메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 125, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 539-549

Role of substrate and triggers in the genesis of cardiac alternans, from the myocyte to the whole heart: Implications for therapy

Author keywords

alternans (mechanism); arrhythmias; cardiac; cellular alternans; myocytes; ryanodine receptor; sarcoplasmic reticulum

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM;

EID: 84856428812     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: 15244539     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.033563     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (123)
  • 1
    • 0009758850 scopus 로고
    • Das Wesen des Herzalternans
    • Hering HE. Das Wesen des Herzalternans. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1908; 4:1417-1421.
    • (1908) Munch Med Wochenschr. , vol.4 , pp. 1417-1421
    • Hering, H.E.1
  • 5
    • 0005911582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How restitution, repolarization, and alternans form arrhythmogenic substrates: Insights from high-resolution optical mapping
    • Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders
    • Laurita KR, Pastore JM, Rosenbaum DS. How restitution, repolarization, and alternans form arrhythmogenic substrates: insights from high-resolution optical mapping. In: Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds. Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 1999:239-248.
    • (1999) Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. 2nd Ed , pp. 239-248
    • Laurita, K.R.1    Pastore, J.M.2    Rosenbaum, D.S.3
  • 6
    • 0343963165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional coupling between glycolysis and excitation-contraction coupling underlies alternans in cat heart cells
    • Hüser J, Wang YG, Sheehan KA, Cifuentes F, Lipsius SL, Blatter LA. Functional coupling between glycolysis and excitation-contraction coupling underlies alternans in cat heart cells. J Physiol (Lond). 2000; 524(pt 3):795-806. (Pubitemid 30303626)
    • (2000) Journal of Physiology , vol.524 , Issue.3 , pp. 795-806
    • Huser, J.1    Wang, Y.G.2    Sheehan, K.A.3    Cifuentes, F.4    Lipsius, S.L.5    Blatter, L.A.6
  • 7
    • 38149065092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of calcium transient and action potential alternans in cardiac cells and tissues
    • Clusin WT. Mechanisms of calcium transient and action potential alternans in cardiac cells and tissues. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294:H1-H10.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. , vol.294
    • Clusin, W.T.1
  • 8
    • 30344485732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-wave alternans and the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.066, PII S0735109705025040
    • Narayan SM. T-wave alternans and the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:269-281. (Pubitemid 43063242)
    • (2006) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 269-281
    • Narayan, S.M.1
  • 9
    • 33745000775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From pulsus to pulseless: The saga of cardiac alternans
    • DOI 10.1161/01.RES.0000224540.97431.f0, PII 0000301220060526000006
    • Weiss JN, Karma A, Shiferaw Y, Chen PS, Garfinkel A, Qu Z. From pulsus to pulseless: the saga of cardiac alternans. Circ Res. 2006;98: 1244-1253. (Pubitemid 43948079)
    • (2006) Circulation Research , vol.98 , Issue.10 , pp. 1244-1253
    • Weiss, J.N.1    Karma, A.2    Shiferaw, Y.3    Chen, P.-S.4    Garfinkel, A.5    Qu, Z.6
  • 10
    • 67651092278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death: Is there a clinical role for T wave alternans?
    • Cutler MJ, Rosenbaum DS. Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death: is there a clinical role for T wave alternans? Heart Rhythm. 2009; 6(suppl):S56-S61.
    • (2009) Heart Rhythm. , vol.6 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Cutler, M.J.1    Rosenbaum, D.S.2
  • 12
    • 2542501595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of electrical alternans by overexpression of HERG in canine ventricular myocytes
    • Hua F, Johns DC, Gilmour RF Jr. Suppression of electrical alternans by overexpression of HERG in canine ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004;286:H2342-H2351.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. , vol.286
    • Hua, F.1    Johns, D.C.2    Gilmour Jr., R.F.3
  • 14
    • 33646185379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action potential morphology influences intracellular calcium handling stability and the occurrence of alternans
    • Jordan PN, Christini DJ. Action potential morphology influences intracellular calcium handling stability and the occurrence of alternans. Biophys J. 2006;90:672-680.
    • (2006) Biophys J. , vol.90 , pp. 672-680
    • Jordan, P.N.1    Christini, D.J.2
  • 15
    • 0023280509 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial contractile function during ischemia and hypoxia
    • Allen DG, Orchard CH. Myocardial contractile function during ischemia and hypoxia. Circ Res. 1987;60:153-168. (Pubitemid 17078830)
    • (1987) Circulation Research , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-168
    • Allen, D.G.1    Orchard, C.H.2
  • 16
    • 63849172706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release in canine left-ventricular myocytes results in cellular alternans
    • Armoundas AA. Mechanism of abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release in canine left-ventricular myocytes results in cellular alternans. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2009;56:220-228.
    • (2009) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. , vol.56 , pp. 220-228
    • Armoundas, A.A.1
  • 17
    • 69549108618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discordant calcium transient and action potential alternans in a canine left-ventricular myocyte
    • Armoundas AA. Discordant calcium transient and action potential alternans in a canine left-ventricular myocyte. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2009;56:2340-2344.
    • (2009) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. , vol.56 , pp. 2340-2344
    • Armoundas, A.A.1
  • 18
    • 14844349561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action potential duration restitution and alternans in rabbit ventricular myocytes: The key role of intracellular calcium cycling
    • DOI 10.1161/01.RES.0000156891.66893.83
    • Goldhaber JI, Xie LH, Duong T, Motter C, Khuu K, Weiss JN. Action potential duration restitution and alternans in rabbit ventricular myocytes: the key role of intracellular calcium cycling. Circ Res. 2005;96: 459-466. (Pubitemid 40354540)
    • (2005) Circulation Research , vol.96 , Issue.4 , pp. 459-466
    • Goldhaber, J.I.1    Xie, L.-H.2    Duong, T.3    Motter, C.4    Khuu, K.5    Weiss, J.N.6
  • 19
    • 0037020006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressed ryanodine receptor activity increases variability and duration of the systolic Ca2+ transient in rat ventricular myocytes
    • Diaz ME, Eisner DA, O'Neill SC. Depressed ryanodine receptor activity increases variability and duration of the systolic Ca2+ transient in rat ventricular myocytes. Circ Res. 2002;91:585-593.
    • (2002) Circ Res. , vol.91 , pp. 585-593
    • Diaz, M.E.1    Eisner, D.A.2    O'Neill, S.C.3
  • 20
    • 0032763731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics and the stability of ventricular tachycardia
    • Chudin E, Goldhaber J, Garfinkel A, Weiss J, Kogan B. Intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics and the stability of ventricular tachycardia. Biophys J. 1999;77:2930-2941.
    • (1999) Biophys J. , vol.77 , pp. 2930-2941
    • Chudin, E.1    Goldhaber, J.2    Garfinkel, A.3    Weiss, J.4    Kogan, B.5
  • 21
    • 18944375264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ release by glycolysis in cat atrial myocytes
    • DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.078782
    • Kockskamper J, Zima AV, Blatter LA. Modulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release by glycolysis in cat atrial myocytes. J Physiol. 2005;564(pt 3):697-714. (Pubitemid 40704138)
    • (2005) Journal of Physiology , vol.564 , Issue.3 , pp. 697-714
    • Kockskamper, J.1    Zima, A.V.2    Blatter, L.A.3
  • 22
    • 0033574271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism linking T-wave alternans to the genesis of cardiac fibrillation
    • Pastore JM, Girouard SD, Laurita KR, Akar FG, Rosenbaum DS. Mechanism linking T-wave alternans to the genesis of cardiac fibrillation. Circulation. 1999;99:1385-1394. (Pubitemid 29129926)
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , Issue.10 , pp. 1385-1394
    • Pastore, J.M.1    Girouard, S.D.2    Laurita, K.R.3    Akar, F.G.4    Rosenbaum, D.S.5
  • 23
    • 0034623825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of structural barriers in the mechanism of alternans-induced reentry
    • Pastore JM, Rosenbaum DS. Role of structural barriers in the mechanism of alternans-induced reentry. Circ Res. 2000;87:1157-1163.
    • (2000) Circ Res. , vol.87 , pp. 1157-1163
    • Pastore, J.M.1    Rosenbaum, D.S.2
  • 25
    • 0026280409 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal Cai2+ handling is the primary cause of mechanical alternans: Study in ferret ventricular muscles
    • Kihara Y, Morgan JP. Abnormal Cai2+ handling is the primary cause of mechanical alternans: study in ferret ventricular muscles. Am J Physiol. 1991;261(pt 2):H1746-H1755.
    • (1991) Am J Physiol. , vol.261 , Issue.PART 2
    • Kihara, Y.1    Morgan, J.P.2
  • 26
    • 0025259586 scopus 로고
    • Changes in intracellular calcium during mechanical alternans in isolated ferret ventricular muscle
    • Lab MJ, Lee JA. Changes in intracellular calcium during mechanical alternans in isolated ferret ventricular muscle. Circ Res. 1990;66: 585-595. (Pubitemid 20086900)
    • (1990) Circulation Research , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 585-595
    • Lab, M.J.1    Lee, J.A.2
  • 28
    • 2442490535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Content Fluctuation Is the Key to Cardiac Alternans
    • DOI 10.1161/01.RES.0000119923.64774.72
    • Diaz ME, O'Neill SC, Eisner DA. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content fluctuation is the key to cardiac alternans. Circ Res. 2004;94: 650-656. (Pubitemid 38387748)
    • (2004) Circulation Research , vol.94 , Issue.5 , pp. 650-656
    • Diaz, M.E.1    O'Neill, S.C.2    Eisner, D.A.3
  • 29
    • 33749321546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac alternans do not rely on diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content fluctuations
    • DOI 10.1161/01.RES.0000244002.88813.91, PII 0000301220060929000011
    • Picht E, DeSantiago J, Blatter LA, Bers DM. Cardiac alternans do not rely on diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content fluctuations. Circ Res. 2006;99:740-748. (Pubitemid 44498307)
    • (2006) Circulation Research , vol.99 , Issue.7 , pp. 740-748
    • Picht, E.1    DeSantiago, J.2    Blatter, L.A.3    Bers, D.M.4
  • 32
    • 0029029280 scopus 로고
    • Fractional SR Ca release is regulated by trigger Ca and SR Ca content in cardiac myocytes
    • Bassani JW, Yuan W, Bers DM. Fractional SR Ca release is regulated by trigger Ca and SR Ca content in cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol. 1995;268(pt 1):C1313-C1319.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol. , vol.268 , Issue.PART 1
    • Bassani, J.W.1    Yuan, W.2    Bers, D.M.3
  • 33
    • 0342546511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ fluxes in rat ventricular myocytes
    • Trafford AW, Diaz ME, Sibbring GC, Eisner DA. Modulation of CICR has no maintained effect on systolic Ca2+: simultaneous measurements of sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemmal Ca2+ fluxes in rat ventricular myocytes. J Physiol. 2000;522(pt 2):259-270. (Pubitemid 30068504)
    • (2000) Journal of Physiology , vol.522 , Issue.2 , pp. 259-270
    • Trafford, A.W.1    Diaz, M.E.2    Sibbring, G.C.3    Eisner, D.A.4
  • 34
    • 69249189946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmogenic consequences of intracellular calcium waves
    • Xie LH, Weiss JN. Arrhythmogenic consequences of intracellular calcium waves. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009;297: H997-H1002.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. , vol.297
    • Xie, L.H.1    Weiss, J.N.2
  • 35
    • 0037155056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase A phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor does not affect calcium sparks in mouse ventricular myocytes
    • DOI 10.1161/hh0302.105660
    • Li Y, Kranias EG, Mignery GA, Bers DM. Protein kinase A phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor does not affect calcium sparks in mouse ventricular myocytes. Circ Res. 2002;90:309-316. (Pubitemid 34633933)
    • (2002) Circulation Research , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 309-316
    • Li, Y.1    Kranias, E.G.2    Mignery, G.A.3    Bers, D.M.4
  • 36
    • 0141448292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ sensing sites
    • Gyorke I, Gyorke S. Regulation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor channel by luminal Ca2+ involves luminal Ca2+ sensing sites. Biophys J. 1998;75:2801-2810. (Pubitemid 28548950)
    • (1998) Biophysical Journal , vol.75 , Issue.6 , pp. 2801-2810
    • Gyorke, I.1    Gyorke, S.2
  • 37
    • 0024410004 scopus 로고
    • Postulated role of calsequestrin in the regulation of calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
    • Ikemoto N, Ronjat M, Meszaros LG, Koshita M. Postulated role of calsequestrin in the regulation of calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Biochemistry. 1989;28:6764-6771. (Pubitemid 19208328)
    • (1989) Biochemistry , vol.28 , Issue.16 , pp. 6764-6771
    • Ikemoto, N.1    Ronjat, M.2    Meszaros, L.G.3    Koshita, M.4
  • 38
    • 33750883887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of [Ca2+]i, SR Ca2+ load, and rest on Ca2+ spark frequency in ventricular myocytes
    • Satoh H, Blatter LA, Bers DM. Effects of [Ca2+]i, SR Ca2+ load, and rest on Ca2+ spark frequency in ventricular myocytes Am J Physiol. 1997;272(pt 2):H657-H668.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol. , vol.272 , Issue.PART 2
    • Satoh, H.1    Blatter, L.A.2    Bers, D.M.3
  • 39
    • 0019942895 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations in membrane current driven by intracellular calcium in cardiac Purkinje fibers
    • Kass RS, Tsien RW. Fluctuations in membrane current driven by intracellular calcium in cardiac Purkinje fibers. Biophys J. 1982;38:259-269. (Pubitemid 12019588)
    • (1982) Biophysical Journal , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-269
    • Kass, R.S.1
  • 40
    • 0020642781 scopus 로고
    • 2+ in mammalian cardiac muscle
    • Orchard CH, Eisner DA, Allen DG. Oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ in mammalian cardiac muscle. Nature. 1983;304:735-738. (Pubitemid 13037721)
    • (1983) Nature , vol.304 , Issue.5928 , pp. 735-738
    • Orchard, C.H.1    Eisner, D.A.2    Allen, D.G.3
  • 41
    • 0020603463 scopus 로고
    • ++-dependent cellular mechanical oscillations
    • Stern MD, Kort AA, Bhatnagar GM, Lakatta EG. Scattered-light intensity fluctuations in diastolic rat cardiac muscle caused by spontaneous Ca+-dependent cellular mechanical oscillations. J Gen Physiol. 1983;82:119-153. (Pubitemid 13034088)
    • (1983) Journal of General Physiology , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-153
    • Stern, M.D.1    Kort, A.A.2    Bhatnagar, G.M.3    Lakatta, E.G.4
  • 43
    • 1542613385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular basis of triggered arrhythmias in heart failure
    • DOI 10.1016/j.tcm.2003.12.002, PII S1050173803001944
    • Pogwizd SM, Bers DM. Cellular basis of triggered arrhythmias in heart failure. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2004;14:61-66. (Pubitemid 38340848)
    • (2004) Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 61-66
    • Pogwizd, S.M.1    Bers, D.M.2
  • 45
    • 0035827719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmogenesis and contractile dysfunction in heart failure: Roles of sodium-calcium exchange, inward rectifier potassium current, and residual β-adrenergic responsiveness
    • Pogwizd SM, Schlotthauer K, Li L, Yuan W, Bers DM. Arrhythmogenesis and contractile dysfunction in heart failure: roles of sodiumcalcium exchange, inward rectifier potassium current, and residual betaadrenergic responsiveness. Circ Res. 2001;88:1159-1167. (Pubitemid 34132516)
    • (2001) Circulation Research , vol.88 , Issue.11 , pp. 1159-1167
    • Pogwizd, S.M.1    Schlotthauer, K.2    Li, L.3    Yuan, W.4    Bers, D.M.5
  • 46
    • 0020688018 scopus 로고
    • Cellular electrophysiologic abnormalities of diseased human ventricular myocardium
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9149(83)80024-1
    • Gilmour RF Jr, Heger JJ, Prystowsky EN, Zipes DP. Cellular electrophysiologic abnormalities of diseased human ventricular myocardium. Am J Cardiol. 1983;51:137-144. (Pubitemid 13220692)
    • (1983) American Journal of Cardiology , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 137-144
    • Gilmour Jr., R.F.1    Heger, J.J.2    Prystowsky, E.N.3    Zipes, D.P.4
  • 47
    • 0019982539 scopus 로고
    • Decreased catecholamine sensitivity and β-adrenergic-receptor density in failing human hearts
    • Bristow MR, Ginsburg R, Minobe W, Cubicciotti RS, Sageman WS, Lurie K, Billingham ME, Harrison DC, Stinson EB. Decreased catecholamine sensitivity and beta-adrenergic-receptor density in failing human hearts. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:205-211. (Pubitemid 12079105)
    • (1982) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.307 , Issue.4 , pp. 205-211
    • Bristow, M.R.1    Ginsburg, R.2    Minobe, W.3
  • 48
  • 49
    • 0033166707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ waves in rat ventricular myocytes
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0173r.x
    • Lukyanenko V, Subramanian S, Gyorke I, Wiesner TF, Gyorke S. The role of luminal Ca2+ in the generation of Ca2+ waves in rat ventricular myocytes. J Physiol. 1999;518(pt 1):173-186. (Pubitemid 29332962)
    • (1999) Journal of Physiology , vol.518 , Issue.1 , pp. 173-186
    • Lukyanenko, V.1    Subramanian, S.2    Gyorke, I.3    Wiesner, T.F.4    Gyorke, S.5
  • 50
    • 63649147447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying the formation and dynamics of subcellular calcium alternans in the intact rat heart
    • Aistrup GL, Shiferaw Y, Kapur S, Kadish AH, Wasserstrom JA. Mechanisms underlying the formation and dynamics of subcellular calcium alternans in the intact rat heart. Circ Res. 2009;104:639-649.
    • (2009) Circ Res. , vol.104 , pp. 639-649
    • Aistrup, G.L.1    Shiferaw, Y.2    Kapur, S.3    Kadish, A.H.4    Wasserstrom, J.A.5
  • 51
    • 0028170950 scopus 로고
    • Spatial non-uniformities in [Ca2+]i during excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes
    • Cannell MB, Cheng H, Lederer WJ. Spatial non-uniformities in [Ca2+]i during excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes. Biophys J. 1994;67:1942-1956.
    • (1994) Biophys J. , vol.67 , pp. 1942-1956
    • Cannell, M.B.1    Cheng, H.2    Lederer, W.J.3
  • 52
    • 1542373629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NADH Oxidase Activity of Rat Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Regulates Calcium-Induced Calcium Release
    • DOI 10.1161/01.RES.0000115554.65513.7C
    • Cherednichenko G, Zima AV, Feng W, Schaefer S, Blatter LA, Pessah IN. NADH oxidase activity of rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum regulates calcium-induced calcium release. Circ Res. 2004;94:478-486. (Pubitemid 38326283)
    • (2004) Circulation Research , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 478-486
    • Cherednichenko, G.1    Zima, A.V.2    Feng, W.3    Schaefer, S.4    Blatter, L.A.5    Pessah, I.N.6
  • 53
    • 0041473930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ release in rats via mitochondria-dependent and -independent mechanisms
    • DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.040345
    • Zima AV, Kockskamper J, Mejia-Alvarez R, Blatter LA. Pyruvate modulates cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in rats via mitochondria-dependent and-independent mechanisms. J Physiol. 2003; 550(pt 3):765-783. (Pubitemid 37010062)
    • (2003) Journal of Physiology , vol.550 , Issue.3 , pp. 765-783
    • Zima, A.V.1    Kockskamper, J.2    Mejia-Alvarez, R.3    Blatter, L.A.4
  • 54
    • 0028940654 scopus 로고
    • Rapid adaptation of cardiac ryanodine receptors: Modulation by Mg2+ and phosphorylation
    • Valdivia HH, Kaplan JH, Ellis-Davies GC, Lederer WJ. Rapid adaptation of cardiac ryanodine receptors: modulation by Mg2+ and phosphorylation. Science. 1995;267:1997-2000.
    • (1995) Science. , vol.267 , pp. 1997-2000
    • Valdivia, H.H.1    Kaplan, J.H.2    Ellis-Davies, G.C.3    Lederer, W.J.4
  • 55
    • 0029658733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+, and adenine nucleotides under normal and simulated ischemic conditions
    • Xu L, Mann G, Meissner G. Regulation of cardiac Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor) by Ca2+, H+, Mg2+, and adenine nucleotides under normal and simulated ischemic conditions Circ Res. 1996;79: 1100-1109. (Pubitemid 26404142)
    • (1996) Circulation Research , vol.79 , Issue.6 , pp. 1100-1109
    • Xu, L.1    Mann, G.2    Meissner, G.3
  • 56
    • 33846117456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing ryanodine receptor open probability alone does not produce arrhythmogenic calcium waves: Threshold sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content is required
    • DOI 10.1161/01.RES.0000252828.17939.00, PII 0000301220070105000015
    • Venetucci LA, Trafford AW, Eisner DA. Increasing ryanodine receptor open probability alone does not produce arrhythmogenic calcium waves: threshold sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content is required. Circ Res. 2007;100:105-111. (Pubitemid 46066778)
    • (2007) Circulation Research , vol.100 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-111
    • Venetucci, L.A.1    Trafford, A.W.2    Eisner, D.A.3
  • 57
    • 0034668923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous maps of optical action potentials and calcium transients in guinea-pig hearts: Mechanisms underlying concordant alternans
    • Choi BR, Salama G. Simultaneous maps of optical action potentials and calcium transients in guinea-pig hearts: mechanisms underlying concordant alternans. J Physiol. 2000;529(pt 1):171-188.
    • (2000) J Physiol. , vol.529 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 171-188
    • Choi, B.R.1    Salama, G.2
  • 58
    • 0015081152 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of alternation in myocardial action potentials and contractility
    • Spear JF, Moore EN. A comparison of alternation in myocardial action potentials and contractility. Am J Physiol. 1971;220:1708-1716.
    • (1971) Am J Physiol. , vol.220 , pp. 1708-1716
    • Spear, J.F.1    Moore, E.N.2
  • 59
    • 55949136438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action potential dynamics explain arrhythmic vulnerability in human heart failure: A clinical and modeling study implicating abnormal calcium handling
    • Narayan SM, Bayer JD, Lalani G, Trayanova NA. Action potential dynamics explain arrhythmic vulnerability in human heart failure: a clinical and modeling study implicating abnormal calcium handling. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:1782-1792.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.52 , pp. 1782-1792
    • Narayan, S.M.1    Bayer, J.D.2    Lalani, G.3    Trayanova, N.A.4
  • 60
    • 1942441076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Calcium Cycling Versus Restitution in the Mechanism of Repolarization Alternans
    • DOI 10.1161/01.RES.0000125629.72053.95
    • Pruvot EJ, Katra RP, Rosenbaum DS, Laurita KR. Role of calcium cycling versus restitution in the mechanism of repolarization alternans. Circ Res. 2004;94:1083-1090. (Pubitemid 38579703)
    • (2004) Circulation Research , vol.94 , Issue.8 , pp. 1083-1090
    • Pruvot, E.J.1    Katra, R.P.2    Rosenbaum, D.S.3    Laurita, K.R.4
  • 61
    • 0023802275 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ischemia on calcium-dependent fluorescence transients in rabbit hearts containing indo 1: Correlation with monophasic action potentials and contraction
    • Lee HC, Mohabir R, Smith N, Franz MR, Clusin WT. Effect of ischemia on calcium-dependent fluorescence transients in rabbit hearts containing indo 1: correlation with monophasic action potentials and contraction. Circulation. 1988;78:1047-1059.
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.78 , pp. 1047-1059
    • Lee, H.C.1    Mohabir, R.2    Smith, N.3    Franz, M.R.4    Clusin, W.T.5
  • 62
    • 33751304233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium transient alternans in blood-perfused ischemic hearts: Observations with fluorescent indicator fura red
    • Wu Y, Clusin WT. Calcium transient alternans in blood-perfused ischemic hearts: observations with fluorescent indicator fura red. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(pt 2):H2161-H2169.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol. , vol.273 , Issue.PART 2
    • Wu, Y.1    Clusin, W.T.2
  • 64
    • 77956884740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate-dependent action potential alternans in human heart failure implicates abnormal intracellular calcium handling
    • Bayer JD, Narayan SM, Lalani GG, Trayanova NA. Rate-dependent action potential alternans in human heart failure implicates abnormal intracellular calcium handling. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7:1093-1101.
    • (2010) Heart Rhythm. , vol.7 , pp. 1093-1101
    • Bayer, J.D.1    Narayan, S.M.2    Lalani, G.G.3    Trayanova, N.A.4
  • 65
    • 54049155818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burst emergence of intracellular Ca2+ waves evokes arrhythmogenic oscillatory depolarization via the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger: Simultaneous confocal recording of membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ in the heart
    • Fujiwara K, Tanaka H, Mani H, Nakagami T, Takamatsu T. Burst emergence of intracellular Ca2+ waves evokes arrhythmogenic oscillatory depolarization via the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger: simultaneous confocal recording of membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ in the heart. Circ Res. 2008;103:509-518.
    • (2008) Circ Res. , vol.103 , pp. 509-518
    • Fujiwara, K.1    Tanaka, H.2    Mani, H.3    Nakagami, T.4    Takamatsu, T.5
  • 68
    • 84960586355 scopus 로고
    • Notes upon alternation of the heart
    • Lewis T. Notes upon alternation of the heart. Q J Med. 1910;4:141-144.
    • (1910) Q J Med. , vol.4 , pp. 141-144
    • Lewis, T.1
  • 73
    • 33845193645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive Value of Microvolt T-Wave Alternans for Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Preserved Cardiac Function After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Results of a Collaborative Cohort Study
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.06.075, PII S0735109706022066
    • Ikeda T, Yoshino H, Sugi K, Tanno K, Shimizu H, Watanabe J, Kasamaki Y, Yoshida A, Kato T. Predictive value of microvolt T-wave alternans for sudden cardiac death in patients with preserved cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction: results of a collaborative cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:2268-2274. (Pubitemid 44855424)
    • (2006) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.48 , Issue.11 , pp. 2268-2274
    • Ikeda, T.1    Yoshino, H.2    Sugi, K.3    Tanno, K.4    Shimizu, H.5    Watanabe, J.6    Kasamaki, Y.7    Yoshida, A.8    Kato, T.9
  • 74
    • 55049088260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does microvolt T-wave alternans testing predict ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and prophylactic defibrillators? the MASTER (Microvolt T Wave Alternans Testing for Risk Stratification of Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients) trial
    • Chow T, Kereiakes DJ, Onufer J, Woelfel A, Gursoy S, Peterson BJ, Brown ML, Pu W, Benditt DG. Does microvolt T-wave alternans testing predict ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and prophylactic defibrillators? The MASTER (Microvolt T Wave Alternans Testing for Risk Stratification of Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:1607-1615.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.52 , pp. 1607-1615
    • Chow, T.1    Kereiakes, D.J.2    Onufer, J.3    Woelfel, A.4    Gursoy, S.5    Peterson, B.J.6    Brown, M.L.7    Pu, W.8    Benditt, D.G.9
  • 75
    • 57149125829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of microvolt T-wave alternans in assessment of arrhythmia vulnerability among patients with heart failure and systolic dysfunction: Primary results from the T-wave alternans sudden cardiac death in heart failure trial substudy
    • Gold MR, Ip JH, Costantini O, Poole JE, McNulty S, Mark DB, Lee KL, Bardy GH. Role of microvolt T-wave alternans in assessment of arrhythmia vulnerability among patients with heart failure and systolic dysfunction: primary results from the T-wave alternans sudden cardiac death in heart failure trial substudy. Circulation. 2008;118:2022-2028.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , pp. 2022-2028
    • Gold, M.R.1    Ip, J.H.2    Costantini, O.3    Poole, J.E.4    McNulty, S.5    Mark, D.B.6    Lee, K.L.7    Bardy, G.H.8
  • 76
    • 60949106951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence regarding clinical use of microvolt T-wave alternans
    • Hohnloser SH, Ikeda T, Cohen RJ. Evidence regarding clinical use of microvolt T-wave alternans. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6(suppl):S36-S44.
    • (2009) Heart Rhythm. , vol.6 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Hohnloser, S.H.1    Ikeda, T.2    Cohen, R.J.3
  • 78
    • 33645739897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and causes of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies: Is device therapy proarrhythmic?
    • Germano JJ, Reynolds M, Essebag V, Josephson ME. Frequency and causes of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies: is device therapy proarrhythmic? Am J Cardiol. 2006;97:1255-1261.
    • (2006) Am J Cardiol. , vol.97 , pp. 1255-1261
    • Germano, J.J.1    Reynolds, M.2    Essebag, V.3    Josephson, M.E.4
  • 80
    • 33846890687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic modulation of electrical restitution, alternans and ventricular fibrillation initiation in the isolated heart
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.12.001, PII S0008636306005645
    • Ng GA, Brack KE, Patel VH, Coote JH. Autonomic modulation of electrical restitution, alternans and ventricular fibrillation initiation in the isolated heart. Cardiovasc Res. 2007;73:750-760. (Pubitemid 46227349)
    • (2007) Cardiovascular Research , vol.73 , Issue.4 , pp. 750-760
    • Ng, G.A.1    Brack, K.E.2    Patel, V.H.3    Coote, J.H.4
  • 82
    • 0037044421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternans of atrial action potentials during atrial flutter as a precursor to atrial fibrillation
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000037062.35762.B4
    • Narayan SM, Bode F, Karasik PL, Franz MR. Alternans of atrial action potentials during atrial flutter as a precursor to atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2002;106:1968-1973. (Pubitemid 35176303)
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , Issue.15 , pp. 1968-1973
    • Narayan, S.M.1    Bode, F.2    Karasik, P.L.3    Franz, M.R.4
  • 83
    • 79953066360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracardiac electrogram T-wave alternans/variability increases before spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias in implantable cardioverter- defibrillator patients: A prospective, multicenter study
    • Swerdlow C, Chow T, Das M, Gillis AM, Zhou X, Abeyratne A, Ghanem RN. Intracardiac electrogram T-wave alternans/variability increases before spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias in implantable cardioverter- defibrillator patients: a prospective, multicenter study. Circulation. 2011;123:1052-1060.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.123 , pp. 1052-1060
    • Swerdlow, C.1    Chow, T.2    Das, M.3    Gillis, A.M.4    Zhou, X.5    Abeyratne, A.6    Ghanem, R.N.7
  • 84
    • 33747143137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upsurge in T-wave alternans and nonalternating repolarization instability precedes spontaneous initiation of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in humans
    • DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.607895, PII 0000301720060627000007
    • Shusterman V, Goldberg A, London B. Upsurge in T-wave alternans and nonalternating repolarization instability precedes spontaneous initiation of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in humans. Circulation. 2006;113: 2880-2887. (Pubitemid 44297228)
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113 , Issue.25 , pp. 2880-2887
    • Shusterman, V.1    Goldberg, A.2    London, B.3
  • 85
    • 78049473869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium oscillations and T-wave lability precede ventricular arrhythmias in acquired long QT type 2
    • Nemec J, Kim JJ, Gabris B, Salama G. Calcium oscillations and T-wave lability precede ventricular arrhythmias in acquired long QT type 2. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7:1686-1694.
    • (2010) Heart Rhythm. , vol.7 , pp. 1686-1694
    • Nemec, J.1    Kim, J.J.2    Gabris, B.3    Salama, G.4
  • 86
    • 0037131194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive increases in complexity of T-wave oscillations herald ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation
    • DOI 10.1161/01.RES.0000038887.17976.33
    • Nearing BD, Verrier RL. Progressive increases in complexity of T-wave oscillations herald ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation. Circ Res. 2002;91:727-732. (Pubitemid 35204956)
    • (2002) Circulation Research , vol.91 , Issue.8 , pp. 727-732
    • Nearing, B.D.1    Verrier, R.L.2
  • 87
    • 58549089506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defibrillator electrogram T wave alternans as a predictor of spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias in defibrillator recipients
    • Kim JW, Pak HN, Park JH, Nam GB, Kim SK, Lee HS, Jang JK, Choi JI, Kim YH. Defibrillator electrogram T wave alternans as a predictor of spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias in defibrillator recipients. Circ J. 2009;73:55-62.
    • (2009) Circ J. , vol.73 , pp. 55-62
    • Kim, J.W.1    Pak, H.N.2    Park, J.H.3    Nam, G.B.4    Kim, S.K.5    Lee, H.S.6    Jang, J.K.7    Choi, J.I.8    Kim, Y.H.9
  • 88
    • 2442606540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of implantable cardioverter defibrillator electrograms to estimate repolarization alternans preceding a tachyarrhythmic event
    • Armoundas AA, Albert CM, Cohen RJ, Mela T. Utility of implantable cardioverter defibrillator electrograms to estimate repolarization alternans preceding a tachyarrhythmic event. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2004;15:594-597. (Pubitemid 38621913)
    • (2004) Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 594-597
    • Armoundas, A.A.1    Albert, C.M.2    Cohen, R.J.3    Mela, T.4
  • 89
    • 42649083305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High amplitude T-wave alternans precedes spontaneous ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in ICD electrograms
    • Swerdlow CD, Zhou X, Voroshilovsky O, Abeyratne A, Gillberg J. High amplitude T-wave alternans precedes spontaneous ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in ICD electrograms. Heart Rhythm. 2008;5: 670-676.
    • (2008) Heart Rhythm. , vol.5 , pp. 670-676
    • Swerdlow, C.D.1    Zhou, X.2    Voroshilovsky, O.3    Abeyratne, A.4    Gillberg, J.5
  • 91
    • 33745490029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of T-wave alternans using an implantable cardioverter- defibrillator
    • DOI 10.1016/j.hrthm.2006.03.022, PII S1547527106013245
    • Paz O, Zhou X, Gillberg J, Tseng HJ, Gang E, Swerdlow C. Detection of T-wave alternans using an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Heart Rhythm. 2006;3:791-797. (Pubitemid 43960543)
    • (2006) Heart Rhythm , vol.3 , Issue.7 , pp. 791-797
    • Paz, O.1    Zhou, X.2    Gillberg, J.3    Tseng, H.-J.4    Gang, E.5    Swerdlow, C.6
  • 92
    • 85047675278 scopus 로고
    • Dispersion of monophasic action potential durations and activation times during atrial pacing, ventricular pacing, and ventricular premature stimulation in canine ventricles
    • Kuo CS, Amlie JP, Munakata K, Reddy CP, Surawicz B. Dispersion of monophasic action potential durations and activation times during atrial pacing, ventricular pacing, and ventricular premature stimulation in canine ventricles. Cardiovasc Res. 1983;17:152-161. (Pubitemid 13113951)
    • (1983) Cardiovascular Research , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 152-161
    • Kuo, C.S.1    Amlie, J.P.2    Munakata, K.3
  • 93
    • 0032556025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological basis of arrhythmogenicity of QT/T alternans in the long-QT syndrome: Tridimensional analysis of the kinetics of cardiac repolarization
    • Chinushi M, Restivo M, Caref EB, El-Sherif N. Electrophysiological basis of arrhythmogenicity of QT/T alternans in the long-QT syndrome: tridimensional analysis of the kinetics of cardiac repolarization. Circ Res. 1998;83:614-628. (Pubitemid 28427745)
    • (1998) Circulation Research , vol.83 , Issue.6 , pp. 614-628
    • Chinushi, M.1    Restivo, M.2    Caref, E.B.3    El-Sherif, N.4
  • 95
    • 33750852496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discordant S-T alternans contributes to formation of reentry: A possible mechanism of reperfusion arrhythmia
    • Tachibana H, Kubota I, Yamaki M, Watanabe T, Tomoike H. Discordant S-T alternans contributes to formation of reentry: a possible mechanism of reperfusion arrhythmia. Am J Physiol. 1998;275(pt 2):H116-H121.
    • (1998) Am J Physiol. , vol.275 , Issue.PART 2
    • Tachibana, H.1    Kubota, I.2    Yamaki, M.3    Watanabe, T.4    Tomoike, H.5
  • 96
    • 0033596974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and ionic basis for T-wave alternans under long-QT conditions
    • Shimizu W, Antzelevitch C. Cellular and ionic basis for T-wave alternans under long-QT conditions. Circulation. 1999;99:1499-1507. (Pubitemid 29140918)
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , Issue.11 , pp. 1499-1507
    • Shimizu, W.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 97
  • 98
    • 0034601749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of discordant alternans and induction of reentry in simulated cardiac tissue
    • Qu Z, Garfinkel A, Chen PS, Weiss JN. Mechanisms of discordant alternans and induction of reentry in simulated cardiac tissue. Circulation. 2000;102:1664-1670.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 1664-1670
    • Qu, Z.1    Garfinkel, A.2    Chen, P.S.3    Weiss, J.N.4
  • 101
    • 67651046518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implantable cardioverter defibrillators and their role in heart failure progression
    • Cevik C, Perez-Verdia A, Nugent K. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators and their role in heart failure progression. Europace. 2009;11: 710-715.
    • (2009) Europace. , vol.11 , pp. 710-715
    • Cevik, C.1    Perez-Verdia, A.2    Nugent, K.3
  • 102
    • 33846221485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocardial and Epicardial Repolarization Alternans in Human Cardiomyopathy. Evidence for Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Correlation With Body Surface T-Wave Alternans
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.08.056, PII S0735109706026477
    • Selvaraj RJ, Picton P, Nanthakumar K, Mak S, Chauhan VS. Endocardial and epicardial repolarization alternans in human cardiomyopathy: evidence for spatiotemporal heterogeneity and correlation with body surface T-wave alternans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:338-346. (Pubitemid 46097379)
    • (2007) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 338-346
    • Selvaraj, R.J.1    Picton, P.2    Nanthakumar, K.3    Mak, S.4    Chauhan, V.S.5
  • 104
    • 0022543220 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the resetting phenomenon in sustained uniform ventricular tachycardia: Incidence and relation to termination
    • Almendral JM, Rosenthal ME, Stamato NJ, Marchlinski FE, Buxton AE, Frame LH, Miller JM, Josephson ME. Analysis of the resetting phenomenon in sustained uniform ventricular tachycardia: incidence and relation to termination. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8:294-300. (Pubitemid 16036462)
    • (1986) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 294-300
    • Almendral, J.M.1    Rosenthal, M.E.2    Stamato, N.J.3
  • 105
    • 0020700321 scopus 로고
    • Influence of tachycardia cycle length and antiarrhythmic drugs on pacing termination and acceleration of ventricular tachycardia
    • DOI 10.1016/0002-8703(83)90269-7
    • Naccarelli GV, Zipes DP, Rahilly GT, Heger JJ, Prystowsky EN. Influence of tachycardia cycle length and antiarrhythmic drugs on pacing termination and acceleration of ventricular tachycardia. Am Heart J. 1983;105:1-5. (Pubitemid 13223462)
    • (1983) American Heart Journal , vol.105 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-5
    • Naccarelli, G.V.1    Zipes, D.P.2    Rahilly, G.T.3
  • 106
    • 0020684420 scopus 로고
    • Termination of ventricular tachycardia by single extrastimulation during the ventricular effective refractory period
    • Ruffy R, Friday KJ, Southworth WF. Termination of ventricular tachycardia by single extrastimulation during the ventricular effective refractory period. Circulation. 1983;67:457-459. (Pubitemid 13172589)
    • (1983) Circulation , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 457-459
    • Ruffy, R.1    Friday, K.J.2    Southworth, W.F.3
  • 107
    • 0023694110 scopus 로고
    • Reproducible termination of ventricular tachycardia by a single extrastimulus within the reentry circuit during the ventricular effective refractory period
    • Garan H, Ruskin JN. Reproducible termination of ventricular tachycardia by a single extrastimulus within the reentry circuit during the ventricular effective refractory period. Am Heart J. 1988;116(pt 1):546-550.
    • (1988) Am Heart J. , vol.116 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 546-550
    • Garan, H.1    Ruskin, J.N.2
  • 108
    • 0019935145 scopus 로고
    • Role of implantable pacemakers in control of recurrent ventricle tachycardia
    • DOI 10.1016/0002-9149(82)90294-6
    • Fisher JD, Kim SG, Furman S, Matos JA. Role of implantable pacemakers in control of recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol. 1982;49:194-206. (Pubitemid 12003523)
    • (1982) American Journal of Cardiology , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 194-206
    • Fisher, J.D.1    Kim, S.G.2    Furman, S.3    Matos, J.A.4
  • 109
    • 0020562049 scopus 로고
    • Comparative effectiveness of pacing techniques for termination of well-tolerated sustained ventricular tachycardia
    • Fisher JD, Kim SG, Matos JA, Ostrow E. Comparative effectiveness of pacing techniques for termination of well-tolerated sustained ventricular tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1983;6(pt 1):915-922. (Pubitemid 13020466)
    • (1983) PACE - Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 915-922
    • Fisher, J.D.1    Kim, S.G.2    Matos, J.A.3    Ostrow, E.4
  • 110
    • 0029116302 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between strong electrical stimulation and reentrant wavefronts in canine ventricular fibrillation
    • Bonometti C, Hwang C, Hough D, Lee JJ, Fishbein MC, Karagueuzian HS, Chen PS. Interaction between strong electrical stimulation and reentrant wavefronts in canine ventricular fibrillation. Circ Res. 1995; 77:407-416.
    • (1995) Circ Res. , vol.77 , pp. 407-416
    • Bonometti, C.1    Hwang, C.2    Hough, D.3    Lee, J.J.4    Fishbein, M.C.5    Karagueuzian, H.S.6    Chen, P.S.7
  • 111
    • 0028788204 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pacing on stationary reentrant activity: Theoretical and experimental study
    • Davidenko JM, Salomonsz R, Pertsov AM, Baxter WT, Jalife J. Effects of pacing on stationary reentrant activity: theoretical and experimental study. Circ Res. 1995;77:1166-1179.
    • (1995) Circ Res. , vol.77 , pp. 1166-1179
    • Davidenko, J.M.1    Salomonsz, R.2    Pertsov, A.M.3    Baxter, W.T.4    Jalife, J.5
  • 112
    • 0030756602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of location and timing of electrical stimuli in terminating sustained functional reentry in isolated swine ventricular tissues: Evidence in support of a small reentrant circuit
    • Kamjoo K, Uchida T, Ikeda T, Fishbein MC, Garfinkel A, Weiss JN, Karagueuzian HS, Chen PS. Importance of location and timing of electrical stimuli in terminating sustained functional reentry in isolated swine ventricular tissues: evidence in support of a small reentrant circuit. Circulation. 1997;96:2048-2060. (Pubitemid 27400770)
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , Issue.6 , pp. 2048-2060
    • Kamjoo, K.1    Uchida, T.2    Ikeda, T.3    Fishbein, M.C.4    Garfinkel, A.5    Weiss, J.N.6    Karagueuzian, H.S.7    Chen, P.-S.8
  • 113
    • 0037071377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental control of cardiac muscle alternans
    • Hall GM, Gauthier DJ. Experimental control of cardiac muscle alternans. Phys Rev Lett. 2002;88:198102.
    • (2002) Phys Rev Lett. , vol.88 , pp. 198102
    • Hall, G.M.1    Gauthier, D.J.2
  • 115
    • 84856476766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel intracardiac pacing method to induce and suppress repolarization alternans
    • Weiss EH, Merchant F, Laferriere S, Mela T, Armoundas AA. A novel intracardiac pacing method to induce and suppress repolarization alternans. Circulation. 2009;120(suppl):S710.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.120 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Weiss, E.H.1    Merchant, F.2    Laferriere, S.3    Mela, T.4    Armoundas, A.A.5
  • 119
    • 0035195247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metoprolol and d,l-sotalol on microvolt-level T-wave alternans results of a prospective, double-blind, randomized study
    • DOI 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01661-8, PII S0735109701016618
    • Klingenheben T, Gronefeld G, Li YG, Hohnloser SH. Effect of metoprolol and d,l-sotalol on microvolt-level T-wave alternans: results of a prospective, double-blind, randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 38:2013-2019. (Pubitemid 33116579)
    • (2001) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.38 , Issue.7 , pp. 2013-2019
    • Klingenheben, T.1    Gronefeld, G.2    Li, Y.-G.3    Hohnloser, S.H.4
  • 121
    • 73949125044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted SERCA2a gene expression identifies molecular mechanism and therapeutic target for arrhythmogenic cardiac alternans
    • Cutler MJ, Wan X, Laurita KR, Hajjar RJ, Rosenbaum DS. Targeted SERCA2a gene expression identifies molecular mechanism and therapeutic target for arrhythmogenic cardiac alternans. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2:686-694.
    • (2009) Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. , vol.2 , pp. 686-694
    • Cutler, M.J.1    Wan, X.2    Laurita, K.R.3    Hajjar, R.J.4    Rosenbaum, D.S.5
  • 122
    • 0027456967 scopus 로고
    • Sudden cardiac death: Magnitude of the problem, substrate/trigger interaction, and populations at high risk
    • Jimenez RA, Myerburg RJ. Sudden cardiac death: magnitude of the problem, substrate/trigger interaction, and populations at high risk. Cardiol Clin. 1993;11:1-9. (Pubitemid 23077722)
    • (1993) Cardiology Clinics , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Jimenez, R.A.1    Myerburg, R.J.2
  • 123
    • 0021236875 scopus 로고
    • Period multupling-evidence for nonlinear behaviour of the canine heart
    • Ritzenberg AL, Adam DR, Cohen RJ. Period multupling-evidence for nonlinear behaviour of the canine heart. Nature. 1984;307:159-161. (Pubitemid 14132899)
    • (1984) Nature , vol.307 , Issue.5947 , pp. 159-161
    • Ritzenberg, A.L.1    Adam, D.R.2    Cohen, R.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.