A 'living fossil' eel (Anguilliformes: Protanguillidae, fam. nov.) from an undersea cave in Palau

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 279, Issue 1730, 2012, Pages 934-943

  David Johnson, G ^a   Ida, Hitoshi ^b   Sakaue, Jiro ^c   Sado, Tetsuya ^d   Asahida, Takashi ^b   Miya, Masaki ^d  

^a DEPARTMENT OF PALEOBIOLOGY   (United States)

^b KITASATO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c Southern Marine Laboratory   (Palau)

^d NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM AND INSTITUTE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Divergence time; Eel; Genus and family; Morphology; New species; Phylogeny

Indexed keywords

BODY SIZE; CAVE; DIVERGENCE; EEL; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; FOSSIL RECORD; FRINGING REEF; GENETIC ANALYSIS; MESOZOIC; MORPHOLOGY; NEW SPECIES; PHYLOGENETICS; PHYLOGENY; TAXONOMY;

CAROLINE ISLANDS; PALAU;

ANGUILLIFORMES; ELOPOMORPHA;

EID: 84856291984     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1289     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Darwin, C. 1859 On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life., London, UK: John Murray.
2. Eldredge, N. & Stanley, S. M. 1984 Living fossils., New York, NY: Springer.
3. Inoue, J. G. et al., 2010 Deep-ocean origin of the freshwater eels. Biol. Lett., 6, 363-366. (doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0989)
4. Nelson, J. S. 2006 Fishes of the world, 4th edn. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
5. Greenwood, P. H. J., Rosen, D. E., Weitzman, S. H. & Myers, G. S. 1966 Phyletic studies of teleostean fishes, with a provisional classification of living forms. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 131, 339-456.
6. Inoue, J. G., Miya, M., Tsukamoto, K. & Nishida, M. 2004 Mitogenomic evidence for the monophyly of elopomorph fishes (Teleostei) and the evolutionary origin of the leptocephalus larva. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 32, 274-286. (doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.009)
7. Belouze, A., Gayet, M. & Atallah, C. 2003 Les premiers Anguilliformes. I. Révision des genres cénomaniens Anguillavus, Hay, 1903 et Luenchelys, nov. gen. Geobios, 36, 241-273. (doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(03)00029-9)
8. Robins, C. R. 1989 The phylogenetic relationships of the anguilliform fishes. In Fishes of the western North Atlantic, Part 9, (ed. E. B. Böhlke), pp. 9-23. New Haven, CT: Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University.
9. Böhlke, E. B. 1989 Methods and terminology. In Fishes of the western North Atlantic, Part 9, (ed. E. B. Böhlke), pp. 1-7, New Haven, CT: Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University.
10. Miya, M. & Nishida, M. 1999 Organization of the mitochondrial genome of a deep-sea fish, Gonostoma gracile, (Teleostei: Stomiiformes): first example of transfer RNA gene rearrangements in bony fishes. Mar. Biotechnol., 1, 416-426. (doi:10.1007/PL00011798)
11. Azuma, Y., Kumazawa, Y., Miya, M., Mabuchi, K. & Nishida, M. 2008 Mitogenomic evaluation of the historical biogeography of cichlids toward reliable dating of teleostean divergences. BMC Evol. Biol., 8, 215. (doi:10. 1186/1471-2148-8-215)
12. Katoh, K. & Toh, H. 2008 Recent developments in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. Brief. Bioinform., 9, 286-298. (doi:10.1093/bib/bbn013)
13. Miya, M. & Nishida, M. 2000 Use of mitogenomic information in teleostean molecular phylogenetics: a tree-based exploration under the maximum-parsimony optimality criterion. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 17, 437-455. (doi:10.1006/ mpev.2000.0839)
14. Broughton, R. E. 2010 Phylogeny of teleosts based on mitochondrial genome sequences. In Origin and phylogenetic interrelationships of teleosts, (eds J. S. Nelson, H.-S. Shultze & M. V. H. Wilson), pp. 61-76. Munich, Germany: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil.
15. Benton, M. J. & Ayala, F. J. 2003 Dating the tree of life. Science, 300, 1698-1700. (doi:10.1126/science.1077795)
16. Stamatakis, A. 2006 RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics, 22, 2688-2690. (doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446)
17. Shimodaira, H. & Hasegawa, M. 2001 CONSEL: for assessing the confidence of phylogenetic tree selection. Bioinformatics, 17, 1246-1247. (doi:10.1093/ bioinformatics/17.12.1246)
18. Yang, Z. 2007 PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Mol. Biol. Evol., 24, 1586-1591. (doi:10.1093/molbev/msm088)
19. Patterson, C. 1993 Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In The fossil record 2, (ed. M. J. Benton), pp. 621-656. London, UK: Chapman & Hall.
20. Belouze, A. 2002 Comprehension morphologique et phylogénétique des taxons actuels et fossils rapports aux Anguilliformes (Poissons, Téléostéens). Documents des Laboratoires de Geologie Lyon 158, 1-401.
21. Lu, Y. 1994 New Upper Cretaceous teleost fishes from Namoura, a new locality in Lebanon, and the phylogeny of Aulopiformes (Euteleostei), fossil and Recent. PhD dissertation, University of London, London, UK.
22. Belouze, A. 2003 Les premiers Anguilliformes. II. Paraphylie du genre Urenchelys, Woodward, 1900 et relations phylogénétiques. Geobios, 36, 351-378. (doi:10.1016/ S0016-6995(03)00036-6)
23. McDowell, S.B. 1973 OrderHeteromi (Notacanthiformes). In Fishes of the western North Atlantic, Part 6, (ed. D. M. Cohen), pp. 1-207. New Haven, CT: Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University.
24. Nelson, G. J. 1966 Gill arches of fishes of the order Anguilliformes. Pac. Sci., 20, 391-408.
25. Castle, P. H. J. 1984 Notacanthiformes and Anguilliformes: Development. In Ontogeny and systematics of fishes, (eds H. G. Moser, W. J. Richards, D. M. Cohen, M. P. Fahay, A.W. Kendall & S. L. Richardson), pp. 62-93. Lawrence, KA: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special Publication.
26. Smith, D. G. 1989 Family Myrocongridae. In Fishes of the western North Atlantic, Part 9, (ed. E. B. Böhlke), pp. 98-103. New Haven, CT: Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University.
27. Smith, D.G. 1989 FamilyCongridae. In Fishes of thewestern North Atlantic, Part 9, (ed. E. B. Böhlke), pp. 460-567. New Haven, CT: Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University.
28. Regan, C. T. 1912 The osteology and classification of the teleostean fishes of the order Apodes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser., 8, 377-387.
29. Forey, P. L., Littlewood, D. T. J., Ritchie, P. & Meyer, A. 1996 Interrelationships of elopomorph fishes. In Interrelationships of fishes, (eds M. L. J. Stiassny, L. R. Parenti & G. D. Johnson), pp. 175-186. New York, NY: Academic Press.
30. Forey, P. L., Yi, L., Patterson, C. & Davies, C. E. 2003 Fossil fishes from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Namoura, Lebanon. J. Syst. Palaeontol., 1, 227-330. (doi:10.1017/S147720190300107X)
31. Leiby, M. M. 1979 Morphological development of the eel Myrophis punctatus, (Ophichthiidae) from hatching to metamorphosis, with emphasis on the developing head skeleton. Bull. Mar. Sci., 29, 509-521.
32. Jaquet, M. 1920 Contribution a l'anatomie du Simenchelys parasiticus, Gill. Resultats des Campagnes Sci. accomplies par le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 56, 1-77.
33. Eagderi, S. & Adriaens, D. 2010 Cephalic morphology of Pythonichthys macrurus, (Heterenchelyidae: Anguilliformes): specializations for head-first burrowing. J. Morphol., 271, 1053-1065. (doi:10.1002/jmor.10852)
34. Robins, C. H. & Robins, C. R. 1971 Osteology and relationships of the eel family Macrocephenchelyidae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 123, 127-150.
35. Norman, J. R. 1926 The development of the chondrocranium of the eel (Anguilla vulgaris), with observations on the comparative morphology and development of the chondrocranium in bony fishes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 214, 369-464. (doi:10.1098/rstb.1926.0009)
36. Bauchot, M. L. 1959 Etude des larves Leptocephales du groupe Leptocephalus Ianceolatus Str mman et identification a la famille des Serrivomeridae. Dana Report, 48, 1-148.
37. Hay, O. P. 1903 On a collection of Upper Cretaceous fishes from Mount Lebanon, Syria, with descriptions of four new genera and nineteen new species. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 19, 395-452.
38. Trewavas, E. 1932 A contribution to the classification of the fishes of the order Apodes, based on the osteology of some rare eels. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1932, 639-659.
39. Beebe, W. & Crane, J. 1936 Deep-sea fishes of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. Family Serrivomeridae. I. Genus Serrivomer, Zool. N. Y., 20, 53-102.
40. Bertin, L. 1941 Description anatomique du genre Stemonidium, type peu connu des serrivomerids, et definition de cette famille des poissons apodes. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, 13, 524-531.
41. Tighe, K. A. 1989 Family Serrivomeridae. In Fishes of the western North Atlantic, Part 9, (ed. E. B. Böhlke), pp. 613-627. New Haven, CT: Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University.
42. McAllister, D. E. 1968 Evolution of branchiostegals and classification of teleostome fishes. Nat. Mus. Can. Bull., 221, 1-239.
43. De Beer, G. R. 1937 The development of the vertebrate skull., Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
44. Nelson, G. J. 1973 Relationships of clupeomorphs, with remarks on the structure of the lower jaw in fishes. In Interrelationships of fishes, (eds P.H. J. Greenwood, R. S. Miles & C. Patterson), pp. 333-349. London, UK: AcademicPress.
45. Woodward, A. S. 1901 Catalogue of the fossil fishes in the British Museum, (Natural History), vol. 1. London, UK: British Museum (Natural History).
46. McCosker, J. E. 1977 The osteology, classification, and relationships of the eel family Ophichthidae. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 41, 1-123.
47. Fujita, K. 1990 The caudal skeleton of teleostean fishes., Tokyo, Japan: Tokai University Press.
48. Smith, D. G. 1989 Family Colocongridae. In Fishes of the western North Atlantic, Part 9, (ed. E. B. Böhlke), pp. 413-419. New Haven, CT: Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University.
49. Shimodaira, H. 2002 An approximately unbiased test of phylogenetic tree selection. Syst. Biol., 51, 492-508. (doi:10.1080/10635150290069913)
50. Miller, M. J. & Tsukamoto, K. 2004 An introduction to leptocephali biology and identification, Tokyo, Japan: Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo.
51. Colin, P. 2009 Marine environments of Palau., San Diego, CA: Indo-Pacific Press.