Late presentation for HIV diagnosis and care in Germany

HIV Medicine

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 172-181

  Zoufaly, A ^a   An Der Heiden, M ^b   Marcus, U ^b   Hoffmann, C ^c   Stellbrink, H J ^c   Voss, L ^b   Van Lunzen, J ^a   Hamouda, O ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^b ROBERT KOCH INSTITUTE   (Germany)

^c Infektionsmedizinisches Centrum Hamburg   (Germany)

Author keywords

Germany; HIV care; Late HIV diagnosis; Late presentation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COHORT ANALYSIS; DATA BASE; FEMALE; GERMANY; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH SURVEY; HETEROSEXUALITY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PREVALENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MALE HOMOSEXUAL; MIGRATION; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COHORT STUDIES; DELAYED DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; GERMANY; HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS; HIV SEROPOSITIVITY; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84856586067     PISSN: 14642662     EISSN: 14681293     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00958.x     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Mocroft A, Vella S, Benfield TL etal. Changing patterns of mortality across Europe in patients infected with HIV-1. EuroSIDA Study Group. Lancet 1998; 352: 1725-1730.
2. Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC etal. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 853-860.
3. Battegay M, Fluckiger U, Hirschel B, Furrer H. Late presentation of HIV-infected individuals. Antivir Ther 2007; 12: 841-851.
4. Wolbers M, Bucher HC, Furrer H etal. Delayed diagnosis of HIV infection and late initiation of antiretroviral therapy in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. HIV Med 2008; 9: 397-405.
5. Kitahata MM, Gange SJ, Abraham AG etal. Effect of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy for HIV on survival. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 1815-1826.
6. Sterne JA, May M, Costagliola D etal. Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-free HIV-1-infected patients: a collaborative analysis of 18 HIV cohort studies. Lancet 2009; 373: 1352-1363.
7. Clumeck N, Pozniak A, Raffi F. European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) guidelines for the clinical management and treatment of HIV-infected adults. HIV Med 2008; 9: 65-71.
8. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. 2009 December 1, 2009; 1-161. Available at (accessed 14 July 2011).
9. Borghi V, Girardi E, Bellelli S etal. Late presenters in an HIV surveillance system in Italy during the period 1992-2006. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008; 49: 282-286.
10. Carnicer-Pont D, de Olalla PG, Cayla JA. HIV infection late detection in AIDS patients of an European city with increased immigration since mid 1990s. Curr HIV Res 2009; 7: 237-243.
11. Delpierre C, Lauwers-Cances V, Pugliese P etal. Characteristics trends, mortality and morbidity in persons newly diagnosed HIV positive during the last decade: the profile of new HIV diagnosed people. Eur J Public Health 2008; 18: 345-347.
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Late HIV testing - 34 states, 1996-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009; 58: 661-665.
13. Egger M, May M, Chene G etal. Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360: 119-129.
14. Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration. Importance of baseline prognostic factors with increasing time since initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy: collaborative analysis of cohorts of HIV-1-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 46: 607-615.
15. Smith RD, Delpech VC, Brown AE, Rice BD. HIV transmission and high rates of late diagnoses among adults aged 50 years and over. AIDS 2010; 24: 2109-2115.
16. Antinori A, Coenen T, Costagiola D etal. Late presentation of HIV infection: a consensus definition. HIV Med 2011; 12: 61-64.
17. Bätzing-Feigenbaum JKC, Kühne A, Hamouda O. Cohort Profile: the German ClinSurv HIV project - a multicentre open clinical cohort as supplement of national HIV surveillance. HIV Med 2011; 12: 269-278.
18. Rubin DB. Multiple Imputation for Non Response in Surveys. New York, Wiley, 1987.
19. Schafer JL. Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data. Boca Raton, FL, Chapman and Hall/CRC, 1997.
20. Health Protection Agency: HIV In The United Kingdom: 2010 Report. Health Prot Report. Vol 4 Number 47. Available at (accessed 14 July 2011).
21. Adler A, Mounier-Jack S, Coker RJ. Late diagnosis of HIV in Europe: definitional and public health challenges. AIDS Care 2009; 21: 284-293.
22. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). 10. Report on the global AIDS epidemic 2008. UNAIDS. 2008; Annex I.
23. Girardi E, Aloisi MS, Arici C etal. Delayed presentation and late testing for HIV: demographic and behavioral risk factors in a multicenter study in Italy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004; 36: 951-959.
24. Boyd AE, Murad S, O'Shea S, de Ruiter A, Watson C, Easterbrook PJ. Ethnic differences in stage of presentation of adults newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in south London. HIV Med 2005; 6: 59-65.
25. Chadborn TR, Baster K, Delpech VC etal. No time to wait: how many HIV-infected homosexual men are diagnosed late and consequently die? (England and Wales, 1993-2002). AIDS 2005; 19: 513-520.
26. Longo B, Pezzotti P, Boros S, Urciuoli R, Rezza G. Increasing proportion of late testers among AIDS cases in Italy, 1996-2002. AIDS Care 2005; 17: 834-841.