Applying the scalar timing model to human time psychology: Progress and challenges". In Time and mind II: Information-processing perspectives, Edited by: Helfrich, H. 21-39. Gottingen: Hogrefe and Huber.
93. Weinberg, R.S. and Gould, D. 1995. Foundations of sport psychology, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
94. Weinberg, R.S., Seabourne, T.G. and Jackson, A. 1981. Effect of visuo-motor behaviour rehearsal, revelation and imagery on karate performance. Journal of Sport Psychology, 10: 71-78.
95. Weinberg, R., Seabourne, T. and Jackson, A. 1987. Arousal and relaxation instructions prior to the use of imagery. Effects on image controllability, vividness and performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 18: 205-214.