Transgovernmental networks as catalysts for democratic change? eu functional cooperation with arab authoritarian regimes and socialization of involved state officials into democratic governance

Democratization

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 1001-1025

  Freyburg, Tina ^a  

^a University of Zurich and Center for Comparative and International Studies   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Democratic governance; Democratization; European neighbourhood policy; European union; Functional cooperation; Policy networks

Indexed keywords

EID: 84856700455     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: 1743890X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510347.2011.584737     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Al-Arkoubi, Khadija, and Willy McCourt. 'The Politics of HRM: Waiting for Godot in the Moroccan Civil Service'. International Journal of Human Resource Management 15, no. 6 (2004): 978-95.
2. Atkinson, Carol. 'Does Soft Power Matter? A Comparative Analysis of Student Exchange Programs 1980-2006'. Foreign Policy Analysis 6, no. 1 (2010): 1-22.
3. Baker, Randall, ed. Transitions from Authoritarianism. The Role of the Bureaucracy London: Praeger, 2002.
4. Beer, Doris. Ideen auf Reisen. Institutionentransfer in der Politikberatung für die Transformationsländer. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2006.
5. Beetham, David. 'The Contradictions of Democratization by Force: The Case of Iraq'. Democratization 16, no. 3 (2009): 443-54.
6. Berger, Morroe. Bureaucracy and Society in Modern Egypt: A Study of the Higher Civil Service. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957.
7. Beyers, Jan. 'Conceptual and Methodological Challenges in the Study of European Socialization'. Journal of European Public Policy 17, no. 6 (2010): 909-920.
8. Bicchi, Federica. 'The Impact of the ENP on EU-North Africa Relations: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly'. In The European Neighbourhood Policy in Perspective. Context, Implementation and Impact, ed. Richard G. Whitman and Stefan Wolff, 206-222. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
9. Bouckaert, Geert. 'Administrative Convergence in the EU: Some Conclusions for CEECs'. In East-West Co-operation in Public Sector Reform, ed. Frits van den Berg, György Jenei, and Lance T. Leloup, 59-68. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2002.
10. Bovens, Mark. 'New Forms of Accountability and EU-Governance'. Comparative European Politics 5, no. 1 (2007): 104-120.
11. Brinkerhoff, Derick W. 'Democratic Governance and Sectoral Policy Reform: Tracing Linkages and Exploring Synergies'. World Development 28, no. 4 (2000): 601-615.
12. Brumberg, Daniel. 'Democratization in the Arab World? The Trap of Liberalized Autocracy'. Journal of Democracy 13, no. 4 (2002): 56-68.
13. Burnell, Peter, and Oliver Schlumberger. 'Promoting Democracy - Promoting Autocracy? International Politics and National Political Regimes'. Contemporary Politics 16, no. 1 (2010): 1-15.
14. Campbell, Donald T., and Julian C. Stanley. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1966.
15. Campbell, Patricia J. 'Morocco in Transition: Overcoming the Democratic and Human Rights Legacy of King Hassan II'. African Studies Quarterly 7, no. 1 (2003), http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v7/v7i1a4.htm (last accessed June 3, 2011)
16. Checkel, Jeffrey T. '"Going Native" in Europe? Theorizing Social Interaction in European Institutions'. Comparative Political Studies 36, nos. 1/2 (2003): 209-231.
17. Checkel, Jeffrey T. 'International Institutions and Socialization in Europe: Introduction and Framework'. International Organization 59, no. 4 (2005): 801-826.
18. Cooper, Chris, and Mikael Johansen. An Evaluation of Completed Twinning Projects. A Report Presented to the National Contact Points' Meeting, January 30-31, 2003 (Brussels, 2003). http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/financial_assistance/phare/phare_ex_post_twining_en.pdf.& last (accessed June 3, 2011).
19. Dahl, Robert A. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.
20. Desrues, Thierry and Eduardo Moyano. 'Social Change and Political Transition in Morocco'. Mediterranean Politics 6, no. 1 (2001): 21-47.
21. Diamond, Larry, Marc F. Plattner, and Andreas Schedler. 'Introduction'. In The Self-Restraining State. Power and Accountability in New Democracies, eds. Andreas Schedler, Larry Diamond, and Marc F. Plattner, 1-10. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999.
22. Eagly, Alice H., and Shelly Chaiken. The Psychology of Attitude Change. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Janovich, 1992.
23. European Commission. PHARE Ex-Post Evaluation of Country Support Implemented from 1997-98 to 2000-1, Consolidated Background Report (Brussels, 2003).
24. European Commission. Second Generation Twinning - Preliminary Findings. Interim Evaluation of Phare Support Allocated in 1999-2002 and Implemented until November 2003, Thematic Evaluation Report (Brussels, 2004).
25. European Commission. 'EU/Morocco Action Plan', Annex to Proposal for a Decision on the position to be adopted by the European Community and its Member States [...] on the implementation of the EU-Morocco Action Plan, COM(2004) 788 final (Brussels. 2004).
26. European Court of Auditors. 'Special Report n8 6/2003 Concerning Twinning as a Main Instrument to Support Institution-building in Candidate Countries, Together with the Commission's Replies', Official Journal C167 (2003): 21-45.
27. Freyburg, Tina. 'Demokratisierung durch Zusammenarbeit? Funktionale Kooperation mit autorita&ren Regimen und Sozialisation in demokratischem Regieren'. Zeitschrift fär Internationale Beziehungen 18, no. 1 (2011): 546.
28. Freyburg, Tina, Sandra Lavenex, Frank Schimmelfennig, Tatiana Skripka, and Anne Wetzel. 'Democracy Promotion Through Functional Cooperation? The Case of the European Neighbourhood Policy'. Democratization 18, no. 4 (2011): 1026-1054.
29. Freyburg, Tina, Sandra Lavenex, Frank Schimmelfennig, Tatiana Skripka, and Anne Wetzel. 'EU Promotion of Democratic Governance in the Neighbourhood'. Journal of European Public Policy 16, no. 6 (2009): 916-34.
30. Freyburg, Tina, Tatiana Skripka, and Anne Wetzel. 'Democracy between the Lines? EU Promotion of Democratic Governance via Sector-Specific Co-operation'. NCCR Democracy Working Paper No. 5 (2007), Zurich.
31. Göbel, Christian and Daniel Lambach 'Accounting for the (In-)Stability of Authoritarian Regimes: Evidence from East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa'. Paper presented at the APSA Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada, September 2-6, 2009.
32. Grant, Ruth W., and Robert O. Keohane. 'Accountability and Abuses of Power in World Politics'. American Political Science Review 99, no. 1 (2005): 29-43.
33. Halaby, Charles N. 'Panel Models in Sociological Research: Theory into Practice'. Annual eview of Sociology 30, no. 1 (2004): 507-544.
34. Hegasy, Sonja. 'Young Authority: Quantitative and Qualitative Insights into Youth, Youth Culture, and State Power in Contemporary Morocco'. The Journal of North African Studies 12, no. 1 (2007): 19-36.
35. Héritier, Adrienne. 'Composite Democracy in Europe: The Role of Transparency and Access to Information'. Journal of European Public Policy 10, no. 5 (2003): 814-833.
36. Hooghe, Liesbet. 'Several Roads Lead to International Norms, but Few via International Socialization: A Case Study of the European Commission'. International Organization 59, no. 4 (2005): 861-898.
37. Hyden, Goran, Julius Court, and Kenneth Mease. Making Sense of Governance: Empirical Evidence from Sixteen Developing Countries. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2004.
38. John, Oliver P., and Veronica Benet-Martinez. 'Measurement: Reliability, Construct Validation, and Scale Construction'. In Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology, ed. Harry T. Reis, and Charles M. Jud, 339-369. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
39. Johnston, Alaistair Iain. 'Treating International Institutions as Social Environments'. International Studies Quarterly 45, no. 4 (2001): 487-515.
40. Jreisat, Jamil E. 'The Arab World. Reform or Stalemate'. Journal of Asian and African Studies 41, nos. 5/6 (2006): 411-37.
41. Kelley, Judith. 'NewWine in OldWineskins: Promoting Political Reforms through the New European Neighbourhood Policy'. Journal of Common Market Studies 44, no. 1 (2006): 29-55.
42. Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye. 'Transgovernmental Relations and International Organizations'. World Politics 27, no. 1 (1974): 39-62.
43. Kern, Holger Lutz, and Jens Hainmueller. 'Opium for the Masses: How Foreign Media Can Stabilize Authoritarian Regimes'. Political Analysis 17 (2009): 377-399.
44. Kerr, Henry H. 'Changing Attitudes through International Participation: European Parliamentarians and Integration'. International Organization 27, no. 1 (1973): 45-83.
45. Kopstein, Jeffrey. 'The Transatlantic Divide over Democracy Promotion'. The Washington Quarterly 29, no. 2 (2006): 85-98.
46. Lavenex, Sandra. 'A Governance Perspective on the European Neighbourhood Policy: Integration Beyond Conditionality?'. Journal of European Public Policy 15, no. 6 (2008): 938-955.
47. Lavenex, Sandra, and Frank Schimmelfennig. 'Models of EU Democracy Promotion: Leverage, Linkage, and Governance'. Democratization, this issue.
48. Lipset, Seymour Martin. Political Man. The Social Bases of Politics. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1981.
49. Marsden, Peter V. 'Network Data and Measurement'. Annual Review of Sociology 16 (1990): 435-463.
50. Merkel, Wolfgang. Systemtransformation. Eine Einführung in die Theorie und Empirie der Transformationsforschung. Opladen: Leske+Budrich, 1999.
51. Merkel, Wolfgang. 'Democracy through War?'. Democratization 15, no. 3 (2008): 487-508.
52. Mohamedou, Mohammad-Mahmoud. 'The Rise and Fall of Democratization in the Maghreb'. In Middle East and North Africa: Governance, Democratization, Human Rights, ed. Paul J. Magnarella, 209-39. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.
53. Nye, Joseph S. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs, 2004.
54. O'Donnell, Guillermo, and Philippe Schmitter, ed. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.
55. Olson, James M., and Mark P. Zanna. 'Attitudes and Attitude Change'. Annual Review of Psychology 44 (1993): 117-154.
56. Page, Edward C. Political Authority and Bureaucratic Power. A Comparative Analysis. Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books, 1985.
57. Papadimitriou, Dimitris, and David Phinnemore. 'Exporting Europeanization to the Wider Europe: The Twinning Exercise and Administrative Reform in the Candidate Countries and Beyond'. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 3, no. 2 (2003): 1-22.
58. Pawelka, Peter. 'Der Staat im Vorderen Orient: Über die Demokratie-Resistenz in einer Globalisierten Welt'. Leviathan 30, no. 4 (2002): 432-454.
59. Pérez-Armendáriz, Clarisa, and David Crow. 'Do Migrants Remit Democracy? International Migration, Political Beliefs, and Behavior in Mexico'. Comparative Political Studies 43, no. 1 (2010): 119-148.
60. st Century. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Ass, 2003.
61. Pollack, Mark A. 'Constructivism, Social Psychology, and Elite Attitude Change. Lessons from an Exhausted Research Program'. Paper presented at the biennial conference of Europeanists, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, February 26-March 1, 1998.
62. Potter, William C. 'Issue Area and Foreign Policy Analysis'. International Organization 34, no. 3 (1980): 405-427.
63. Raykov, Tenko. 'Reliability if Deleted, not "Alpha if Deleted": Evaluation of Scale Reliability ollowing Component Deletion'. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 60 (2007): 201-216.
64. Risse, Thomas. 'Neofunctionalism, European Identity, and the Puzzles of European Integration'. Journal of European Public Policy 12, no. 2 (2005): 291-309.
65. Schedler, Andreas. 'Conceptualizing Accountability'. In The Self-Restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies, ed. Andreas Schedler, Larry Diamond, and Marc F. Plattner, 13-28. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999.
66. Sijtsma, Klaas. 'On the Use, the Misuse, and the Very Limited Usefulness of Cronbach's Alpha'. Psychometrika 74, no. 1 (2009): 107-20.
67. Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 'Government Networks: The Heart of the Liberal Democratic Order'. In Democratic Governance and International Law, ed. Gregory H. Fox, and Brad R. Roth, 199-235. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
68. Slaughter, Anne-Marie. A New World Order. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004.
69. Tulmets, Elsa. 'The Introduction of the Open Method of Coordination in the European Enlargement Policy: Analysing the Impact of the New PHARE/Twinning Instrument'. European Political Economy Review 3, no. 1 (2005): 54-90.
70. Van Waarden, Frans. 'Dimensions and Types of Policy Networks'. European Journal of Political Research 21 (1992): 29-52.
71. Verba, Sidney. 'Democratic Participation'. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 373, no. 2 (1967): 53-78.
72. Verplanken, Bas, Godelieve Hofstee, and Heidi J.W. Janssen. 'Accessibility of Affective versus Cognitive Components of Attitude'. European Journal of Social Psychology 28 (1998): 23-35.
73. Waever, Ole. 'Securitization and Desecuritization'. In On Security, ed. Ronnie D. Lipschutz, 46-86. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995.
74. Weber, Max. Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. 5th ed. Tu&bingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1972.
75. Wejnert, Barbara. 'Diffusion, Development, and Democracy 1800-1999'. American Sociological Review 70, no. 1 (2005): 53-81.
76. Whitehead, Laurence. 'Three International Dimensions of Democratization'. In The International Dimensions of Democratization: Europe and the Americas, ed. Laurence Whitehead, 3-25. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
77. Youngs, Richard. 'European Union Democracy Promotion Policies: Ten Years On'. European Foreign Affairs Review 6 (2001): 355-373.
78. Youngs, Richard. 'Democracy Promotion as External Governance?'. Journal of European Public Policy 16, no. 6 (2009): 895-915.
79. Zerhouni, Saloua. 'Morocco: Reconciling Continuity and Change'. In Arab Elites. Negotiating the Politics of Change, ed. Volker Perthes, 61-85. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publ., 2004.
80. Zimbardo, Philip G., and Michael R. Leippe. The Psychology of Attitude Change and Social Influence. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.
81. Zürn, Michael, and Jeffrey T. Checkel. 'Getting Socialized to Build Bridges: Constructivism and Rationalism, Europe and the Nation-State'. International Organization 59, no. 4 (2005): 1045-1079.