Stop complaining! The social costs of making attributions to discrimination

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 254-263

  Kaiser, Cheryl R ^a   Miller, Carol T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035628622     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167201272010     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Asch, S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41, 258-290.
2. Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 135-149.
3. Crocker J., Cornwell, B., & Major, B. (1993). The stigma of overweight: Affective consequences of attributional ambiguity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 60-70.
4. Crocker, J., & Major, B. (1989). Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma. Psychological Review, 96, 608-630.
5. Crocker, J., Major, B., & Steele, C. (1998). Social stigma. In D. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4th ed., pp. 504-553). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
6. Crocker, J., Voelkl, K., Testa, M., & Major, B. (1991). Social stigma: The affective consequences of attributional ambiguity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 218-228.
7. Crosby, F. (1984). The denial of personal discrimination. American Behavioral Scientist, 27, 371-386.
8. Crosby, F.J. (1993). Why complain? Journal of Social Issues, 49, 169-184.
9. Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (1998). On the nature of contemporary prejudice: The causes, consequences, and challenges of aversive racism. In J. L. Eberhardt & S. T. Fiske (Eds.), Confronting racism: The problem and the response (pp. 3-32). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
10. Feagin, J. R., & Sikes, M. P. (1994). Living with racism: The Black middle-class experience. Boston: Beacon.
11. Fiske, S. T., Morling, B., & Stevens, L. E. (1996). Controlling self and others: A theory of anxiety, mental control, and social control. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 115-123.
12. Fitzgerald, L. F., Swan, S., & Fischer, K. (1995). Why didn't she just report him? The psychological and legal implications of women's responses to sexual harassment. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 117-138.
13. Haslett, B. B., & Lipman, S. (1997). Micro inequalities: Up close and personal. In N. V. Benokraitis (Ed.), Subtle sexism: Current practice and prospects for change (pp. 34-53). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
14. Kaiser, C. R., & Miller, C. T. (in press). Reacting to impending discrimination: Compensation for prejudice and attributions to discrimination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
15. Kowalski, R. M. (1996). Complaints and complaining: Functions, antecedents, and consequences. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 179-196.
16. Latting, J. K. (1993). Soliciting individual change in an interpersonal setting: The case of racially or sexually offensive language. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 29, 464-484.
17. Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 10). New York: Academic Press.
18. Ruggiero, K. M., & Marx, D. M. (1999). Less pain and more to gain: Why high status group members blame their failure on discrimination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 774-784.
19. Ruggiero, K. M., Steele, J., Hwang, A., & Marx, D. M. (2000). "Why did I get a 'D'?" The effects of social comparisons on women's attributions to discrimination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1271-1283.
20. Ruggiero, K. M., & Taylor, D. M. (1995). Coping with discrimination: How disadvantaged group members perceive the discrimination that confronts them. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 826-838.
21. Ruggiero, K. M., & Taylor, D. M. (1997). Why minority group members perceive or do not perceive the discrimination that confronts them: The role of self-esteem and perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 373-389.
22. Swim, J. K., Cohen, L. L., & Hyers, L. L. (1998). Experiencing everyday prejudice and discrimination. In J. K. Swim & C. Stangor (Eds.), Prejudice: The target's perspective (pp. 37-60). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
23. Swim, J. K., & Hyers, L. L. (1999). Excuse me-What did you say?! Women's public and private responses to sexist remarks. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 68-88.