N-acetylcysteine for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: A narrative review

Korean Circulation Journal

Volumn 41, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 695-702

  Jo, Sang Ho ^a  

^a Hallym University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Acetylcysteine; Angiography; Contrast media; Prevention; Renal insufficiency

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; CONTRAST MEDIUM;

CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); CONTRAST INDUCED NEPHROPATHY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; KIDNEY ANGIOGRAPHY; KIDNEY BLOOD FLOW; KIDNEY FUNCTION; META ANALYSIS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; RENAL PROTECTION; REVIEW;

EID: 84856106557     PISSN: 17385520     EISSN: 17385555     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2011.41.12.695     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Murphy SW, Barrett BJ, Parfrey PS. Contrast nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11:177-82. (Pubitemid 30020439)
2. Nash K, Hafeez A, Hou S. Hospital-acquired renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39:930-6. (Pubitemid 34454211)
3. McCullough PA, Wolyn R, Rocher LL, Levin RN, O'Neill WW. Acute renal failure after coronary intervention: incidence, risk factors, and relationship to mortality. Am J Med 1997;103:368-75. (Pubitemid 27506242)
4. Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Sarnak MJ. Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1998;32(5 Suppl 3):S112-9. (Pubitemid 28527268)
5. Rihal CS, Textor SC, Grill DE, et al. Incidence and prognostic importance of acute renal failure after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2002;105:2259-64. (Pubitemid 34535335)
6. Manske CL, Sprafka JM, Strony JT, Wang Y. Contrast nephropathy in azotemic diabetic patients undergoing coronary angiography. Am J Med 1990;89:615-20. (Pubitemid 20384319)
7. Rudnick MR, Goldfarb S, Wexler L, et al. Nephrotoxicity of ionic and nonionic contrast media in 1196 patients: a randomized trial: the Iohexol Cooperative Study. Kidney Int 1995;47:254-61.
8. Jo SH, Youn TJ, Koo BK, et al. Renal toxicity evaluation and comparison between visipaque (iodixanol) and hexabrix (ioxaglate) in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing coronary angiography: the RECOVER Study: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:924-30.
9. McCullough PA, Bertrand ME, Blinker JA, Stacul F. A meta-analysis of the renal safety of isosmolar iodixanol compared with low-osmolar contrast media. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:692-9. (Pubitemid 44175706)
10. Merten GJ, Burgess WP, Gray LV, et al. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:2328-34. (Pubitemid 38656299)
11. Mueller C, Buerkle G, Buettner HJ, et al. Prevention of contrast media-associated nephropathy: randomized comparison of 2 hydration regimens in 1620 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:329-36. (Pubitemid 34127411)
12. Stevens MA, McCullough PA, Tobin KJ, et al. A prospective randomized trial of prevention measures in patients at high risk for contrast nephropathy: results of the P.R.I.N.C.E. Study: Prevention of Radiocontrast Induced Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:403-11. (Pubitemid 29234202)
13. Solomon R, Werner C, Mann D, D'Elia J, Silva P. Effects of saline, mannitol, and furosemide to prevent acute decreases in renal function induced by radiocontrast agents. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1416-20. (Pubitemid 24348355)
14. Weinstein JM, Heyman S, Brezis M. Potential deleterious effect of furosemide in radiocontrast nephropathy. Nephron 1992;62:413-5.
15. Gare M, Haviv YS, Ben-Yehuda A, et al. The renal effect of low-dose dopamine in high-risk patients undergoing coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1682-8.
16. Stone GW, McCullough PA, Tumlin JA, et al. Fenoldopam mesylate for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2284-91. (Pubitemid 37430561)
17. Russo D, Testa A, Della Volpe L, Sansone G. Randomised prospective study on renal effects of two different contrast media in humans: protective role of a calcium channel blocker. Nephron 1990;55:254-7. (Pubitemid 20209507)
18. Huber W, Schipek C, Ilgmann K, et al. Effectiveness of theophylline prophylaxis of renal impairment after coronary angiography in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Am J Cardiol 2003;91:1157-62. (Pubitemid 36561376)
19. McCullough PA, Wolyn R, Rocher LL, Levin RN, O'Neill WW. Acute renal failure after coronary intervention: incidence, risk factors, and relationship to mortality. Am J Med 1997;103:368-75. (Pubitemid 27506242)
20. Tepel M, van der Giet M, Schwarzfeld C, Laufer U, Liermann D, Zidek W. Prevention of radiographic-contrast-agent-induced reductions in renal function by acetylcysteine. N Engl J Med 2000;343:180-4. (Pubitemid 30489215)
21. Briguori C, Colombo A, Violante A, et al. Standard vs double dose of N-acetylcysteine to prevent contrast agent associated nephrotoxicity. Eur Heart J 2004;25:206-11. (Pubitemid 38235156)
22. Cotgreave I, Moldéus P, Schuppe I. The metabolism of N-acetylcysteine by human endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1991;42:13-6.
23. Birck R, Krzossok S, Markowetz F, Schnülle P, van der Woude FJ, Braun C. Acetylcysteine for prevention of contrast nephropathy: meta-analysis. Lancet 2003;362:598-603. (Pubitemid 37013299)
24. Kelly AM, Dwamena B, Cronin P, Bernstein SJ, Carlos RC. Meta-analysis: effectiveness of drugs for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:284-94. (Pubitemid 351665489)
25. Liu R, Nair D, Ix J, Moore DH, Bent S. N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2005;20:193-200. (Pubitemid 40626999)
26. Pannu N, Manns B, Lee H, Tonelli M. Systematic review of the impact of N-acetylcysteine on contrast nephropathy. Kidney Int 2004;65:1366-74. (Pubitemid 38406975)
27. Nallamothu BK, Shojania KG, Saint S, et al. Is acetylcysteine effective in preventing contrast-related nephropathy? a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2004;117:938-47. (Pubitemid 40075562)
28. Trivedi H, Daram S, Szabo A, Bartorelli AL, Marenzi G. High-dose N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy. Am J Med 2009;122:874 e9-15.
29. Gonzales DA, Norsworthy KJ, Kern SJ, et al. A meta-analysis of N-acetylcysteine in contrast-induced nephrotoxicity: unsupervised clustering to resolve heterogeneity. BMC Med 2007;5:32.
30. Tepel M, Aspelin P, Lameire N. Contrast-induced nephropathy: a clinical and evidence-based approach. Circulation 2006;113:1799-806. (Pubitemid 43958473)
31. Kshirsagar AV, Poole C, Mottl A, et al. N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of radiocontrast induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis of prospective controlled trials. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15:761-9. (Pubitemid 38294807)
32. Ozcan EE, Guneri S, Akdeniz B, et al. Sodium bicarbonate, N-acetylcysteine, and saline for prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy: a comparison of 3 regimens for protecting contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary procedures: a single-center prospective controlled trial. Am Heart J 2007;154:539-44. (Pubitemid 47268251)
33. Barrett BJ, Parfrey PS. Prevention of nephrotoxicity induced by radiocontrast agents. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1449-50. (Pubitemid 24348362)
34. Pannu N, Wiebe N, Tonelli M; Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Prophylaxis strategies for contrast-induced nephropathy. JAMA 2006;295:2765-79.
35. Barrett BJ. Contrast nephrotoxicity. J Am Soc Nephrol 1994;5:125-37. (Pubitemid 24977068)
36. Baliga R, Ueda N, Walker PD, Shah SV. Oxidant mechanisms in toxic acute renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1997;29:465-77. (Pubitemid 27106573)
37. Bakris GL, Lass N, Gaber AO, Jones JD, Burnett JC Jr. Radiocontrast medium-induced declines in renal function: a role for oxygen free radicals. Am J Physiol 1990;258(1 Pt 2):F115-20. (Pubitemid 20063077)
38. Messana JM, Cieslinski DA, Humes HD. Comparison of toxicity of radiocontrast agents to renal tubule cells in vitro. Ren Fail 1990;12:75-82. (Pubitemid 20345927)
39. Katholi RE, Woods WT Jr, Taylor GJ, et al. Oxygen free radicals and contrast nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 1998;32:64-71. (Pubitemid 28311873)
40. Yoshioka T, Fogo A, Beckman JK. Reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes underlies contrast media-induced renal injury in volume depletion. Kidney Int 1992;41:1008-15.
41. DiMari J, Megyesi J, Udvarhelyi N, Price P, Davis R, Safirstein R. N-acetyl cysteine ameliorates ischemic renal failure. Am J Physiol 1997;272(3 Pt 2):F292-8.
42. Salom MG, Ramírez P, Carbonell LF, et al. Protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on the renal failure induced by inferior vena cava occlusion. Transplantation 1998;65:1315-21. (Pubitemid 28283092)
43. Arstall MA, Yang J, Stafford I, Betts WH, Horowitz JD. N-acetylcysteine in combination with nitroglycerin and streptokinase for the treatment of evolving acute myocardial infarction: safety and biochemical effects. Circulation 1995;92:2855-62.
44. Pollman MJ, Hall JL, Gibbons GH. Determinants of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis after balloon angioplasty injury: influence of redox state and cell phenotype. Circ Res 1999;84:113-21. (Pubitemid 29074886)
45. Romano G, Briguori C, Quintavalle C, et al. Contrast agents and renal cell apoptosis. Eur Heart J 2008;29:2569-76.
46. Lee HC, Sheu SH, Liu IH, et al. Impact of short-duration administration of N-acetylcysteine, probucol and ascorbic acid on contrast-induced cytotoxicity. J Nephrol 2011 Apr 20 [Epub]. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/JN.2011. 7741.
47. Jo SH, Koo BK, Park JS, et al. N-acetylcysteine versus AScorbic acid for preventing contrast-Induced nephropathy in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing coronary angiography NASPI study-a prospective randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J 2009;157:576-83.
48. Briguori C, Airoldi F, D'Andrea D, et al. Renal Insufficiency Following Contrast Media Administration Trial (REMEDIAL): a randomized comparison of 3 preventive strategies. Circulation 2007;115:1211-7. (Pubitemid 46594764)
49. Solomon R. Contrast-medium-induced acute renal failure. Kidney Int 1998;53:230-42. (Pubitemid 28066927)
50. Heyman SN, Reichman J, Brezis M. Pathophysiology of radiocontrast nephropathy: a role for medullary hypoxia. Invest Radiol 1999;34:685-91. (Pubitemid 29506070)
51. Yoshioka T, Fogo A, Beckman JK. Reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes underlies contrast media-induced renal injury in volume depletion. Kidney Int 1992;41:1008-15.
52. Zhang H, Spapen H, Nguyen DN, Rogiers P, Bakker J, Vincent JL. Effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on regional blood flow during endotoxic shock. Eur Surg Res 1995;27:292-300.
53. Salom MG, Ramírez P, Carbonell LF, et al. Protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on the renal failure induced by inferior vena cava occlusion. Transplantation 1998;65:1315-21. (Pubitemid 28283092)
54. Mehta A, Sekhon CP, Giri S, Orak JK, Singh AK. Attenuation of ischemia/reperfusion induced MAP kinases by N-acetyl cysteine, sodium nitroprusside and phosphoramidon. Mol Cell Biochem 2002;240:19-29. (Pubitemid 35385817)
55. Khachigian LM, Collins T, Fries JW. N-acetyl cysteine blocks mesangial VCAM-1 andNF-kappa B expression in vivo. Am J Pathol 1997;151:1225-9. (Pubitemid 27479751)
56. Brady HR, Singer GG. Acute renal failure. Lancet 1995;346:1533-40.
57. Vale JA, Proudfoot AT. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning. Lancet 1995;346:547-52.
58. Holt S, Goodier D, Marley R, et al. Improvement in renal function in hepatorenal syndrome with N-acetylcysteine. Lancet 1999;353:294-5. (Pubitemid 29088129)
59. Izzedine H, Kheder-Elfekih R, Deray G, Thabut D. Endothelin-receptor antagonist/N-acetylcysteine combination in type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. J Hepatol 2009;50:1055-6.
60. Kelly AM, Dwamena B, Cronin P, Bernstein SJ, Carlos RC. Meta-analysis: effectiveness of drugs for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:284-94. (Pubitemid 351665489)
61. Sadeghi HM, Stone GW, Grines CL, et al. Impact of renal insufficiency in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2003;108:2769-75. (Pubitemid 37498979)
62. Marenzi G, Assanelli E, Marana I, et al. N-acetylcysteine and contrast-induced nephropathy in primary angioplasty. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2773-82. (Pubitemid 43974195)
63. Thiele H, Hildebrand L, Schirdewahn C, et al. Impact of high-dose N-acetylcysteine versus placebo on contrast-induced nephropathy and myocardial reperfusion injury in unselected patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the LIPSIA-N-ACC (Prospective, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Leipzig Immediate Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Acute Myocardial Infarction N-ACC) Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:2201-9.
64. Jaffery Z, Verma A, White CJ, et al. A randomized trial of intravenous N-acetylcysteine to prevent contrast induced nephropathy in acute coronary syndromes. Catheter Cardiovasc Intern 2011 May 3 [Epub]. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1002/ccd.23157.
65. Tanaka A, Suzuki Y, Suzuki N, et al. Does N-acetylcysteine reduce the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy and clinical events in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction? Intern Med 2011;50:673-7.
66. Hoffmann U, Fischereder M, Krüger B, Drobnik W, Krämer BK. The value of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of radiocontrast agent-induced nephropathy seems questionable. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15:407-10. (Pubitemid 38140781)
67. Poletti PA, Saudan P, Platon A, et al. I.v. N-acetylcysteine and emergency CT: use of serum creatinine and cystatin C as markers of radiocontrast nephrotoxicity. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;189:687-92. (Pubitemid 47328553)
68. Ristikankare A, Kuitunen T, Kuitunen A, et al. Lack of renoprotective effect of i.v. N-acetylcysteine in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2006;97:611-6. (Pubitemid 44593854)
69. Haase M, Haase-Fielitz A, Ratnaike S, et al. N-Acetylcysteine does not artifactually lower plasma creatinine concentration. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008;23:1581-7. (Pubitemid 351767737)
70. ACT Investigators. Acetylcysteine for prevention of renal outcomes in patients undergoing coronary and peripheral vascular angiography: main results from the randomized Acetylcysteine for Contrast-induced Nephropathy Trial (ACT). Circulation 2011;124:1250-9.
71. McCullough PA, Khambatta S, Jazrawi A. Minimizing the renal toxicity of iodinated contrast. Circulation 2011;124:1210-1.
72. Wijns W, Kolh P, Danchin N, et al. Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J 2010;31:2501-55.
73. Marenzi G, Assanelli E, Marana I, et al. N-acetylcysteine and contrast-induced nephropathy in primary angioplasty 1. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2773-82. (Pubitemid 43974195)
74. Barrett BJ, Parfrey PS. Clinical practice. Preventing nephropathy induced by contrast medium. N Engl J Med 2006;354:379-86. (Pubitemid 43145062)