Perceptions of non-target confronters in response to racist and heterosexist remarks

European Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 112-119

  Dickter, Cheryl L ^a   Kittel, Julie A ^a   Gyurovski, Ivo I ^a  

^a Dept of Economics and Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy at the College of William and Mary   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84856230135     PISSN: 00462772     EISSN: 10990992     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.855     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Ashburn-Nardo, L., Morris, K., & Goodwin, S. (2008). The confronting prejudiced responses (CPR) model: Applying CPR in organizations. The Academy of Management Learning and Education, 7(3), 332-342.
2. Athanases, S. Z., & Comar, T. A. (2008). The performance of homophobia in early adolescents' everyday speech. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Youth, 5(2), 9-32.
3. Blanchard, F. A., Crandall, C. S., Brigham, J. C., & Vaughn, L. A. (1994). Condemning and condoning racism: A social context approach to interracial settings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(6), 993-997.
4. Burn, S. M. (2000). Homosexuals' use of "queer" and "fag" to deride one another: A contributor to heterosexism and stigma. Journal of Homosexuality, 40(2), 1-11.
5. Cowan, G., & Mettrick, J. (2002). The effects of target variables and setting on perceptions of hate speech. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(2), 277-299.
6. Czopp, A. M., & Monteith, M. J. (2003). Confronting prejudice (literally): Reactions to confrontations of racial and gender bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(4), 532-544.
7. Czopp, A. M., Monteith, M. J., & Mark, A. Y. (2006). Standing up for a change: Reducing bias through interpersonal confrontation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 784-803.
8. D'Augelli, A. R. (1992). Lesbian and gay male undergraduates' experiences of harassment and fear on campus. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7(3), 383-395.
9. D'Augelli, A. R., & Hershberger, S. L. (1993). African-American undergraduates on a predominantly White campus: Academic factors, social networks, and campus climate. Journal of Negro Education, 62(1), 67-81.
10. Devine, P. G., & Elliot, A. J. (1995). Are racial stereotypes really fading? The Princeton Trilogy revisited. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(11), 1139-1150.
11. Dickter, C. L. (in press). Confronting hate: Predicting heterosexuals' responses to antigay comments. Journal of Homosexuality.
12. Dickter, C. L., & Newton, V. A. (in press). To confront or not to confront: Non-targets' evaluations of responses to racist comments. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
13. Dodd, E. H., Giuliano, T. A., Boutell, J. M., & Moran, B. E. (2001). Respected or rejected: Perceptions of women who confront sexist remarks. Sex Roles, 45(7-8), 567-577.
14. Fazio, R. H., & Hilden, L. E. (2001) Emotional reactions to a seemingly prejudiced response: The role of automatically activated racial attitudes and motivation to control prejudiced reactions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(5), 538-549.
15. Garnets, L., Herek, G. M., & Levy, B. (1990). Violence and victimization of lesbians and gay men: Mental health consequences. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5(3), 366-383.
16. Herek, G. M. (1989). Hate crimes against lesbians and gay men: Issues for research and policy. American Psychologist, 44(6), 948-955.
17. Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (1999). Psychological sequelae of hate-crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(6), 945-951.
18. Kaiser, C. R., & Miller, C. T. (2001). Stop complaining! The social costs of making attributions to discrimination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(2), 254-263.
19. Kaiser, C. R., & Miller, C. T. (2004). A stress and coping perspective on confronting abstract sexism. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28(2), 168-178.
20. Kowalski, R. M. (1996). Complaints and complaining: Functions, antecedents and consequences. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 179-196.
21. McClelland, K., & Hunter, C. (1992). The perceived seriousness of racial harassment. Social Problems, 39(1), 92-107.
22. Newton, V. A., Dickter, C. L., & Gyurovski, I. I. (2011). The effects of stereotypical cues on the social categorization and judgment of ambiguous-race targets. Journal of Interpersonal Relations, Intergroup Relations and Identity, 4, 31-45.
23. Plummer, D. C. (2001). The quest for modern manhood: Masculine stereotypes, peer culture and the social significance of homophobia. Journal of Adolescence, 24(1), 15-23.
24. Rasinski, H. M., & Czopp, A. M. (2010). The effect of target status on witnesses' reactions to confrontations of bias. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 32, 8-16.
25. Shelton, J. N., & Stewart, R. E. (2004). Confronting perpetrators of prejudice: The inhibitory effects of social costs. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28(3), 215-233.
26. Stangor, C., Swim, J. K., van Allen, K. L., & Sechrist, G. B. (2002). Reporting discrimination in public and private contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 69-74.
27. Swim, J. K., & Hyers, L. L. (1999) Excuse me-What did you just say?!: Women's public and private responses to sexist remarks. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(1), 68-88.
28. Swim, J. K., Hyers, L. L., Cohen, L. L., & Ferguson, M. J. (2001) Everyday sexism: Evidence for its incidence, nature, and psychological impact from three daily diary studies. Journal of Social Issues, 57(1), 31-53.
29. Swim, J. K., Hyers, L. L., Cohen, L. L., Fitzgerald, D. C., & Bylsma, W. (2003). African-American college students' experiences with everyday racism: Characteristics and responses to these incidents. Journal of Black Psychology, 29(1), 38-67.
30. Thurlow, C. (2001). Naming the "outsider within": Homophobic pejoratives and the verbal abuse of lesbian, gay, and bisexual high-school pupils. Journal of Adolescence, 24(1), 25-38.