A comprehensive post-market review of studies on a probiotic product containing Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011

Beneficial Microbes

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 319-334

  Foster, L M ^a   Tompkins, T A ^b   Dahl, W J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY AND CANCER   (Canada)

Author keywords

Antibiotic associated diarrhoea; Clinical; Infection

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 8; LACIDOFIL; PLACEBO; PROBIOTIC AGENT; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; ARTICLE; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIUM ADHERENCE; CANDIDIASIS; DIARRHEA; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASE; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG SAFETY; ENTERITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GENE SEQUENCE; HELICOBACTER INFECTION; HUMAN; INTESTINE INFECTION; LACTOBACILLUS HELVETICUS; LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; NONHUMAN; POSTMARKETING SURVEILLANCE; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; STOMACH ULCER; TOXICITY TESTING; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ULCERATIVE COLITIS; URINARY TRACT DISEASE; VAGINITIS; ASIA; EUROPE; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; NORTH AMERICA; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ASIA; EUROPE; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES; HUMANS; LACTOBACILLUS HELVETICUS; LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS; NORTH AMERICA; PROBIOTICS; PRODUCT SURVEILLANCE, POSTMARKETING;

EID: 84857083175     PISSN: 18762883     EISSN: 18762891     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3920/BM2011.0032     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Alemka, A., Clyne, M., Shanahan, F., Tompkins, T.A., Corcionivoshi, N. and Bourke, B., 2010. Probiotic colonization of the adherent mucus layer of HT29MTXE12 cells attenuates Campylobacter jejuni virulence properties. Infection and Immunity 78: 2812-2822.
2. Allen, S.J., Okoko, B., Martinez, E., Gregorio, G. and Dans, L.F., 2008. Probiotics for treating infectious diarrhoea. The Cochrane Library 2: 1-65.
3. Arvola, T., Laiho, K., Torkkeli, S., Mykkänen, H., Salminen, S., Maunula, L. and Isolauri, E., 1999. Prophylactic Lactobacillus GG reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children with respiratory infections: a randomized study. Pediatrics 104: e64.
4. Aryayev, M. and Kononenko, N., 2009. Prevention of antibioticassociated diarrhoea in patients with cystic fibrosis. ???????? ???????? ?????? [Odessa Medical Journal] 4(114): 78 (abstract).
5. Atassi, F., Brassart, D., Grob, P., Graf, F. and Servin, A.L., 2006. In vitro antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus helveticus strain KS300 against diarrhoeagenic, uropathogenic and vaginosis-associated bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology 101: 647-654.
6. Babak, O., 2007. The use of Lacidofil in treatment of duodenal peptic ulcers associated with H. pylori. ??????? ???????? ? ???????? [News of Pharmacy and Medicine] 5: 24-25.
7. Beganovic, J., Frece, J., Kos, B., Pavunc, A.P., Habjanic, K. and Suskovic, J., 2011. Functionality of the S-layer protein from the probiotic strain Lactobacillus helveticus M92. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 100: 43-53.
8. Benes, Z., Krtek, V. and Tompkins, T,A., 2006. A probiotic combination for IBS: a pilot clinical study. NUTRAfoods 5: 20-27.
9. Besselink, M., Van Santvoort, H., Buskens, E., Boermeester, M., Goor, H., Timmerman, H., Nieuwenhuijs, V., Bollen, T., Van Ramshorst, B., Witteman, B., Rosman, C., Ploeg P., Brink, M., Schaapherder, A., Dejong, C., Wahab, P., Van Laarhoven, C., Van der Harst, E. and Van Eijck, C., 2008. Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet 371: 651-659.
10. Borenshtein, D., McBee, M. and Schauer, D., 2008. Utility of the Citrobacter rodentium infection model in laboratory mice. Current Opinions in Gastroenterology 24: 32-37.
11. Botes, M., Van Reenen, C.A. and Dicks, L.M., 2008. Evaluation of Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA and Lactobacillus plantarum 423 as probiotics by using a gastro-intestinal model with infant milk formulations as substrate. International Journal of Food Microbiology 128: 362-370.
12. Brzozowski, T., Konturek, P., Mierzwa, M., Drozdowicz, D., Bielanski, W., Kwiecien, S., Konturek, S.J., Stachura, J., Pawlik, W.W. and Hahn, E.G., 2006. Effects of probiotics and triple eradication therapy on the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, apoptosis, and functional gastric mucosal impairment in Helicobacter pyloryinfected Mongolian gerbils. Helicobacter 11: 10-20.
13. Brzozowski, T., Zwolinska-Wcislo, M., Konturek, P.C., Kwiecien, S., Drozdowicz, D., Konturek, S.J., Stachura, J., Budak, A., Bogdal, J., Pawlik, W.W. and Hahn, E.G., 2005. Influence of gastric colonization with Candida albicans on ulcer healing in rats: effect of ranitidine, aspirin and probiotic therapy. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 40: 286-296.
14. Champagne, C. and Gardner, N., 2008. The growth and recovery of an exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus rhamnosus culture on growth media containing apple juice or molasses. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 54: 237-241.
15. Chapman, C., Gibson, G.R. and Rowland, I., 2011. Health benefits of probiotics: are mixtures more effective than single strains? European Journal of Nutrition 50: 1-17.
16. Chayka, V., Dolgoshapko, O., Babich, T. and Govorukha I., 2006. Prevention of disbacteriosis in pregnant and women recently confined with surgical delivery. News of Medicine and Pharmacy 19: 14-15.
17. Chernyshov, P.V., 2007. Integrated treatment of infants, patients with atopic dermatitis. ???????????? [Dermatology] 3: 23-26.
18. Chernyshov, P.V., 2009a. B7-2/CD28 costimulatory pathway in children with atopic dermatitis and its connection with immunoglobulin E, intracellular interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma production by T cells during a 1 month follow-up. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 23: 656-659.
19. Chernyshov, P.V., 2009b. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial on clinical and immunologic effects of probiotic Lacidofil in infants with atopic dermatitis. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 21: 228-232.
20. Cremonini, F., Di Caro, S., Nista, E., Bartolozzi, F., Capelli, G., Gasbarrini, G. and Gasbarrini, A., 2002. Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 16: 1461-1467.
21. De Rosa F., Garazzino S., Pasero D., Di Perri G. and Ranieri V., 2009. Invasive candidiasis and candidemia: new guidelines. Minerva Anestesiologica 75: 453-458.
22. Diop, L., Guillou, S. and Durand, H., 2008. Probiotic food supplement reduces stress-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in volunteers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Nutrition Research 28: 1-5.
23. D'Souza, A., Chakravarthi, R., Cooke, J. and Bulpitt, C., 2002. Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis. British Medical Journal 324: 1361-1367.
24. Dupont, I., Roy, D. and Lapointe, G., 2000. Comparison of exopolysaccharide productionby strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei grown in chemically defined medium and milk. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 24: 251-255.
25. Dykstra, N.S., Hyde, L., Adawi, D., Kulik, D., Ahrne, S., Molin, G., Jeppsson, B., Mackenzie, A. and Mack, D.R., 2011. Pulse probiotic administration induces repeated small intestinal muc3 expression in rats. Pediatric Research 69: 206-211.
26. Easo, J.G., Measham, J.D., Munroe, J. and Green-Johnson, J.M., 2002. Immunostimulatory actions of lactobacilli: mitogenic induction of antibody production and spleen cell proliferation by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Food and Agricultural Immunology 14: 73-83.
27. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), 2001. Joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on evaluation of health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk and live lactic acid bacteria. Available at: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/ fs_management/en/probiotics.pdf.
28. Fiander, A., Bradley, S., Johnson-Green, P.C. and Green-Johnson, J.M., 2005. Effects of lactic acid bacteria and fermented milks on eicosanoid production by intestinal epithelial cells. Journal of Food Science 70: M81-M86.
29. Firmesse, O., Mogenet, A., Bresson, J., Corthier, G. and Furet J., 2008. Lactobacillus rhamnosus R11 consumed in a food supplement survived human digestive transit without modifying microbiota equilibrium as assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 14: 90-99.
30. Gareau, M., Jury, J., MacQueen, G., Sherman, P. and Perdue, M., 2007. Probiotic treatment of rat pups normalises corticosterone release and ameliorates colonic dysfunction induced by maternal separation. Gut 56: 1522-1528.
31. Gareau, M., Wine, E., Reardon, C. and Sherman, P.M., 2010. Probiotics prevent death caused by Citrobacter rodentium infection in neonatal mice. Journal of Infectious Diseases 201: 81-91.
32. Gareau, M., Wine, E., Rodrigues, D., Cho, J., Whary, M., Philpott, D.J., MacQueen, G. and Sherman, P.M., 2011. Bacterial infection causes stress-induced memory dysfunction in mice. Gut 60: 307-317.
33. Gnaytenko, O., Lychkovska, O., Kulachkovska, Y. and Semen, V., 2009. Antibiotics-associated diarrhoea as a complication of antihelicobacter therapy in children. Practical Medicine 5: 76-83.
34. Hagen, K.E., Tramp, C.A., Altermann, E., Welker, D.L. and Tompkins, T.A., 2010. Sequence analysis of plasmid pIR52-1 from Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and investigation of its origin of replication. Plasmid 63: 108-117.
35. Higgins, L., Frankel, G., Douce, G., Dougan, G. and MacDonald, T., 1999. Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice elicits a mucosal Th1 cytokine response and lesions similar to those in murine inflammatory bowel disease. Infection and Immunity 67: 3031-3039.
36. Inoue, R., Otsuka, M., Nishio, A. and Ushida, K., 2007. Primary administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533 in weaning period suppresses the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines and CD86 gene expressions in skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 50: 67-76.
37. Jandu, N., Zeng, Z.J., Johnson-Henry, K.C. and Sherman, P.M., 2009. Probiotics prevent enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7-mediated inhibition of interferon-?-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-1. Microbiology 155: 531-540.
38. Johnson-Henry, K.C., Hagen, K.E., Gordonpour, M., Tompkins, T.A. and Sherman, P.M., 2007. Surface proteins from Lactobacillus helveticus protect against the effects of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection. Cellular Microbiology 9: 356-367.
39. Johnson-Henry, K.C., Mitchell, D., Avitzur, Y., Galindo-Mata, E., Jones, N. and Sherman, P.M., 2004. Probiotics reduce bacterial colonization and gastric inflammation in H. pylori-infected mice. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 49: 1095-1102.
40. Johnson-Henry, K.C., Nadjafi, M., Avitzur, Y., Mitchell, D., Ngan, B., Galindo-Mata, E., Jones, N.L. and Sherman, P.M., 2005. Amelioration of the effects of Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice by pretreatment with probiotics. Journal of Infectious Diseases 191: 2106-2117.
41. Kocian, J., 1994. Possibilities in the treatment of lactose intolerance: lactobacilli. Prakticky Lekar [Practical Medicine] 74: 212-214.
42. Liskovich, V., Naumov, I., Ganchar, E. and Dembrovskaya S., 2010. Efficiency of Lacidofil-WM for prevention of vaginal dysbiosis and antibiotics-associated diarrhoea in puerperas after caesarean operation. ??????????????? [Health] 1: 63-66.
43. Lockhart, S.R., Abramson, M.A., Beekmann, S.E., Gallagher, G., Riedel, S., Diekema, D.J., Quinn, J.P. and Doern, G.V., 2007. Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacilli causing infections in intensive care unit patients in the United States between 1993 and 2004. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 45: 3352-3359.
44. Lyte, M., 2011. Probiotics function mechanistically as delivery vehicles for neuroactive compounds: microbial endocrinology in the design and use of probiotics. Bioessays 33: 574-581.
45. McFarland, L.V. and Dublin, S., 2008. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology 14: 2650-2661.
46. Malinen, E., Rinttila, T., Kajander, K., Matto, J, Kassinen, A., Krogius, L., Saarela, M., Korpela, R., and Palva, A., 2005. Analysis of the faecal microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome patients and healthy controls with real-time PCR. American Journal of Gastroenterology 100: 373-382.
47. Mark, D.A., Donovan, C.E., De Sanctis, G.T., He, H.Z. and Cernadas, M., 2000. B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) have complementary roles in mediating allergic pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 22: 265-271.
48. Marushko, Y. and Shef, G., 2007. Current status of antibioticsassociated bowel disorders issue in children. Perinatology and Pediatrics 4: 65-68.
49. Maydannik, V., Khaytovich, N., Boyarskaya, L., Gnateyko, O., Kaladze, N., Senatorova, A. and Yulish, E., 2010. Efficiency and safety of Lacidofil in children with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea caused by Clostridium difficile. Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology 3: 53-57.
50. Naser, S.M., Hagen, K.E., Vancanneyt, M., Cleenwerck, I., Swings, J. and Tompkins, T.A., 2006. Lactobacillus suntoryeus Cachat and Priest 2005 is a later synonym of Lactobacillus helveticus (Orla- Jensen 1919) Bergey et al. 1925 (approved lists 1980). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56: 355-360.
51. Patsera, M., Ivanko, O., Shalmin, A. and Chernyshov, L., 2010. Using probiotic strains Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 during pulmonary tuberculosis in children, complicated by antibiotic-associated Clostridium difficile intestinal infection. Zaporozhye Medical Journal 12: 30-33.
52. Péant, B., LaPointe, G., Gilbert, C., Atlan, D., Ward, P. and Roy, D., 2005. Comparative analysis of the exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters from four strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Microbiology 151: 1839-1851.
53. Pham, P., Dupont, I., Roy, D., Lapointe, G. and Cerning, J., 2000. Production of exopolysaccharide by Lactobacillus rhamnosus R and analysis of its enzymatic degradation during prolonged fermentation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66: 2302-2310.
54. Podlesny, M., Jarocki, P., Komon, E., Glibowska, A. and Targonski, Z., 2011. LC-MS/MS analysis of surface layer proteins as a useful method for the identification of Lactobacilli from Lactobacillus acidophilus group. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 21: 421-429.
55. Possemiers, S., Marzorati, M., Verstraete, W. and Van de Wiele, T., 2010. Bacteria and chocolate: a successful combination for probiotic delivery. International Journal of Food Microbiology 141: 97-103.
56. Provencher, C., LaPointe, G., Sirois, S., Van Calsteren, M. and Roy, D., 2003. Consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers for amplification of priming glycosyltransferase genes of the exopolysaccharide locus in strains of the Lactobacillus casei group. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69: 3299-3307.
57. Rampengan, N., Manoppo, J. and Warouw, S., 2010. Comparison of efficacies between live and killed probiotics in children with lactose malabsorption. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 41: 474-481.
58. Roy, D. and Ward, P., 2004. Comparison of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase gene (fbp) sequences for the identification of Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Current Microbiology 49: 313-320.
59. Sadowska, B., Walencka, E., Wieckowska-Szakiel, M. and Rózalska, B., 2010. Bacteria competing with the adhesion and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus. Folio Microbiologica 55: 497-501.
60. Sengul, N., Isik, S., Aslim, B., Ucar, G. and Demirbag, A.E., 2011. The effect of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic strains on gut oxidative damage in experimental colitis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 56: 707-714.
61. Sherman, P.M., Johnson-Henry, K.C., Yeung, H.P., Ngo, P.S., Goulet, J. and Tompkins, T.A., 2005. Probiotics reduce enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7- and enteropathogenic E. coli O127:H6- induced changes in polarized T84 epithelial cell monolayers by reducing bacterial adhesion and cytoskeletal rearrangements. Infection and Immunity 73: 5183-5188.
62. Si, J., Yu, Y., Fan, Y. and Chen, S., 2004. Intestinal microecology and quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome patients. World Journal of Gastroenterology 10: 1802-1805.
63. Skorodumova, N., Goncharova, L., Golosnoy, E. and Kovalenko, T., 2007. The feasibility of using probiotic Lacidofil in infants with diarrhoea of infectious origin. Clinical Pediatrics 2: 159-160.
64. Song, H., Kim, J., Jung, S., Kim, S., Park, H., Jeong Y., Hong, S., Cheon, J., Kim, W., Kim, H., Ye, B., Yang, S., Kim, S., Shin, S., Kim, H., Sung, J. and Kim, E., 2010. Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus (Lacidofil® Cap) for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea: a prospective, randomized double-blind multicenter study. Journal of Korean Medical Science 25: 1784-1791.
65. Tlaskal, P., Michkova, E., Klayarova, H., Jerabkova, L., Nevoral, J., Balackova, J., Tejnecka, J., Valtrova, V., Simandlova, M. and Kejvalova, L., 1995. Lactobacillus acidophilus in the treatment of children with gastrointestinal illnesses. Cesko-Slovenská Pediatrie 51: 615-619.
66. Tlaskal, P., Schramlova, J., Kokesova, A., Adamus, J., Bubakova, D., Kocnarova, N., Kopecka, K., Muckova, M., Pacovska, J. and Sladkova, E., 2005. Probiotics in the treatment of diarrhoeal disease of children. Nutrition, Aliments Fonctionnels, Aliments Santé 3: 25-28.
67. Tong, J., Ran, Z., Shen, J., Zhang, C. and Xiao, S., 2007. Meta-analysis: the effect of supplementation with probiotics on eradication rates and adverse events during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25: 155-168.
68. Tompkins, T.A., Hagen, K.E., Wallace, T.D. and Fillion-Forte, V., 2008. Safety evaluation of two bacterial strains used in Asian probiotic products. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54: 391-400.
69. Van Calsteren, M., Pau-Roblot, C., Bégin, A. and Roy, D., 2002. Structure determination of the exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains RW-9595M and R. Biochemical Journal 363: 7-17.
70. Van Niel, C., Feudtner, C., Garrison M. and Christakis D., 2002. Lactobacillus therapy for acute infectious diarrhoea in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 109: 678-684.
71. Vdovychenko, V., Demidov, A. and Bidyuk, O., 2008. Effectiveness of quadra therapy probiotics in patients with duodenal ulcers. [Current Gastroenterology] 43: 90-92.
72. Verdu, E., Bercik, P., Huang, X., Lu, J., Al-Mutawaly, N., Sakai, H., Tompkins, T.A., Croitoru, K., Tsuchida, E., Perdue, M. and Collins, S.M., 2008. The role of luminal factors in the recovery of gastric function and behavioural changes after chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Phsyiology 295: G664-G670.
73. Wallace, T.D., Bradley, S., Buckley, N.D. and Green-Johnson, J.M., 2003. Interactions of lactic acid bacteria with human intestinal epithelial cells: effects on cytokine production. Journal of Food Protection 66: 466-472.
74. Wine, E., Gareau, M.G., Johnson-Henry, K.C. and Sherman, P.M., 2009. Strain-specific probiotic (Lactobacillus helveticus) inhibition of Campylobacter jejuni invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells. FEMS Microbiology Letters 300: 146-152.
75. Wood, C., Keeling, S., Bradley, S., Johnson-Green, P.C. and Green- Johnson, J.M., 2007. Interactions in the mucosal microenvironment: vasoactive intestinal peptide modulates the down-regulatory action of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on LPS-induced interleukin-8 production by intestinal epithelial cells. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 19: 191-200.
76. Yan, F., Cao, H., Cover, T., Whitehead, R., Washington, M. and Polk, D., 2007. Soluble proteins produced by probiotic bacteria regulate intestinal epithelial cell survival and growth. Gastroenterology 132: 562-575.
77. Zareie, M., Johnson-Henry, K., Jury, J., Yang, P., Ngan, B., McKay, D., Soderholm, J.D., Perdue, M.H. and Sherman, P.M., 2006. Probiotics prevent bacterial translocation and improve intestinal barrier function in rats following chronic psychological stress. Gut 55: 1553-1560.
78. Ziemniak, W., 2006. Efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication taking into account its resistance to antibiotic. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 57: 123-141.
79. Zvyagintzeva, T. and Plutenko, I., 2008. Correction of disbiotic disorders in irritable bowel syndrome.[Current Gastroenterology] 42: 72-75.
80. Zwolinska-Wcisko, M., Brzozowski, T., Budak, A., Kwiecien, S., Sliwowski, Z., Drozdowicz, D., Trojanoska, D., Rudnicka-Sosin, L., Mach, T., Konturek, S.J. and Pawlik, W.W., 2009. Effect of Candida colonization on human ulcerative colitis and the healing of inflammatory changes of the colon in the experimental model of colitis ulcerosa. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 60: 107-118.
81. Zwolinska-Wcisko, M., Brzozowski, T., Budak, A., Sliwowski, Z., Drozdowicz, D., Kwiecien, S., Trojanoska, D., Rudnicka-Sosin, L., Mach, T., Konturek, S.J., Pawlik, W.W. and Targosz, A., 2007. Studies on the influence of Candida fungal colonization on the healing process of inflammatory lesions in the colon in rat animal model. Przeglad Lekarski [Medicine Review] 64: 124-129.
82. Zwolinska-Wcislo, M., Brzozowski, T., Mach, T., Budak, A., Trojanowska, D., Konturek, P., Pajdo, R., Drozdowicz, D. and Kwiecien, S., 2006. Are probiotics effective in the treatment of fungal colonization of the gastrointestinal tract? Experimental and clinical studies. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 57 Suppl. 9: 35-49.