Second-language experience modulates first- and second-language word frequency effects: Evidence from eye movement measures of natural paragraph reading

Psychonomic Bulletin and Review

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 73-80

  Whitford, Veronica ^a   Titone, Debra ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Eye movements and reading; Language comprehension; Psycholinguistics; Visual word recognition

Indexed keywords

EID: 84856173112     PISSN: 10699384     EISSN: 15315320     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/s13423-011-0179-5     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Baayen, R. H., Davidson, D. J., & Bates, D. M. (2008). Mixed effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items. Journal of Memory and Language, 59, 390-412.
2. Balota, D. A., Yap, M. J., Cortese, M. J., Hutchison, K. A., Kessler, B., Loftis, B.,...Treiman, R. (2007). The English Lexicon Project. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 445-459.
3. Bates, D. M. (2007). Linear mixed model implementation in lme4. Unpublished manuscript. University of Wisconsin, Madison.
4. Bialystok, E., & Craik, F. I. M. (2010). Cognitive and linguistic processing in the bilingual mind. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 19-23.
5. Brysbaert, M., & New, B. (2009). Moving beyond Kučera and Francis: A critical evaluation of current word frequency norms and the introduction of a new and improved word frequency measure for American English. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 977-990.
6. Dahan, D., Magnuson, J. S., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (2001). Time course of frequency effects in spoken-word recognition: Evidence from eye movements. Cognitive Psychology, 42, 317-367.
7. Dijkstra, T., & van Heuven, W. J. B. (2002). The architecture of the bilingual word recognition system: From identification to decision. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 5, 175-197.
8. Duyck, W., Vanderelst, D., Desmet, T., & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2008). The frequency effect in second-language visual word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 850-855.
9. Elston-Güttler, K. E., Paulmann, S., & Kotz, S. A. (2005). Who's in control? Proficiency and L1 influence on L2 processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17, 1593-1610.
10. Gollan, T. H., Montoya, R. I., Cera, C., & Sandoval, T. C. (2008). More use almost always means a smaller frequency effect: Aging, bilingualism, and the weaker links hypothesis. Journal of Memory and Language, 58, 787-814.
11. Gollan, T. H., Slattery, T. J., Goldenberg, D., van Assche, E., Duyck, W., & Rayner, K. (2011). Frequency drives lexical access in reading but not in speaking: The frequency-lag hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 140, 186-209.
12. Green, D. W. (1998). Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 67-81.
13. Inhoff, A. W., & Rayner, K. (1986). Parafoveal word processing during eye fixations in reading: Effects of word frequency. Perception & Psychophysics, 40, 431-439.
14. Lemhöfer, K., Dijkstra, T., Scriefers, H., Baayen, R. H., Grainger, J., & Zwitserlood, P. (2008). Native language influences on word recognition in second language: A megastudy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34, 12-31.
15. Libben, M. R., & Titone, D. A. (2009). Bilingual lexical access in context: Evidence from eye movements during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 381-390.
16. Marian, V., Blumenfeld, K. H., & Kaushanskaya, M. (2007). The Language Proficiency and Experience Questionnaire (LEAP-Q): Assessing language profiles in bilinguals and multilinguals. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing, 50, 940-967.
17. Miellet, S., Sparrow, L., & Sereno, S. C. (2007). Word frequency and predictability effects in reading French: An evaluation of the E-Z Reader model. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 762-769.
18. Monsell, S. (1991). The nature and locus of word frequency effects in reading. In D. Besner & G. W. Humphreys (Eds.), Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition (pp. 148-197). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
19. Murray, W. S., & Forster, K. I. (2004). Serial mechanisms in lexical access: The rank hypothesis. Psychological Review, 111, 721-756.
20. New, B., Pallier, C., Ferrand, L., & Matos, R. (2001). Use base de donnés lexicales du français contemporain sur internet: LEXIQUE 3. L'Année Psychologique, 101, 447-462.
21. Pollatsek, A., Reichle, E. D., & Rayner, K. (2006). Tests of the E-Z Reader model: Exploring the interface between cognition and eye movement control. Cognitive Psychology, 52, 1-56.
22. Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372-422.
23. Rayner, K. (2009). Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 1457-1506.
24. Rayner, K., & Duffy, S. A. (1986). Lexical complexity and fixation times in reading: Effects of word frequency, verb complexity, and lexical ambiguity. Memory & Cognition, 14, 191-291.
25. R Development Core Team. (2010). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (Version 2. 13. 1). Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www. R-project. org.
26. Schwartz, A. I., & Kroll, J. F. (2006). Bilingual lexical activation in sentence context. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, 197-212.
27. Titone, D., Libben, M., Mercier, J., Whitford, V., & Pivneva, I. (2011). Bilingual lexical access during L1 sentence reading: The effects of L2 knowledge, semantic constraint, and L1-L2 intermixing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition.
28. van Assche, E., Duyck, W., Hartsuiker, R. J., & Diependaele, K. (2009). Does bilingualism change native-language reading? Psychological Science, 20, 923-927.