Experimental and numerical investigation of the positiondependent growth of carbon nanotube-alumina microparticle hybrid structures in a horizontal CVD reactor

Carbon

Volumn 49, Issue 15, 2011, Pages 5359-5372

  He, Delong ^a   Li, Hao ^a   Bai, Jinbo ^a  

^a ECOLE CENTRALE PARIS   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALUMINA; CATALYSTS; CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; FLOW OF GASES; GROWTH KINETICS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NANOTUBES; ORGANOMETALLICS; REACTION KINETICS; YARN;

CHEMICAL SPECIES; CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION REACTORS; GAS FLOW DIRECTIONS; HYBRID STRUCTURE; INJECTION METHOD; NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS; POSITION DEPENDENTS; PYROLYSIS KINETICS;

CARBON NANOTUBES;

EID: 84857033185     PISSN: 00086223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.08.003     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Thostenson ET, Li C, Chou T-W. Nanocomposites in context. Compos Sci Technol 2005; 65(3-4): 491-516. (Pubitemid 40084026)
2. Georgakilas V, Gournis D, Tzitzios V, Pasquato L, Guldi DM, Prato M. Decorating carbon nanotubes with metal or semiconductor nanoparticles. J Mater Chem 2007; 17(26): 2679-94. (Pubitemid 47138958)
3. Thostenson ET, Li WZ, Wang DZ, Ren ZF, Chou TW. Carbon nanotube/carbon fiber hybrid multiscale composites. J Appl Phys 2002; 91(9): 6034-7.
4. Bozlar M, He D, Bai J, Chalopin Y, Mingo N, Volz S. Carbon nanotube microarchitectures for enhanced thermal conduction at ultralow mass fraction in polymer composites. Adv Mater 2010; 22(14): 1654-8.
5. Ci L, Bai J. Novel micro/nanoscale hybrid reinforcement: multiwalled carbon nanotubes on SiC particles. Adv Mater 2004; 16(22): 2021-4. (Pubitemid 40079404)
6. He D, Bozlar M, Genestoux M, Bai J. Diameter- and lengthdependent self-organizations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on spherical alumina microparticles. Carbon 2010; 48(4): 1159-70.
7. Hofmann S, Sharma R, Ducati C, Du G, Mattevi C, Cepek C, et al. In situ observations of catalyst dynamics during surface-bound carbon nanotube nucleation. Nano Lett 2007; 7(3): 602-8. (Pubitemid 46516033)
8. Choy KL. Chemical vapour deposition of coatings. Prog Mater Sci 2003; 48(2): 57-170. (Pubitemid 35412314)
9. Jose-Yacaman M, Miki-Yoshida M, Rendon L, Santiesteban JG. Catalytic growth of carbon microtubules with fullerene structure. Appl Phys Lett 1993; 62(6): 657-9.
10. Endo M, Takeuchi K, Igarashi S, Kobori K, Shiraishi M, Kroto HW. The production and structure of pyrolytic carbon nanotubes (PCNTs). J Phys Chem Solids 1993; 54(12): 1841-8.
11. Dai H, Rinzler AG, Nikolaev P, Thess A, Colbert DT, Smalley RE. Single-wall nanotubes produced by metal-catalyzed disproportionation of carbon monoxide. Chem Phys Lett 1996; 260(3-4): 471-5. (Pubitemid 126169669)
12. Yu H, Zhang Q, Wei F, Qian W, Luo G. Agglomerated CNTs synthesized in a fluidized bed reactor: agglomerate structure and formation mechanism. Carbon 2003; 41(14): 2855-63.
13. Wang Y, Wei F, Gu G, Yu H. Agglomerated carbon nanotubes and its mass production in a fluidized-bed reactor. Physica B 2002; 323(1-4): 327-9. (Pubitemid 35019074)
14. Mora E, Tokune T, Harutyunyan AR. Continuous production of single-walled carbon nanotubes using a supported floating catalyst. Carbon 2007; 45(5): 971-7. (Pubitemid 46528424)
15. See CH, Harris AT. A review of carbon nanotube synthesis via fluidized-bed chemical vapor deposition. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007; 46(4): 997-1012. (Pubitemid 46353270)
16. Bower C, Zhou O, Zhu W, Werder DJ, Jin S. Nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Appl Phys Lett 2000; 77(17): 2767-9.
17. Flahaut E, Govindaraj A, Peigney A, Laurent C, Rousset A, Rao CNR. Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes using binary (Fe, Co, Ni) alloy nanoparticles prepared in situ by the reduction of oxide solid solutions. Chem Phys Lett 1999; 300(1-2): 236-42. (Pubitemid 129335051)
18. Kong J, Cassell AM, Dai HJ. Chemical vapor deposition of methane for single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 1998; 292(4-6): 567-74. (Pubitemid 128677126)
19. Cassell AM, Raymakers JA, Kong J, Dai H. Large scale CVD synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 1999; 103(31): 6484-92. (Pubitemid 129613761)
20. Colomer JF, Stephan C, Lefrant S, Van Tendeloo G, Willems I, Kónya Z, et al. Large-scale synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method. Chem Phys Lett 2000; 317(1-2): 83-9.
21. Hafner JH, Bronikowski MJ, Azamian BR, Nikolaev P, Rinzler AG, Colbert DT, et al. Catalytic growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles. Chem Phys Lett 1998; 296(1- 2): 195-202. (Pubitemid 128340094)
22. Che G, Lakshmi BB, Martin CR, Fisher ER, Ruoff RS. Chemical vapor deposition based synthesis of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers using a template method. Chem Mater 1998; 10(1): 260-7. (Pubitemid 128473457)
23. Cheng HM, Li F, Su G, Pan HY, He LL, Sun X, et al. Large-scale and low-cost synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbons. Appl Phys Lett 1998; 72(25): 3282-4. (Pubitemid 128673629)
24. Smith DK, Lee DC, Korgel BA. High yield multiwall carbon nanotube synthesis in supercritical fluids. Chem Mater 2006; 18(14): 3356-64. (Pubitemid 44147055)
25. Andrews R, Jacques D, Rao AM, Derbyshire F, Qian D, Fan X, et al. Continuous production of aligned carbon nanotubes: a step closer to commercial realization. Chem Phys Lett 1999; 303(5-6): 467-74. (Pubitemid 129593914)
26. Zhou ZP, Ci LJ, Chen XH, Tang DS, Yan XQ, Liu DF, et al. Controllable growth of double wall carbon nanotubes in a floating catalytic system. Carbon 2003; 41(2): 337-42.
27. Porro S, Musso S, Giorcelli M, Chiodoni A, Tagliaferro A. Optimization of a thermal-CVD system for carbon nanotube growth. Physica E 2007; 37(1-2): 16-20. (Pubitemid 46401454)
28. Lin CH, Chang HL, Hsu CM, Lo AY, Kuo CT. The role of nitrogen in carbon nanotube formation. Diam Relat Mater 2003; 12(10-11): 1851-7. (Pubitemid 37546564)
29. Singh C, Shaffer MSP, Windle AH. Production of controlled architectures of aligned carbon nanotubes by an injection chemical vapour deposition method. Carbon 2003; 41(2): 359-68. (Pubitemid 35460223)
30. Wasel W, Kuwana K, Reilly PTA, Saito K. Experimental characterization of the role of hydrogen in CVD synthesis of MWCNTs. Carbon 2007; 45(4): 833-8. (Pubitemid 46161429)
31. Huang S. Growing carbon nanotubes on patterned submicron-size SiO2 spheres. Carbon 2003; 41(12): 2347-52.
32. Philippe R, Caussat B, Falqui A, Kihn Y, Kalck P, Bordere S, et al. An original growth mode of MWCNTs on alumina supported iron catalysts. J Catal 2009; 263(2): 345-58.
33. Yamamoto N, John Hart A, Garcia EJ, Wicks SS, Duong HM, Slocum AH, et al. High-yield growth and morphology control of aligned carbon nanotubes on ceramic fibers for multifunctional enhancement of structural composites. Carbon 2009; 47(3): 551-60.
34. Zhang Q, Huang J-Q, Zhao M-Q, Qian W-Z, Wang Y, Wei F. Radial growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays from ethylene on ceramic spheres. Carbon 2008; 46(8): 1152-8.
35. Harutyunyan AR, Kuznetsov OA, Brooks CJ, Mora E, Chen G. Thermodynamics behind carbon nanotube growth via endothermic catalytic decomposition reaction. ACS Nano 2009; 3(2): 379-85.
36. Ducati C, Alexandrou I, Chhowalla M, Amaratunga GAJ, Robertson J. Temperature selective growth of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition. J Appl Phys 2002; 92(6): 3299-303.
37. Li H, He D, Li T, Genestoux M, Bai J. Chemical kinetics of catalytic chemical vapor deposition of an acetylene/xylene mixture for improved carbon nanotube production. Carbon 2010; 48(15): 4330-42.
38. Kong J, Soh HT, Cassell AM, Quate CF, Dai H. Synthesis of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes on patterned silicon wafers. Nature 1998; 395(6705): 878-81. (Pubitemid 28503424)
39. He D, Bai J. Acetylene-enhanced growth of carbon nanotubes on ceramic microparticles for multi-scale hybrid structures. Chem Vapor Depos 2011; 17(4-6): 98-106.
40. He D, Li H, Li W, Haghi-Ashtiani P, Lejay P, Bai J. Growth of carbon nanotubes in six orthogonal directions on spherical alumina microparticles. Carbon 2011; 49(7): 2273-86.
41. Li G, Chakrabarti S, Schulz M, Shanov V. The effect of substrate positions in chemical vapor deposition reactor on the growth of carbon nanotube arrays. Carbon 2010; 48(7): 2111-5.
42. Rodgers AS, Golden DM, Benson SW. Kinetics of the reaction of iodobenzene and hydrogen iodide. Heat of formation of the phenyl radical and its implications on the reactivity of benzene. J Am Chem Soc 1967; 89(18): 4578-83.
43. Benson SW, Shaw R. Kinetics and mechanism of hydrogenolyses. The addition of hydrogen atoms to propylene, toluene, and xylene. J Chem Phys 1967; 47(10): 4052-5.
44. Endo H, Kuwana K, Saito K, Qian D, Andrews R, Grulke EA. CFD prediction of carbon nanotube production rate in a CVD reactor. Chem Phys Lett 2004; 387(4-6): 307-11.
45. Kuwana K, Endo H, Saito K, Qian D, Andrews R, Grulke EA. Catalyst deactivation in CVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Carbon 2005; 43(2): 253-60.
46. Wasel W, Kuwana K, Saito K. Chemical and thermal structures of a xylene-based CVD reactor to synthesize carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 2006; 422(4-6): 470-4.
47. Kuwana K, Li T, Saito K. Gas-phase reactions during CVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes: insights via numerical experiments. Chem Eng Sci 2006; 61(20): 6718-26. (Pubitemid 44302122)
48. Dagaut P, Pengloan G, Ristori A. Oxidation, ignition and combustion of toluene: experimental and detailed chemical kinetic modeling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002; 4(10): 1846-54.
49. Gail S, Dagaut P. Experimental kinetic study of the oxidation of p-xylene in a JSR and comprehensive detailed chemical kinetic modeling. Combust Flame 2005; 141(3): 281-97.
50. Becker A, Huttinger KJ. Chemistry and kinetics of chemical vapor deposition of pyrocarbon. II: pyrocarbon deposition from ethylene, acetylene and 1,3-butadiene in the low temperature regime. Carbon 1998; 36(3): 177-99. (Pubitemid 128388801)
51. Back MH. Mechanism of the pyrolysis of acetylene. Can J Chem 1971; 49(13): 2199-204.
52. Kiefer JH, Vondrasek WA. The mechanism of the homogeneous pyrolysis of acetylene. Int J Chem Kinet 1990; 22(7): 747-86.
53. Norinaga K, Deutschmann O. Detailed kinetic modeling of gas-phase reactions in the chemical vapor deposition of carbon from light hydrocarbons. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007; 46(11): 3547-57. (Pubitemid 46883129)
54. Lewis KE, Smith GP. Bond dissociation energies in ferrocene. J Am Chem Soc 1984; 106(16): 4650-1.
55. Hirasawa T, Sung C-J, Yang Z, Joshi A, Wang H. Effect of ferrocene addition on sooting limits in laminar premixed ethylene-oxygen-argon flames. Combust Flame 2004; 139(4): 288-99. (Pubitemid 39592183)
56. Linteris GT, Rumminger MD, Babushok V, Tsang W. Flame inhibition by ferrocene and blends of inert and catalytic agents. Proc Combust Inst 2000; 28(2): 2965-72.
57. Kuwana K, Saito K. Modeling ferrocene reactions and iron nanoparticle formation: application to CVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Proc Combust Inst 2007; 31(2): 1857-64. (Pubitemid 47424204)
58. Lacroix R, Fournet R, Ziegler-Devin I, Marquaire PM. Kinetic modeling of surface reactions involved in CVI of pyrocarbon obtained by propane pyrolysis. Carbon 2010; 48(1): 132-44.
59. Eres G, Kinkhabwala AA, Cui H, Geohegan DB, Puretzky AA, Lowndes DH. Molecular beam-controlled nucleation and growth of vertically aligned single-wall carbon nanotube arrays. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109(35): 16684-94. (Pubitemid 41367410)
60. Dyagileva LM, Mar'in VP, Tsyganova EI, Razuvaev GA. Reactivity of the first transition row metallocenes in thermal decomposition reaction. J Organomet Chem 1979; 175(1): 63-72.
61. Papadopoulos C, Rakitin A, Li J, Vedeneev AS, Xu JM. Electronic transport in Y-junction carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85(16): 3476-9.
62. Bandaru PR, Daraio C, Jin S, Rao AM. Novel electrical switching behaviour and logic in carbon nanotube Yjunctions. Nat Mater 2005; 4(9): 663-6. (Pubitemid 43090728)
63. Rodríguez-Manzo JA, Banhart F, Terrones M, Terrones H, Grobert N, Ajayan PM, et al. Heterojunctions between metals and carbon nanotubes as ultimate nanocontacts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106(12): 4591-5.