메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 222-230

FMRI fingerprint of unconditioned fear-like behavior in rats exposed to trimethylthiazoline

Author keywords

Anxiety; Fear; Imaging; Neuronal network; Predator odor; TMT

Indexed keywords

TRIMETHYLTHIAZOLINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VOLATILE AGENT;

EID: 84856551276     PISSN: 0924977X     EISSN: 18737862     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.07.011     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 67649643795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonergic mechanisms of the median raphe nucleus-dorsal hippocampus in conditioned fear: output circuit involves the prefrontal cortex and amygdala
    • Almada R.C., Borelli K.G., Albrechet-Souza L., Brandao M.L. Serotonergic mechanisms of the median raphe nucleus-dorsal hippocampus in conditioned fear: output circuit involves the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Behav. Brain Res. 2009, 203:279-287.
    • (2009) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.203 , pp. 279-287
    • Almada, R.C.1    Borelli, K.G.2    Albrechet-Souza, L.3    Brandao, M.L.4
  • 2
    • 0029952944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced transit-time sensitivity in noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of human cerebral blood flow
    • Alsop D.C., Detre J.A. Reduced transit-time sensitivity in noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of human cerebral blood flow. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 1996, 16:1236-1249.
    • (1996) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.16 , pp. 1236-1249
    • Alsop, D.C.1    Detre, J.A.2
  • 4
    • 0033406776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of feeding-induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission by appetitive stimuli and its relation to motivational state
    • Bassareo V., Di Chiara G. Modulation of feeding-induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission by appetitive stimuli and its relation to motivational state. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1999, 11:4389-4397.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 4389-4397
    • Bassareo, V.1    Di Chiara, G.2
  • 5
    • 37749054517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward an integrative perspective on hippocampal function: from the rapid encoding of experience to adaptive behavior
    • Bast T. Toward an integrative perspective on hippocampal function: from the rapid encoding of experience to adaptive behavior. Rev. Neurosci. 2007, 18:253-281.
    • (2007) Rev. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 253-281
    • Bast, T.1
  • 6
    • 11844283307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety and panic: from human studies to animal research and back
    • Battaglia M., Ogliari A. Anxiety and panic: from human studies to animal research and back. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005, 29:169-179.
    • (2005) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.29 , pp. 169-179
    • Battaglia, M.1    Ogliari, A.2
  • 7
    • 26844519223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesions of structures showing FOS expression to cat presentation: effects on responsivity to a Cat, Cat odor, and nonpredator threat
    • Blanchard D.C., Canteras N.S., Markham C.M., Pentkowski N.S., Blanchard R.J. Lesions of structures showing FOS expression to cat presentation: effects on responsivity to a Cat, Cat odor, and nonpredator threat. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005, 29:1243-1253.
    • (2005) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.29 , pp. 1243-1253
    • Blanchard, D.C.1    Canteras, N.S.2    Markham, C.M.3    Pentkowski, N.S.4    Blanchard, R.J.5
  • 8
    • 0037100295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RCBF differences between panic disorder patients and control subjects during anticipatory anxiety and rest
    • Boshuisen M.L., Ter Horst G.J., Paans A.M., Reinders A.A., den Boer J.A. rCBF differences between panic disorder patients and control subjects during anticipatory anxiety and rest. Biol. Psychiatry 2002, 52:126-135.
    • (2002) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 126-135
    • Boshuisen, M.L.1    Ter Horst, G.J.2    Paans, A.M.3    Reinders, A.A.4    den Boer, J.A.5
  • 10
    • 38749119449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different patterns of freezing behavior organized in the periaqueductal gray of rats: association with different types of anxiety
    • Brandao M.L., Zanoveli J.M., Ruiz-Martinez R.C., Oliveira L.C., Landeira-Fernandez J. Different patterns of freezing behavior organized in the periaqueductal gray of rats: association with different types of anxiety. Behav. Brain Res. 2008, 188:1-13.
    • (2008) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.188 , pp. 1-13
    • Brandao, M.L.1    Zanoveli, J.M.2    Ruiz-Martinez, R.C.3    Oliveira, L.C.4    Landeira-Fernandez, J.5
  • 11
    • 20344394087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of dopamine in reward and pleasure behaviour - review of data from preclinical research
    • Bressan R.A., Crippa J.A. The role of dopamine in reward and pleasure behaviour - review of data from preclinical research. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. 2005, 14-21.
    • (2005) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. , pp. 14-21
    • Bressan, R.A.1    Crippa, J.A.2
  • 12
    • 67049165145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of cerebral blood perfusion imaging as a modality for quantitative pharmacological MRI in rats
    • Bruns A., Künnecke B., Risterucci C., Moreau J.L., von Kienlin M. Validation of cerebral blood perfusion imaging as a modality for quantitative pharmacological MRI in rats. Magn. Reson. Med. 2009, 61:1451-1458.
    • (2009) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.61 , pp. 1451-1458
    • Bruns, A.1    Künnecke, B.2    Risterucci, C.3    Moreau, J.L.4    von Kienlin, M.5
  • 13
    • 0036114221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion and motivation: the role of the amygdala, ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex
    • Cardinal R.N., Parkinson J.A., Hall J., Everitt B.J. Emotion and motivation: the role of the amygdala, ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2002, 26:321-352.
    • (2002) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.26 , pp. 321-352
    • Cardinal, R.N.1    Parkinson, J.A.2    Hall, J.3    Everitt, B.J.4
  • 14
    • 34447566222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging unconditioned fear response with manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI)
    • Chen W., Tenney J., Kulkarni P., King J.A. Imaging unconditioned fear response with manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI). NeuroImage 2007, 37:221-229.
    • (2007) NeuroImage , vol.37 , pp. 221-229
    • Chen, W.1    Tenney, J.2    Kulkarni, P.3    King, J.A.4
  • 15
    • 5344236019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pattern of brain c-fos mRNA induced by a component of fox odor, 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT), in rats, suggests both systemic and processive stress characteristics
    • Day H.E., Masini C.V., Campeau S. The pattern of brain c-fos mRNA induced by a component of fox odor, 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT), in rats, suggests both systemic and processive stress characteristics. Brain Res. 2004, 1025:139-151.
    • (2004) Brain Res. , vol.1025 , pp. 139-151
    • Day, H.E.1    Masini, C.V.2    Campeau, S.3
  • 16
    • 0032079799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct regions of the periaqueductal gray are involved in the acquisition and expression of defensive responses
    • De Oca B.M., DeCola J.P., Maren S., Fanselow M.S. Distinct regions of the periaqueductal gray are involved in the acquisition and expression of defensive responses. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:3426-3432.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 3426-3432
    • De Oca, B.M.1    DeCola, J.P.2    Maren, S.3    Fanselow, M.S.4
  • 17
    • 0032587954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast T1 mapping on a whole-body scanner
    • Deichmann R., Hahn D., Haase A. Fast T1 mapping on a whole-body scanner. Magn. Reson. Med. 1999, 42:206-209.
    • (1999) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.42 , pp. 206-209
    • Deichmann, R.1    Hahn, D.2    Haase, A.3
  • 18
    • 67651070992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aversion- vs. fear-inducing properties of 2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thiazoline, a component of fox odor, in comparison with those of butyric acid
    • Endres T., Fendt M. Aversion- vs. fear-inducing properties of 2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thiazoline, a component of fox odor, in comparison with those of butyric acid. J. Exp. Biol. 2009, 212:2324-2327.
    • (2009) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.212 , pp. 2324-2327
    • Endres, T.1    Fendt, M.2
  • 19
    • 50849127124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2,3,5-Trimethyl-3-thiazoline (TMT), a component of fox odor - just repugnant or really fear-inducing?
    • Fendt M., Endres T. 2,3,5-Trimethyl-3-thiazoline (TMT), a component of fox odor - just repugnant or really fear-inducing?. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2008, 32:1259-1266.
    • (2008) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.32 , pp. 1259-1266
    • Fendt, M.1    Endres, T.2
  • 20
  • 21
    • 0032563321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain correlates of an unexpected panic attack: a human positron emission tomographic study
    • Fischer H., Andersson J.L., Furmark T., Fredrikson M. Brain correlates of an unexpected panic attack: a human positron emission tomographic study. Neurosci. Lett. 1998, 251:137-140.
    • (1998) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.251 , pp. 137-140
    • Fischer, H.1    Andersson, J.L.2    Furmark, T.3    Fredrikson, M.4
  • 22
    • 0342963103 scopus 로고
    • Focal physiological uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism during somatosensory stimulation in human subjects
    • Fox P.T., Raichle M.E. Focal physiological uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism during somatosensory stimulation in human subjects. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. U. S. A. 1986, 83:1140-1144.
    • (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. U. S. A. , vol.83 , pp. 1140-1144
    • Fox, P.T.1    Raichle, M.E.2
  • 24
    • 0142070826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of mice to a predator odor increases acoustic startle but does not disrupt the rewarding properties of VTA intracranial self-stimulation
    • Hebb A.L., Zacharko R.M., Gauthier M., Drolet G. Exposure of mice to a predator odor increases acoustic startle but does not disrupt the rewarding properties of VTA intracranial self-stimulation. Brain Res. 2003, 982:195-210.
    • (2003) Brain Res. , vol.982 , pp. 195-210
    • Hebb, A.L.1    Zacharko, R.M.2    Gauthier, M.3    Drolet, G.4
  • 25
    • 8144220169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief exposure to predator odor and resultant anxiety enhances mesocorticolimbic activity and enkephalin expression in CD-1 mice
    • Hebb A.L., Zacharko R.M., Gauthier M., Trudel F., Laforest S., Drolet G. Brief exposure to predator odor and resultant anxiety enhances mesocorticolimbic activity and enkephalin expression in CD-1 mice. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2004, 20:2415-2429.
    • (2004) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 2415-2429
    • Hebb, A.L.1    Zacharko, R.M.2    Gauthier, M.3    Trudel, F.4    Laforest, S.5    Drolet, G.6
  • 26
    • 0030463572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal circuit regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical stress axis
    • Herman J.P., Prewitt C.M., Cullinan W.E. Neuronal circuit regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical stress axis. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 1996, 10:371-394.
    • (1996) Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. , vol.10 , pp. 371-394
    • Herman, J.P.1    Prewitt, C.M.2    Cullinan, W.E.3
  • 27
    • 0030899019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A synthetic predator odor (TMT) enhances conditional analgesia and fear when paired with a benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist (FG-7142)
    • Hotsenpiller G., Williams J.L. A synthetic predator odor (TMT) enhances conditional analgesia and fear when paired with a benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist (FG-7142). Psychobiology 1997, 25:83-88.
    • (1997) Psychobiology , vol.25 , pp. 83-88
    • Hotsenpiller, G.1    Williams, J.L.2
  • 28
    • 0037468113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Odor-evoked activity is spatially distributed in piriform cortex
    • Illig K.R., Haberly L.B. Odor-evoked activity is spatially distributed in piriform cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 2003, 457:361-373.
    • (2003) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.457 , pp. 361-373
    • Illig, K.R.1    Haberly, L.B.2
  • 29
    • 0033120527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomic correlates of CCK-4-induced panic attacks in healthy humans: a comparison of two time points
    • Javanmard M., Shlik J., Kennedy S.H., Vaccarino F.J., Houle S., Bradwejn J. Neuroanatomic correlates of CCK-4-induced panic attacks in healthy humans: a comparison of two time points. Biol. Psychiatry 1999, 45:872-882.
    • (1999) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 872-882
    • Javanmard, M.1    Shlik, J.2    Kennedy, S.H.3    Vaccarino, F.J.4    Houle, S.5    Bradwejn, J.6
  • 31
    • 0036197647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The etiology of phobias: an evaluation of the stress-diathesis model
    • Kendler K.S., Myers J., Prescott C.A. The etiology of phobias: an evaluation of the stress-diathesis model. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2002, 59:242-248.
    • (2002) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 242-248
    • Kendler, K.S.1    Myers, J.2    Prescott, C.A.3
  • 32
    • 34848829838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional neuroanatomy of the parahippocampal region: the lateral and medial entorhinal areas
    • Kerr K.M., Agster K.L., Furtak S.C., Burwell R.D. Functional neuroanatomy of the parahippocampal region: the lateral and medial entorhinal areas. Hippocampus 2007, 17:697-708.
    • (2007) Hippocampus , vol.17 , pp. 697-708
    • Kerr, K.M.1    Agster, K.L.2    Furtak, S.C.3    Burwell, R.D.4
  • 34
    • 0034076609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion circuits in the brain
    • LeDoux J.E. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2000, 23:155-184.
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 155-184
    • LeDoux, J.E.1
  • 35
    • 0025409965 scopus 로고
    • Topographic organization of neurons in the acoustic thalamus that project to the amygdala
    • LeDoux J.E., Farb C., Ruggiero D.A. Topographic organization of neurons in the acoustic thalamus that project to the amygdala. J. Neurosci. 1990, 10:1043-1054.
    • (1990) J. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 1043-1054
    • LeDoux, J.E.1    Farb, C.2    Ruggiero, D.A.3
  • 36
    • 0033545164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct synaptic connections of axons from superior colliculus with identified thalamo-amygdaloid projection neurons in the rat: possible substrates of a subcortical visual pathway to the amygdala
    • Linke R., De Lima A.D., Schwegler H., Pape H.C. Direct synaptic connections of axons from superior colliculus with identified thalamo-amygdaloid projection neurons in the rat: possible substrates of a subcortical visual pathway to the amygdala. J. Comp. Neurol. 1999, 403:158-170.
    • (1999) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.403 , pp. 158-170
    • Linke, R.1    De Lima, A.D.2    Schwegler, H.3    Pape, H.C.4
  • 37
    • 3042590043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-dimensional neuropsychology of defense: fear/anxiety and defensive distance
    • McNaughton N., Corr P.J. A two-dimensional neuropsychology of defense: fear/anxiety and defensive distance. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2004, 28:285-305.
    • (2004) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.28 , pp. 285-305
    • McNaughton, N.1    Corr, P.J.2
  • 38
    • 0038300732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The defense system of fear: behavior and neurocircuitry
    • Misslin R. The defense system of fear: behavior and neurocircuitry. Neurophysiol. Clin. 2003, 33:55-66.
    • (2003) Neurophysiol. Clin. , vol.33 , pp. 55-66
    • Misslin, R.1
  • 40
    • 30344436354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporary inactivation of the medial and basolateral amygdala differentially affects TMT-induced fear behavior in rats
    • Muller M., Fendt M. Temporary inactivation of the medial and basolateral amygdala differentially affects TMT-induced fear behavior in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 2006, 167:57-62.
    • (2006) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.167 , pp. 57-62
    • Muller, M.1    Fendt, M.2
  • 41
    • 49049116291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marked dissociation between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation and long-term behavioral effects in rats exposed to immobilization or cat odor
    • Munoz-Abellan C., Andero R., Nadal R., Armario A. Marked dissociation between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation and long-term behavioral effects in rats exposed to immobilization or cat odor. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008, 33:1139-1150.
    • (2008) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.33 , pp. 1139-1150
    • Munoz-Abellan, C.1    Andero, R.2    Nadal, R.3    Armario, A.4
  • 46
    • 21644482243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study paradigm allowing comparison of multiple high-resolution rCBV-maps for the examination of drug effects
    • Rausch M., Gentsch C., Enz A., Baumann D., Rudin M. A study paradigm allowing comparison of multiple high-resolution rCBV-maps for the examination of drug effects. NMR Biomed. 2005, 18:260-268.
    • (2005) NMR Biomed. , vol.18 , pp. 260-268
    • Rausch, M.1    Gentsch, C.2    Enz, A.3    Baumann, D.4    Rudin, M.5
  • 49
    • 33646227453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid enhancement of memory requires arousal-induced noradrenergic activation in the basolateral amygdala
    • Roozendaal B., Okuda S., Van der Zee E.A., McGaugh J.L. Glucocorticoid enhancement of memory requires arousal-induced noradrenergic activation in the basolateral amygdala. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. U. S. A. 2006, 103:6741-6746.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. U. S. A. , vol.103 , pp. 6741-6746
    • Roozendaal, B.1    Okuda, S.2    Van der Zee, E.A.3    McGaugh, J.L.4
  • 50
    • 33744482835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not all rat strains are equal: differential unconditioned fear responses to the synthetic fox odor 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline in three outbred rat strains
    • Rosen J.B., West E.A., Donley M.P. Not all rat strains are equal: differential unconditioned fear responses to the synthetic fox odor 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline in three outbred rat strains. Behav. Neurosci. 2006, 120:290-297.
    • (2006) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.120 , pp. 290-297
    • Rosen, J.B.1    West, E.A.2    Donley, M.P.3
  • 51
    • 48249153186 scopus 로고
    • Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability
    • Shrout P.E., Fleiss J.L. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol. Bull. 1979, 86:420-428.
    • (1979) Psychol. Bull. , vol.86 , pp. 420-428
    • Shrout, P.E.1    Fleiss, J.L.2
  • 52
    • 0036020892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A direct approach to false discovery rates
    • Storey J.D. A direct approach to false discovery rates. J. R. Stat. Soc. B 2002, 64:479-498.
    • (2002) J. R. Stat. Soc. B , vol.64 , pp. 479-498
    • Storey, J.D.1
  • 54
    • 0033573532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a functional relationship between the nucleus accumbens shell and lateral hypothalamus subserving the control of feeding behavior
    • Stratford T.R., Kelley A.E. Evidence of a functional relationship between the nucleus accumbens shell and lateral hypothalamus subserving the control of feeding behavior. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:11040-11048.
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 11040-11048
    • Stratford, T.R.1    Kelley, A.E.2
  • 55
    • 26844510444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The smell of danger: a behavioral and neural analysis of predator odor-induced fear
    • Takahashi L.K., Nakashima B.R., Hong H., Watanabe K. The smell of danger: a behavioral and neural analysis of predator odor-induced fear. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005, 29:1157-1167.
    • (2005) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.29 , pp. 1157-1167
    • Takahashi, L.K.1    Nakashima, B.R.2    Hong, H.3    Watanabe, K.4
  • 56
    • 0001678809 scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity relationship of stress-inducing odorants in the rat
    • Vernet-Maury E., Polak E.H., Demael A. Structure-activity relationship of stress-inducing odorants in the rat. J. Chem. Ecol. 1984, 10:1007-1018.
    • (1984) J. Chem. Ecol. , vol.10 , pp. 1007-1018
    • Vernet-Maury, E.1    Polak, E.H.2    Demael, A.3
  • 57
    • 0035713695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dorsolateral and ventral regions of the periaqueductal gray matter are involved in distinct types of fear
    • Vianna D.M., Landeira-Fernandez J., Brandao M.L. Dorsolateral and ventral regions of the periaqueductal gray matter are involved in distinct types of fear. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2001, 25:711-719.
    • (2001) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.25 , pp. 711-719
    • Vianna, D.M.1    Landeira-Fernandez, J.2    Brandao, M.L.3
  • 58
    • 0033788618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator odor as an unconditioned fear stimulus in rats: elicitation of freezing by trimethylthiazoline, a component of fox feces
    • Wallace K.J., Rosen J.B. Predator odor as an unconditioned fear stimulus in rats: elicitation of freezing by trimethylthiazoline, a component of fox feces. Behav. Neurosci. 2000, 114:912-922.
    • (2000) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.114 , pp. 912-922
    • Wallace, K.J.1    Rosen, J.B.2
  • 61
    • 6344243471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic and intra-dorsal periaqueductal gray injections of cholecystokinin sulfated octapeptide (CCK-8s) induce a panic-like response in rats submitted to the elevated T-maze
    • Zanoveli J.M., Netto C.F., Guimaraes F.S., Zangrossi H. Systemic and intra-dorsal periaqueductal gray injections of cholecystokinin sulfated octapeptide (CCK-8s) induce a panic-like response in rats submitted to the elevated T-maze. Peptides 2004, 25:1935-1941.
    • (2004) Peptides , vol.25 , pp. 1935-1941
    • Zanoveli, J.M.1    Netto, C.F.2    Guimaraes, F.S.3    Zangrossi, H.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.